756 
i'HK RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 10 
The Rural New-Yorker 
TEE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER. 
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homea. 
Established 1850. 
Herbert W. Collingwood, Editor. 
Dr. Walter Van Fleet, ) 
H. E. Van Deman, V Associates. 
Mrs. E. T. Royle, | 
John J. Dillon, Business Manager. 
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR. 
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, 12.04, equal to 
8 s. 6d., or 814 marks : or 10*4 francs. 
ADVERTISING RATES. 
Thirty cents per agate line (141 nes to the inch). Yearly orders 
of 10 or more lines, and 1,000-line orders, 25 cents per line. 
Reading Notices, ending with “Adv.," 75 cents per 
count line. Absolutely One Price Only. 
Advertisements inserted only for responsible and honorable houses 
We must have copy one week before the date of Issue. 
Name and address of sender, and what the remittance Is for, 
should appear in every letter. 
Remittances may be made in money order, express order, 
personal check or bank draft. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
409 Pearl Street, New York. 
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1900. 
The peelings, cores and other refuse of apples used 
in making apple butter, are shipped from this coun¬ 
try to Europe and Great Britain, where they are made 
into marmalade and wine. Excellent marmalades, 
beautifully labeled and put up, come back to this 
country, under various names and descriptions, whose 
origin is the American apple. 
* 
Prof. Slingerland makes a strong argument for the 
bees this week, but “there are others.” We have re¬ 
ports from fruit growers who feel sure that bees have 
injured their fruit. Let’s give all sides a hearing. 
Some of these practical men claim to know positively 
that bees have really injured or destroyed ripe plums 
and peaches. Tile R. N.-Y. believes in the bee, but 
we don’t care to wax over any of his bad habits. 
* 
The silo men have made such good arguments in 
favor of silage that many have concluded that feed¬ 
ing dry cornstalks is out of date with the best dairy¬ 
men. The response to Mr. Wright’s recent article 
shows that this is far from the truth. We are be¬ 
sieged with letters from farmers who want a set of 
machinery for cutting and crushing dry corn fodder. 
This year of short hay there is more demand than 
ever for something to utilize the stalks. Our scientific 
friends have talked and argued and pleaded with 
farmers to save the stalks, but years of eloquence and 
reasoning have not done as much as one dry Summer 
to elect Mr. Zea Mays! No, indeed, the silo men do 
not have all the arguments by any means. The dries 
have a strong case too. 
* 
Last week witnessed a frightful disaster in New 
York. A great building stocked with chemicals and 
explosives took fire. Ordinarily a fire in New York 
is confined to the building in which it starts, but in 
this case a series of fearful explosions threw the 
building down and scattered destruction. The writer 
saw one of the explosions. A mass of flame shot up 
350 feet into the air. Great masses of stone, brick 
and metal were hurled in all directions. The folly 
and ci’ime of permitting such quantities of explosives 
to be stored in a crowded city should be evident to 
anyone. Human life seems to be considered cheap 
enough in these days if one is to judge by the risks 
that are taken with it. Two sets of people are re¬ 
sponsible in crimes of this sort—those who violate 
the law and those who permit it to be violated. 
* 
Some horses will go as fast and pull as hard as they 
ought without ever being touched with a whip. Oth¬ 
ers are so lazy that they brace up only while the 
sting lasts, and then forget all about it. Still others 
remember a little sharp cut long after the sting is 
over. The hint that they are not doing as much as 
they should, seems to touch their horse pride. For 
animals of the last class, which are most numerous, 
the whip is of real value, and can be used sufficiently 
without cruelty. It is acknowledged that a man 
ought to do his best. Why not a horse? Men need 
to be spurred in order to do what they ought. It is 
a little rough to be stirred up in this way, for pleas¬ 
ant thoughts may be torn in tatters, and self-conceit 
upset, but the root of the doing of many things lies 
right here. B watches A’s farming, practices the 
methods which results have shown to be wise, dis¬ 
cards faulty ones, and tries to put his own work on 
a higher level in every way. C revises and improves 
B; thus the structure of improved farming, manufac¬ 
turing or professional work, is built up. This desire 
to excel is like the sting in the cut of the lash. It 
makes the blood in the veins and arteries jump, and 
the man jump too; but the only way to cross some 
of the wide ditches between our hopes and their reali¬ 
zation is to jump. Waiting to be cycloned over is 
risky, for the cyclone may come from the wrong di¬ 
rection. 
* 
Among other agricultural products sent out of this 
country are oleomargarine and oleo oil. Here are the 
figures for the nine months ending September 1, in 
pounds: 
1898. 191)0. 
Oleomargarine . 4,531,992 3,009,424 
Oleo oil .105,776,846 123,626,083 
The production of oleo in this country is increas¬ 
ing quite rapidly, yet the exports are falling off, 
which shows that more of it is being consumed here. 
The greatest export trade is in oleo oil. This is sent 
chiefly to Holland and Germany, whei’e it is mixed 
and manufactured into artificial butter. This great 
export trade destroys the argument of those who say 
that the Grout bill would injure the sale of beef fat. 
The great market for this oil or fat is not in this 
country but in Europe, and the passage of the Grout 
bill would not interfere in the least with this trade. 
M 
In response to a number of questions from readers 
we give, in the following table, figures taken from the 
latest reports. The records are figured to August 1, 
and indicate the changes in the past four years: 
1896. 1900. 
Money in circulation.11,528,742,057 $2,096,683,042 
Silver certificates in circulation— 345,739,894 415,875,727 
Interest-bearing debt . 847,363,890 1,001,499,260 
Interest on puDlic debt. 35,176,313 40,385,029 
Expenditures (yearly) .. 365,774,159 487,664,175 
internal revenue taxes. 146,688,774 296,140,100 
Cost of army and navy. 83,511,814 190,694,827 
These figures are seldom grouped in this way. They 
show that Uncle Sam is doing business on borrowed 
capital. His family expenses are increasing, and all 
the members are chipping m more and more of their 
earnings to pay the bills. In a private business con¬ 
ducted in this way, one of two things would have to 
follow: The money borrowed and spent would have 
to bring new trade and work, or else expenses would 
have to be cut down. The following figures show the 
values of certain American crops for last year: 
Potato crop .$89,328,832 
Tobacco crop . 24,258,070 
Rye crop . 12,214,118 
Barley crop . 29,594,254 
Buckwheat crop . 6,183,675 
This will show how the farmer is interested in in¬ 
creased public expenses. It requires most of the 
buckwheat crop to pay the increased interest on our 
debt! It will require just about all the barley, all 
the tobacco and all the potatoes to pay the increase in 
our war taxes. We certainly have the right to expect 
some mighty returns in increased business to pay for 
this tremendous outlay! 
* 
When we begin to talk about the agricultural or 
fruit-growing possibilities of the Southern States one 
question is sure to be asked by readers. If the South 
offers homes for northern people, why have they not 
gone there? Why have the western plains been set¬ 
tled by eastern men and women of moderate means? 
Why have the changes of population in this country 
been made on lines of latitude rather than from north 
to south? We run upon these questions everywhere. 
There are several reasons, but the chief one is the 
fact that the railroads running west have spent thou¬ 
sands of dollars in advertising lands and attracting 
settlers. Most of these railroads secured large tracts 
of free land. It was to their interests to have these 
lands occupied and improved, and for years they made 
advertising their business both in this country and 
in Europe. In this way they induced thousands of 
people to change their homes. Some of these people 
now perhaps regret the change, but most of them are 
contented and happy. They have served their coun¬ 
try well by going West. It is safe to say that but for 
the efforts made by the railroads the West would have 
lagged behind. The South will not be developed and 
filled with desirable immigrants until the southern 
people and the southern railroads advertise their 
country and show the world what they have to offer! 
• 
It was the dream of old economical leaders that the 
world was divided up into natural monopolies, which 
meant that certain sections or localities are naturally 
adapted to the production of certain things. For in¬ 
stance, it was said that England would hold a mon¬ 
opoly on cotton spinning. Sugar, it was said, could 
only be produced profitably in the tropical islands 
near the equator, rubber along the Amazon and so 
on. One by one these ideas are being exploded. Eng¬ 
land is losing her manufacturing supremacy. Even 
in this country New England has seen a fair share 
of her cotton spinning go to the Southern States. 
Napoleon urged Frenchmen to make sugar from beets 
as a measure of self-protection. As a result the beet 
nas nearly driven out the sugar cane, and the rich 
sugar islands are in ruin. Even the rubber monopoly 
is passing. A fair substitute is made from Indian 
corn, and now a Mexican weed found in many swamps 
promises to yield rubber cheaper than ever before. 
Thus one after another the so-called natural mon¬ 
opolies are being broken down by science and the 
tireless energy of man. About 25 years ago there 
was a rush away from the farms of New England for 
the rich farms of the West. For a number of years 
Vermont and New Hampshire steadily decreased in 
population. The present census shows that Kansas 
has 1,469,496 inhabitants, while Maine, New Hamp- 
snire and Vermont have 1,449,595. During the past 
10 years Kansas has increased only 42,400, while the 
three New England States have gained 79,557. Better 
methods and more careful farming are enabling the 
eastern farmer to hold his own against the “natural 
monopoly” of the richer western farms! 
* 
The census returns show that there are 76,295,220 
of us, not including Porto Rico or the Philippines. In 
the 45 States there are 74,627,907 persons. Only one 
State has lost in population—Nevada losing 3,427. 
For 30 years, between 1860 and 1890, Maine, New 
Hampshire and Vermont remained nearly at a stand¬ 
still. Now they are all gaining. In fact, one of the 
surprising things about this census is the great gain 
made by New England. In 1890 these six States had 
a population of 4,7uo,745, while now they have 5,594,- 
852. The New England States with New York, Penn¬ 
sylvania and New Jersey added have a population of 
31,047,895, or more than 41 per cent of the total popu¬ 
lation in the 45 States. Yet these States have an area 
of but 162,065 square miles out of a total of 2,970,000 
for the entire country. Thus States with less than 
four per cent of the area of this country furnish over 
40 per cent of the consumers. The proportion of 
actual consumers would be much larger if we exclude 
farmers, and consider only those who do not produce 
food. (Jne surprising thing about the report is the 
fact that Florida, in spite of the repeated destruction 
of the orange crop, is gaining in population faster 
than any ot the Southern States except Georgia and 
Texas, it seems strange to learn that Nebraska has 
made a smaller gain than Vermont, and that Massa¬ 
chusetts has made a gain larger than that of Ala¬ 
bama, Arkansas, Kansas and Nebraska combined. 
Oklahoma has now a greater population than either 
Vermont, Utah, North Dakota, Delaware or Montana, 
and scarcely 12,000 less than New Hampshire. 
• 
BREVITIES. 
You may grind and screw your neighbor 
Out of every cent he owns; 
You may fry his whole life’s fatness, 
Leaving naught but shining bones; 
Go and kick the underpinning 
When the poor folks try to climb 
Up to things that promise better. 
Go and spend your leisure time 
Pulling cash away from others. 
Till your purse is fat and strong. 
Till your credit is established, 
And your bank account is long. 
That’s all true 
But, mark you, 
Some time or other, as sure as the day, 
Justice will come and you’ll get your pay! 
Justice will come and examine the brand 
Made by the dollar you held in your hand! . 
Too many groans from grown people. 
“Taffy” may be called sauce to the goose! 
Ambition is the root from which “ginger” grows. 
It’s a cowardly thing to try to bulldoze your wife. 
The enemy’s worst can only be matched by your best. 
Who says it pays to paint cheap and poorly-built 
buildings? 
Don’t hunt trouble—make it hunt you. It’s best to 
fight on the defensive. 
Easy to spend—other people’s money. It seems easy 
to get also—for some folks. 
Probably a mistake! For the eastern dairyman ever 
to buy cornmeal for his cows. 
“An agrostologlst is one who has made a special study 
of grasses”—a cow for example! 
Do you know of any case where silage has been sold 
for cash? If so, what did it bring? 
Hens and humans who will sit when they ought to work 
find in grains of solid grit antidote for shirk. 
In making up a “balanced ration” for cows or hens 
we think it is safe to throw in a little extra protein—that 
is, give more of the muscle makers than the authorities 
advise. 
There are two ways of fining cornstalks in the ma¬ 
nure. One is to run them through a cutter before feed¬ 
ing. The other is to run them through a hungry hog 
after feeding. 
An exchange remarks that so long as a man is pros¬ 
pering and has plenty of money, he can’t keep his friends 
off with a baseball bat; but, as soon as he is unfortu¬ 
nate and starts on the down grade, most of them grease 
the track, step one side and let him go. 
It is somewhat amusing, after one gets used to it, to 
meet some of the human snapping turtles who are found 
here and there. They may have some good qualities, 
but you could not shake a pleasant word or bit of use¬ 
ful information out of them by running them through 
a milk separator at full speed. 
