1902 
7 
HOPE FARM NOTES 
jl< eeding Notes.— Did you say some weeks 
ago that there is a substance in oats that 
gives spirit to a horse? 
i said that "avenin” in the oats probably 
does this. 
Are you sure that you are right abouL 
this? 
No—in fact—1 now think I was wrong. 
The statement about this “avenin” was 
made several years ago by a foreign 
chemist, and quite gener Q 'iv accepted at 
the time. 
Has anyone upset his theory? 
i think so, for some of the best chemists 
have been unable to find this substance. 
They conclude that there is nothing in the 
oats which should stimulate a horse to 
“feel them” any more thr” feels any 
other grain! 
Does this agree with practical experience? 
1 call practice how and science why. We 
know from the evidence of our own eyes 
that when we feed the lively horse on oats 
and give the driver a good cup of hot cof¬ 
fee they go off over the road in good spirits. 
We don’t know why they do it, but it is 
plain that they do. The original use of 
coffee as a beverage is said to have started 
from this sort of evidence. The story goes 
that a poor dervish in Arabia observed 
that his goats were remarkably “gay” as 
they came home at night. His own life 
was sober enough, but he liked fun in 
others, and he thought he might have 
some sport with those goats. He chased 
them up and noticed that they devoured 
the blossoms and fruit that grew on a 
certain kind of tree. He decided to make 
a goat of himself to the extent of doing 
the same thing. He chewed the berries and 
got to feeling so good that his friends all 
accused him of stealing the forbidden wine. 
He showed them the coffee tree, and all 
tried their teeth on it. They at once unan¬ 
imously decided that Allah had sent them 
the coffee plant to enable them to stimu¬ 
late gently without giving their temper¬ 
ance principles a black eye. Centuries 
later the chemists were not satisfied with 
this how, so they analyzed the coffee berry 
to find out why. 
Well, what did they find out? 
That coffee (and tea also) contains a sub¬ 
stance, which they call caffeine, which, 
among other things soothes the body, 
stimulates the brain and kidneys, delays 
change and waste in the body, and to a 
slight extent lessens the demand for food. 
Do they find any nourishment in coffee? 
Yes, and this food is not easily dis¬ 
solved by boiling water. We are told 
that in some eastern countries people 
drink the grounds of the coffee. They 
have good grounds for this practice 
when we understand that the ground 
berry, the milk and the sugar in a cup of 
coffee contain more than three times as 
much nourishment as the same quantity 
of beef tea! We strain out the strength 
of our coffee therefore, and drink it to 
obtain the stimulating caffeine. 
But what about the oats? 
As the old-time dervish saw his goats 
kick up their heels and found the how by 
hunting for the coffee tree, so drivers see 
their horses “feeling good” when eating 
oats, and conclude that some such sub¬ 
stance as the caffeine is responsible for it. 
A chemist claimed to have found it and 
named it “avenin.” This, and the fact 
that some Scotch people had little to eat 
but oatmeal and still grew strong, shrewd 
and hearty, started a great demand for 
that food. The scientific test failed to find 
any such substance as this “avenin” in 
the oats, and the majority of humans seem 
to have decided that the meal of wheat 
and barley is more satisfactory than oat¬ 
meal. 
Why do you have so much to say about 
this? 
Because there seems to be a feeling in 
the minds of some farmers that they must 
feed oats, no matter what they cost, as 
they think no substitute can be found. I 
think the explosion of the “avenin” 
theory blows open new avenues for cheap¬ 
ening the horse’s ration. 
Why, then, are oats good for horse feed? 
Chiefly, I think, because the grain con¬ 
tains a large proportion of well-balanced 
food that is quickly digestible. It also has 
more bulky matter (hulls) mixed with it 
than other grains, and this makes it well 
suited for horse feed. Let’s understand 
that there is nothing but plain food in the 
oats, and then we can save money by feed¬ 
ing other grains. 
Is this theory, or do you know what you 
are talking about? 
I believed this “avenin” theory until good 
chemists assured me that there is nothing 
in it that they can find. They may come 
around next year and say "Eureka—I have 
it at last!” Until they do so—and for some 
time after—I shall believe my own eyes. 
Our horses have had no oats this Winter, 
and they fill the harness perfectly. Ear 
corn, dried brewer’s grains, linseed meal 
and bran fully replace the oats, so far as 
I can see. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Corn Fodder.— 1 see that some farmers 
object to shredded fodder, saying that cut¬ 
ting is better. What have you to say to 
that? 
I have great respect for their opinion, but 
at our barn the verdict is all in favor of 
the shredder. 
On what grounds? 
The shredded fodder seems to keep better 
when cut in large quantities. We work up 
Luo months' feeding at a Lime. It packs 
closer and Keeps well. The shredder leais 
and splits instead of chopping. iVrany of 
the corn leaves are merely crumpieu and 
left in six-inch pieces. The hoise can pick 
them out easier tnan they can the little 
eiiopped-up pieces from the cutter. Cut 
fodder does not make good bedding witn 
us, but the shredded stalks are soft ana 
excellent, as they are all split and smashed. 
We are very sure that our stock will eat 
far more of the shredded fodder Lhan of tne 
cut. it is a fact that 30 per cent more 
power is required to do a good job witn 
the shredder than with the cutter. 
Do your slock eat this sliredded fodder 
well? 
Yes, they eat about all of it that one 
could really expect. The hard butts and 
pith are not eaten. There is a loss ana 
waste in any system of feeding dry stalks. 
Do you not try to decrease this waste? 
Yes, we have fed waste molasses, and 
shall try steaming the fodder. 
What about molasses? 
We obtained two barrels of waste mo¬ 
lasses from the Binghamton beet sugar fac¬ 
tory last Winter. The horses were fed 
about three pints a day. Enough water 
was added to Lhe molasses to make a tnin 
"switchel’’ and this was poured over the 
shredded fodder in trie manger. 
Were the horses fond of it? 
Very, some more than others. Old Major 
would eat a big dry butt in order to get at 
the drop of molasses that hid in the pitn, 
just as a child will work like a slave at 
the most disagreeable task for a stick of 
candy! 
is the molasses equal to grain? 
While we made no accurate tests i 
thought it equal to corn, weight for weignt, 
though of course it could not be substi¬ 
tuted for tire entire corn part of the ration, 
it seemed to have something of the effect 
of linseed meal in keeping the coat smootn 
and sleek. We shall feed more of it this 
vVinter. 
How about steaming? 
We are trying it as an experiment only. 
We fill a hogshead witli Lhe shredded fod¬ 
der well stamped down and pour on boiling 
water at night and cover with blankets, i 
have my doubts about the economy of this 
thing, but we shall know soon, i think it 
will make good bulky food for the sows 
and cows, also make easy eating for Major 
and Johnnie, whose teeth will never be 
young again. 
Who is Johnnie—he seems to be a new 
one? 
Johnnie is a little bob-tailed mustang 
covered with brands and honorable gray 
hairs. For years he did the “running 
around” for a good friend of ours, but at 
last there was no use for a horse any longer, 
so Johnnie found the world staring him in 
Lhe face. The world looks like a picture 
framed in a peddler's club to an old horse, 
and our friends could not bear to see their 
faithful old servant abused. They asked 
us to take him to Hope Farm and give him 
a cheap billet while he lived, or a straight 
bullet when he got too old to be of service. 
So here he is side by side with old Major, 
eating his fodder and a little grain, and 
always ready to do his share. Old Johnnie 
is all right! If the majority of the hu¬ 
mans in this world did their duty as well 
as he does half of our courts would shut up. 
Account of Stock.— Last year I gave a 
statement of the live stock on hand. The 
story for this year shows how our little 
ffoek is growing. Here it is for January 1: 
Horses. 
Frank . 
Dan . 
Major . 
Nellie . 
Peter . 
Maria . 
Cows. 
Jersey . 
Blossom . 
Daisy . 
Julia . 
Genevieve . 
Swine. 
Six pigs @ $7. 
5 pure Berkshires 
4 pigs . 
3 grade sows. 
Poultry. 
7tl hens @ .40.. 
120 hens @ .35.. 
1901. 
.?150 
. 125 
. 15 
. 125 
. 40 
25 
30 
15 
42 
28 
1902. 
$150 
115 
15 
125 
50 
100 
20 
40 
25 
35 
40 
125 
20 
45 
42 
I call Frank worth fully as much as he 
was last year. Dan is worth less. Major 
I put at $15, though he easily earns the in¬ 
terest on $100. We would not sell him at 
any price. Nellie has in no way fallen off 
in value and the pony Peter would sell for 
$50. I put no value on Johnnie. I would 
not sell the colt for less than $100, for I 
fully believe she is worth it. The old cow 
like Major would not be sold or even eaten. 
Her two daughters have gained in value. 
Julia would bring $35 as beef. I call the 
four purebred sows and the boar worth $25 
apiece. They will earn the biggest sort of 
interest on that value. They would have 
brought nearly $S0 as pork in early Novem- 
uet. I tuink ail tffese values are fair. 1 
put the liens lower tfian last year, because 
uiey would bring less it soiu live weight. 
Ail througn our country tanners are sell¬ 
ing on hens, Pigs, old cows—everything they 
can imu ruuier than pay the high prices 
for grain. Vv e think it is the time to hang 
on ana feed fairly, for next tip ring tlieie 
will be a great demand lor stock. 
Would f sell the whole ouuit in a bunch 
at tile prices 1 have made? 
i\ot it 1 meant to keep on farming. We 
have spent some years in studying and 
ueveloping this stock. The animals suit 
our purposes well, and it would be a job 
to repiace these faithful friends. 
ft win be a fair criticism to say that we 
have too much capital in horses. With the 
exception of Peter all the horses pay for 
their keep, and he will this year. As we 
are situated an immense amount of errand 
running is needed, and in the Summer the 
horses are all busy. The cows paid well 
last year, but I do not expect to increase 
the herd. The hogs have been quite pront- 
abie, and I now expect slowly to increase 
the business until we have 15 or IS sows— 
selecting the very best of our own stock 
and buying new blood occasionally. I shall 
stick to the Berkshires, but as there is un¬ 
doubtedly a demand for white pigs I mean 
to buy a good Cheshire sow when I can. I 
am getting the poultry fever again, and 
hope to work up a good flock of hens once 
more. As is well known, when I bought 
the farm 1 did not intend to keep much 
stock. When I came here we had one 
cow, one pig, a calf and three horses. At 
that time I did not realize that this soil is 
best adapted to fruit and grass, but now, 
having learned this, we are able to lay out 
a definite plan. We are rapidly getting the 
upper farm into small grain and grass, and 
shall set apple and peach trees as we can. 
I hope to sell hay and straw and feed 
grain and stalks on the farm, using most 
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