20 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 11 
THE OHIO HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
Part III. 
N. C. Marion read a very good paper on 
“Our Birds.’’ There is, continually passing 
over our State, back and forth, from north 
to south and from south to north, a “wave” 
of bird life which is ever working in the 
interests of the horticulturist. From this 
flitting “wave” there are about 230 varie¬ 
ties that nest with us. He designated the 
falcon or hawk family as the “Spaniards” 
of bird life. It was admitted that the crow 
was a sort of “thief” but not a bad fellow 
withal. The robin was given a prominent 
place among the birds most industrious. 
He labors from early morning until late 
at night, and is entitled to all he gets, 
even if this includes a few “wormy cher¬ 
ries.” A parent robin has been known to 
bring, to the nest, 16 worms in 15 minutes, 
and it is estimated that a healthy young 
robin can manage 13 feet of angle worm 
in one day, or, as the case may be, Its 
equivalent In various worms, slugs and 
bugs that so seriously beset us. Yfet the 
robin has no special protection! While the 
cow-bird "keeps no house” and is almost 
invariably raised by a “step-mother,” it 
was declared to be a great insect destroyer. 
The king bird, in addition to being a feeder 
on insects, is one of the greatest protectors 
of the home. The oriole was declared a 
worthy example of conjugal fidelity, as he 
will stay by his wife and children to the 
last, as true as steel. His song is one of 
the sweetest and his diet is principally in 
sects. The swallow family was praised as 
insect destroyers. The blue jay was hu¬ 
morously described as a sort of “Jim 
Dandy” who could come nearer swearing 
than any of our native birds. He is ex¬ 
ceedingly pugnacious and his greatest re¬ 
deeming traits are his colors. Mr. Marion 
is a staunch friend of the quail. He urges 
its complete protection, and declares that 
the angels might as easily be expected to 
"compromise on sin,” as the horticulturist 
on this question; that no one has a right 
to trespass; that our rights in this matter 
should be demanded and that in protect¬ 
ing the quails they will protect us. They 
are our little friends; are an ornament to 
our farms; a continual source of satisfac¬ 
tion; inveterate workers without one dark 
spot on their character. Doves—the em¬ 
blem of peace and good will—were like¬ 
wise defended in an eloquent manner. He 
declared that the “soul of a hunter who 
would deliberately take the life of one of 
these, was small enough to rattle inside a 
tobacco seed.” English sparrows, on the 
other hand were admitted to be similar to 
“everybody else who comes from England 
—wanting the earth.” In discussion of this 
subject, Prof. Lazenby declared that the 
small rifles of the Flobert class, and spring 
guns were villainous and pernicious toys 
in the hands of boys, and very destructive 
of bird life. He also condemned the pres¬ 
ent fad of making collections of birds’ eggs 
—the wholesale robbing of nests by our 
young people to secure collections that are 
short-lived and of no use whatever. 
Prof. W. R. Lazenby read an elaborate 
paper on “The Timber Trees of Ohio and 
the Present Demand for Wood.” With our 
limited space it is almost impossible to give 
a satisfactory report on this subject. 
Ohio’s 114 varieties of forest trees were 
named, classified and the special demand 
for each kind of wood stated in a way that 
was very interesting and instructive. Not 
the least among the excellent points of the 
discourse was the assertion that the forests 
of Ohio were a great inheritance, and that 
it is not right for us to cause the se who 
come after us to pay an exorbitant price 
for timber. In the discussion which fol¬ 
lowed Dr. Chamberlain said that it would 
be unprofitable to grow timber on land that 
will pay us $40 gross per acre in other 
crops, that we are inclined to worry too 
much as to the exhaustion of timber, as 
there are always new resources; that in 
the creation of the earth it was the divine 
plan to store upon and within it such a 
quantity and variety of material as would 
ever supply the needs of the human race, 
and that we need not fear that we will 
freeze or starve to death. “Forcing Head 
Lettuce,” by C. W. Waid, and “The Fac¬ 
ing-House Industry,” by Prof. Thorne, both 
of the Ohio Experiment Station, were 
papers that were appreciated by those in¬ 
terested along this line. 
Dr. Chamberlain’s paper on “Apple Cul¬ 
ture in Northeastern Ohio” was very well 
received. His orchard is in the form of a 
large knoll embracing 10 acres of land. It 
is systematically and thoroughly under¬ 
drained, a tile drain being laid between 
Can You 
do a little pleasant and profitable work 
for us in your own town? No experience 
necessary. Me will explain just what 
you have to do. The work will be light, 
and we will arrange for the time you 
shall be able to give to it. We can give 
you work for all your time or just for 
your spare time. Write for full par¬ 
ticulars THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
JTirW Yo*t 
every two rows of trees, which are plann¬ 
ed 33 feet apart each way. There is an 
outlet for the drainage at each of the four 
corners. He considers this water drainage, 
as well as that of cold air, essential to 
success in apple culture. He has noticed 
upon his own orchard that the apples have 
sometimes been killed squarely up to a 
certain well-defined “frost line,” while 
those above were uninjured. The only 
trees that have died of “wet feet” were 
those upon the boundary of the orchard, 
where the rows were drained upon ons side 
only. Here, too, in digging the holes for 
replanting trees, water would stand in 
them, while just above, where drained 
upon both sides, the holes remained dry. 
Fall is the favorite season for pla.nting. 
He goes, in person, to the nursery, and 
selects his trees ahead of the diggers, 
pruning the tops as he goes. He prefers 
a tall tree, headed at five feet from the 
ground, and aims to prune to a “whorl” of 
five branches at that height. Where a 
“fork” occurs he cuts away entirely the 
smaller of the two branches to prevent the 
future splitting of the tree. The trees are 
well packed and hauled home in his own 
wagon, if the distance be not too great. 
In setting he prunes away, from the lower 
side, all bruised and broken roots, taking 
care that the root system shall be in ex¬ 
cess of the top. If the ground be dry he 
dips the roots in a “soil porridge” and 
plants the tree with a strong inclination 
toward the southwest. Treading down the 
soil firmly and banking up thoroughly is 
recommended. He buys galvanized one- 
fourth inch meshed wire screen, three feet 
wide, -which he cuts into 9% inch lengths 
and rolls into cylinders. One of these is 
placed about each tree stem—the lap of the 
screen on the southwest exposure, and ties 
securely. This is a preventive of damage 
by rodents, as the lower end is pushed 
down into the soil to the depth of three 
or four inches, and is also a shield which 
partially protects the stem of the tree from 
sunscald. Dr. Chamberlain gives thorough 
annual cultivation to his orchard, and each 
season grows between the trees a crop of 
Hungarian grass, with which the trees are 
mulched prior to the picking season. He 
also sprays thoroughly two or three times 
with Bordeaux, to which he adds three 
pounds of Disparene and six or eight 
ounces Paris-green to 50 gallons of the 
mixture. This immense dose, he says, does 
not injure the foliage, but makes sure work 
of the Codling moth. The Disparene 
causes the mixture to “stick” like paint, 
therefore its benefits are lasting. Where 
he sprayed he had no "imperfect” fruit 
and where not sprayed he found no per¬ 
fect. He handles his entire crop in bushel 
boxes, hauling from his orchard directly 
to the car where they are emptied in bulk. 
His "variety” is Baldwin. Nothing can 
approach it for profit at his farm. The 
buyer of his crop reported that out of 1.200 
bushels delivered on the oar but one 20- 
pound basket of apples was culled while 
placing in cold storage. Dr. Chamberlain’s 
orchard of 10 acres, the past season, net¬ 
ted him $160 per acre for the whole area, 
or $320 per acre for the actual five acres 
which bore this crop. f. h. ballou. 
Lost Dynamite Under a Stump. 
.4. J. M., Benton Harbor, Mich .—I have 
bought a piece of land in one part of which 
there are a number of stumps, and have 
just learned that under one of them, I 
don’t which, is a charge of dynamite which 
failed to explode when several others were 
blown out between two and three years 
ago. Is it probable that the dynamite has 
lost its strength, and will there be any 
danger in stirring the soil or working 
around the stumps with a bar? 
Ans. —The authorities which we have 
consulted advise the utmost care in this 
case. They say that under such condi¬ 
tions dynamite sometimes becomes 
harmless, yet it may retain its strength 
for several years, much depending upon 
the condition of soil. The only safe 
plan is to assume that the explosive is 
under the stump where it was put. and 
ready for business at the slightest provo¬ 
cation. Tf you knew just what stump 
the charge was under a sure job could be 
made by blowing it out, but as you do 
not know the particular stump, we see 
no way except to dynamite them all. 
In making holes to insert the charge 
there will be more or less danger. It is 
not advisable to use an iron bar for this 
purpose; a sharp stick is safer, and 
even this would set off the charge in 
case It struck the cap in just the 
right way. However, the danger of this 
is slight, and if you intend to plow the 
ground or remove any of the stumps, 
we should advise some such plan. Of 
course, no one should be allowed to go 
at the job in a careless manner, as few 
men joke more than once with an ex¬ 
plosive of this sort. 
Cotton-Seed Feed for Dairymen. 
I. M. S., Shimerville, Pa.—Will you give 
an analysis of “cotton-seed feed?” The 
dealer said it is a mixture of five pounds 
cotton-seed hulls to one pound of cotton¬ 
seed meal. I am desirous to know whether 
the feed is rich in milk and fat-forming 
elements, and how much dry matter, pro¬ 
tein, carbohydrates and fat it contains to 
the ton. As I am feeding milch cows and 
fattening steers, I am anxious to know 
whether it is profitable as a feed in prefer¬ 
ence to bran at $22 a ton. The feed was 
offered to me at the station at $15.50 a ton 
out of car, or $16 afterwards. 
Ans. —Bulletin No. 28 of the Pennsyl¬ 
vania Station (State College), published 
in 1894, gives a full account of experi¬ 
ments with this feed. It is a mixture 
of one part cotton-seed meal to five 
parts cotton hulls. Seven years ago it 
was offered at $11.50 per ton in carload 
lots. At that time the hulls were sold 
in North Carolina at $3 per ton. The 
value of cotton-seed meal when prop¬ 
erly fed is recognized by many dairy¬ 
men, but the hulls are tough and hard, 
and little if any more digestible than 
oat or wheat straw. It is probable that 
a mixture of cut straw and cotton-seed 
meal would be quito as valuable as this 
cotton-seed feed. The Pennsylvania 
chemists prepared the following table 
to show the cost of digestible food in 
this and other feeds: 
Cost of Digestive Food Per Pound. 
Cents. 
Cotton-seed feed @ $11.50. 1.35 
Timothy hay @ $10. 1. 
Clover hay @ $10. 1.11 
Corn fodder (a) $4. 0.52 
Corn @ $18. Ml 
Gluten meal @ $18. 1.09 
Bran @ $14. 1.22 
Cotton-seed meal @ $26. 1.61 
This method of figuring gives a fair 
comparison. At $16 a ton the cost of a 
pound of digestible food in the cotton¬ 
seed feed would be 1.88 cent. The sta¬ 
tion concluded in 1894 that this feed cost 
too much for the digestible food con¬ 
tained in it, and that it could not com¬ 
pete with ordinary dairy feeds. There 
is not a bit more sense in feeding cotton 
hulls to stock than there is in feeding 
straw or ordinary bedding grass. We 
consider bran at $22 a more economical 
feed than cotton hulls at the price given. 
It is true that large quantities of this 
mixture are fed at the South, but it 
costs much less in that section, and 
there is less suitable roughage of other 
kinds. 
Mute for Drnfll -158 P a K es - 50c. Testimonials 
IIUlo IUI riUlIl free. I. R. PARKY, Parry, N.J. 
December 1 to April 1, Orlando, Fla. 
Best in the World. , 
Non© so low in price. Largest illustrated 
I seed catalogue ever printed, FREE. En-1 
graving of every variety. Price only 1 
cent per pkg, and up. * A lot of extra' 
1 packages, rare sorts, presented FREE 
with every order. Send name and address 
by card or letter. 
- H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois. 
PUBLIC OPINION. 
Note what some of our best fruit-grow¬ 
ers have to say : 
Charles S. Hiss, of Plymouth, Ind., 
writes : Some three years since I bought 
of S. W. Call, Perry, O., quite a quantity 
of fruit trees. They were the finest trees 
that I ever saw, and have done so well 
that a number of them bore this last sea¬ 
son, one apple tree had on 60 nice apples. 
Isaac Wolf, Erie, Pa., writes: The trees 
and shrubbery that I received from S. W. 
Call, Perry, O., were the finest I ev r saw. 
J. P. Hyder, Proctor, W. Va., writes: 
The fruit trees that I received from S W. 
Call were the finest trees, with the best 
roots and finest tops that I ever saw. 
Hundreds of others write the same. 
Call’s Price-List is free to all. 
potatoes— Bovee, Carman, Cobbler, Harvest, 6Weeks 
1 Ohio,Rose,Th’bred.85 kinds. C.W.Ford,Fishers,N.Y. 
DflTATflEQ— Selected Seed. Price-List Free 
lU I H I UCO K. M. MARVIN, Sun, Mich. 
groom Corn Seed, 20c. per qt. Berry Plants cheap. 
Circular free. A. B. Katkamier, Macedon, N.Y. 
Asparagus Roots. —One and two years 
old. Choice Stock from French Seed. 
MATHIS & CARTER, Blackville, 8. C. 
\Af P r> «"| Q— : Supply your ground with 
WU W I CO 9 nitrogen from the air and 
add humus to the soil. This can be done by the use 
of Southern Cow i'eas, which are rec ramended by 
leading agricuitur* 1 papers and Experiment Stations 
for the building up and making profitable of all run¬ 
down soils For sale in large or small quantities at 
wholesale prices. Full particulars as to time and 
method of planting. evM. B. El.LIS, tort Valley, Ga. 
Reference: Central Nat’I Bank, Freehold, N.J. 
HAM D ft III —New strawberry, the flower cf 
uum r mUL ihe world: li berries filled a quart 
box last June. Lixtfree. T. C. Kevitt, Athenia, N. J. 
gend Us List, of the Trees, Plants, etc., you want. 
VJ we'll make you lower-price No. 1 Stock than other 
Durseries. Prudential Orchard Co., Shermansville.Pa 
KJ 
Grape Vines, Seeds. Bulbs and Roses. Catalogue 
free. WILLIAM O. 8NYLER, Mineisville, Pa. 
IsDAVCC New Early Yellow QriAil 
unnvco freestone rcAun 
Prloe list free. W. J. GRAVES. Originator, Perry, O. 
TQCCC | —Wholesale Prices, $1 worth up. Send 
IULLO i to G. C. STONE’S Wholesale Nurseries, 
Dansvllle, N. Y., for 80-pp. Catalogue. Established 
35 years. Secure varieties now; pay in Spring. 
Furnas’ Trees, Plants and Seeds 
are right in price and quality. Early King, Freddie 
and Estes. What are they? Send for our catalogue 
and see. It is free. T. C. Furnas & Co., Sheridan, lnd. 
m 
W' STARK 
SUCCEED WHERE 
Largest Nursery. OTHERS FAIL. 
Fruit Boot Free. Result of 78 years’ experience. 
STARE BROS.. Louisiana, Mo,; Dansville, N.Y 
NORTHERN-GROWN FRUIT TREES 
Best market variet ies. Free from disease. All con¬ 
veniences for packing dealers'orders. My prices as 
iow as the lowest: my stockasgood as the best. Write 
for free catalogue. Instructive: interesting. 
MARTIN WAHL, 351 Gregory St.,Rochester, N.Y. 
Clenwood Nurseries 
Most complete assortment of choice 
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Vines 
Send for Descriptive Illustrated Catalogue. 
THE WM. H. MOON CO., MORR1SVILLK, PA. 
tiO miles from New York; 30 miles from Philadelphia. 
ESTABLISHED 1824. 
H 1 G H - G R A D E 
Carden Seeds 
BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE 
37 East Nineteenth Street, New York 
Descriptive Illustrated Catalogue mailed free 
to all applicants. 
ROGERS TREES ARE SAFE TREES. 
The Tree Breeders. Dansville, N. Y. 
At Whnlacalo Prinoc Weraise Vegetable Seeds, Seed 
HI iIIIUIuJUlC riluCui Potatoes, Farm Seeds, etc., on 
our own Farms, and sell them direct to the planter at Whole¬ 
sale Prices. Catalogue free. Please write for it to-day. Don’t 
delay. JOS. KARRIS CO., WSoreton Farm, Coldwater, N. Y. 
FRUIT 
For more than 83 years we have been growing all kinds and varieties 
of nursery stock. We have reached the point where we can guaran¬ 
tee best stock at lowest prices. Our, 
__ _ _ _ _ _ fruit trees are all budded and wo test var¬ 
ieties right here in the nursery .Send for Large I Hunt ruled Catalog Free. 
6co. A. Sweet Nursery Co., Box 1605, Dansville, N. Y. 
U UI1U7 puiu U VVIICIO WCUdU gUclltALl- 
TREES 
VEGETABLE and FLOWER. Everything in the 
" Nursery and Florlat’n line. Direct deal with us will insure you the best and 
’save yon money. Mall 6lze postpaid, larger by freight or express, safe arrival and satis¬ 
faction guaranteed. Try us. A valuable 168 page Catalog for the asking. 48 years, 
1000acres. 44 greenhouses. 
THE 8TORRS HARRISON CO., Box 186, Palnesvllle. Ohio. 
DURPEE’S SEEDS 
6 Jr NEVER BEFORE have we introduced such SUPERB NOVELTIES of 
unusual merit. Six choicest Vegetables and five finest Flowers are shown 
painted from nature, others illustrated from photographs and all honestly described in 
BURPEE’S FARM ANNUAL for 1902. This "leading American Seed Catalogue” is 
mailed FREE to all who intend to buy. Write to-day, a postal card will do. 
W. ATLEE BURPEE &. CO., Seed Growers, PHILADELPHIA. 
