February 1 
68 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
THE NEW YORK STATE FRUIT GROW¬ 
ERS’ ASSOCIATION. 
Part III. 
Spraying for Second Brood of Codling 
Moth.— Entomologist Slingerland advises to 
do thorough work against the first brood 
of the Codling moth, and there will be no 
second brood. Late spraying may do some 
good in the West where there are even 
more than two broods of that enemy; but 
little effect in reducing the Codling can be 
expected from such late spraying against 
a second brood at the East. 
A Valuable Peach.— The doctors again 
disagreed in regard to the value of Chairs 
peach. Mr. Willard does not grow it, as he 
believes it to be unproductive. Mr. Hale, 
however, pronounces it one of the most 
valuable of all peaches in Maryland and 
undoubtedly in other States. It is about a 
week later than Late Crawford, a good late 
yellow peach, although perhaps not of high¬ 
est quality. Good reports have been re¬ 
ceived concerning this peach from the Hud¬ 
son River Valley and other sections. Mr. 
Hale doubts his ability to give a list of six 
or even five of me best market peaches in 
America without naming Chairs. J. E. Rice 
says it suffered less from rot than other 
sorts. Among the stereopticon views given 
in the evening were baskets of Chairs, 
which seemed to support the reports of its 
great value. 
Peaches on Plum Stocks.— The practice 
of budding peaches on plum stocks has had 
a thorough trial for a series of years—with 
disastrous effects on the peaches thus 
placed on uncongenial feet. The trees seem 
to grow vigorously for a few years, then 
stand still for a while, and finally die. On 
the other hand, plums have done very well 
on peach stocks. 
Best Raspberry.— Among raspberries, the 
Columbia was named as most productive. 
It. is gradually gaining In popularity. Eu¬ 
reka was named as the best blackcap. It 
is juicy, a little soft for shipping and 
scarcely good for evaporation; but most ex¬ 
cellent for home use. The Cumberland was 
well spoken of as “the coming blackcap.” 
Cuthbert is named as the best red rasp¬ 
berry, and Loudon recommended for ex¬ 
posed places. 
Place of Next Meeting.— The next meet¬ 
ing of the State Fruit Growers will be held 
at the regular time in Buffalo. The election 
resulted as follows: L. T. Yeomans, Wal¬ 
worth, president; F. E. Dawley, Fayette¬ 
ville, secretary; Chas. H. Darrow, Geneva, 
treasurer. 
Making Bordeaux Mixture.—How to 
make the Bordeaux Mixture in the proper 
way was practically demonstrated before 
the eyes of the members by Prof. S. A. 
Beach, of the State Experiment Station. 
He prepared the mixture both in the old 
way, by pouring the strong copper sul¬ 
phate solution and the cream of lime to¬ 
gether, and then diluting it with water ac¬ 
cording to the approved formula; and also 
in the proper and newer way by mixing 
and shaking together the two properly di¬ 
luted separate ingredients (copper sulphate 
solution and lime water). The result of 
the old method is a mixture in which the 
copper and lime combination quickly sep¬ 
arates from the clear liquid, and settles to 
the bottom, giving a flaky sediment, while 
in the mixture made by pouring the two 
greatly diluted ingredients together, this 
process of separation or settling progresses 
at a materially slower rate, and probably 
not to the extent as in the other. The 
mixture we prefer is the one which will 
“stand up,” and needs comparatively little 
agitation. A member stated that he has 
found in his practice that It is only neces¬ 
sary to use the lime water much diluted, 
while the copper sulphate solution might 
be added to the weak lime water in full 
strength. The sample made in this way 
by Prof. Beach certainly “stood up” even 
better than any other of the mixtures here 
prepared by him. Prof. Beach still uses 
the ferroc.yanide of potassium test. It does 
not seem quite clear why the authorities 
prefer and recommend this test to the 
simpler and fully as reliable litmus paper 
test. A few strips of litmus paper surely 
belong to the equipment of every modern 
farm, as in many cases we will wish to as¬ 
certain the chemical reaction of some of 
our soils. It is usually most convenient 
to keep the copper sulphate and lime on 
hand in stock solutions. All we will have 
to do is to make a weak lime water, and 
then add the strong copper sulphate solu¬ 
tion. A saturated solution contains three 
pounds of copper sulphate to the gallon of 
water. By using such saturated solution 
it is easy to estimate the exact quantity of 
solution in order to get a certain amount 
of copper sulphate in the mixture. 
Spraying for San Jose Scale.— Prof. W. 
G. Johnson considers whale-oil soap an ef¬ 
fective but somewhat expensive remedy 
for the San Jos6 scale, and disagreeable 
to handle in a large way. It takes two 
pounds of the soap to the gallon of water. 
The solution should be made with hot 
water, and the spraying done just before 
the buds open. In the use of kerosene or 
crude petroleum the exercise of caution is 
necessary, and the application should be 
made at the time already mentioned. At 
the present time crude petroleum must be 
considered best. There are many grades. 
The grade we want should register from 
40 to 45 degrees. It can be sprayed in me¬ 
chanical mixture with water, the propor¬ 
tion necessary being from 20 to 25 per cent 
petroleum. He considers 20 per cent 
promptly applied all that is necessary to 
kill the scales. Spraying must be done at 
least every other year, in some cases every 
year, and as late in the season as it is safe. 
The lime, sulphur and salt remedy used 
in California orchards with success, how¬ 
ever, is believed to be the coming remedy 
on account of cheapness, but as yet it is 
difficult for us to handle when we are not 
used to it. In every case the lime-sulphur- 
salt wash has given better satisfaction 
than any other remedy. The old California 
recipe is as follows: 30 pounds lime, 15 
pounds sulphur, 10 pounds salt. Boil in 60 
pounds of water for from 40 minutes to an 
hour, and apply in a spray. Among nat¬ 
ural enemies of the San Jos6 scale we have 
the Chinese lady beetle; four species of 
small wasps which live on the live scale 
louse; a very small, jet-black native lady 
beetle which feeds on the scale; and the 
Twice-stabbed lady beetle, which is also 
jet-black, and widely distributed. Its larva 
is a black spiny creature. The Chinese 
lady beetle may be a first cousin to our 
own Twice-stabbed member of that family, 
or more likely the very same insect. While 
we hope for relief to be obtained from 
some of these parasites of the San Jos6 
scale it will not do to put too much reli¬ 
ance on it at present. It is impracticable 
for the large eastern orchardist to fumi¬ 
gate his large trees on a commercial scale, 
perhaps even impossible. The apparatus 
is too expensive. It may do where the trees 
are less than 10 feet in diameter. Success 
depends much on “the man behind the 
gun.” Trees should not be drenching wet 
when being fumigated. 
Cover Crops for Orchards.— Prof. John 
Craig, of Cornell, tells of the advantage of 
growing such cover crops in orchards as 
vetch, Crimson clover. Soy beans, etc. Or¬ 
chards thus covered show a larger per¬ 
centage of moisture, and a higher Winter 
temperature in the soil. 
Fruit Rot. —In his talk on plant dis¬ 
eases Prof. F. C. Stewart, Geneva, men¬ 
tions the great injury to plums, cherries 
and peaches done in 1901 by rot (Monilia), 
and states that at Cornell University the 
ammoniacal copper carbonate treatment 
has been used with great success against 
this disease. Three ounces of copper car¬ 
bonate are to be dissolved in ammonia, and 
the liquid diluted with 50 gallons of water, 
then sprayed on the full-grown fruit. A 
question addressed to Prof. Beach brought 
out the fact that the simple solution of 
copper sulphate finds not miich favor in 
his eyes as a fungicide for fruit rot. And 
yet it is a fact, and as such repeatedly re¬ 
ported, that George T. Powell (certainly a 
good authority) has used such a liquid 
(very weak, however), with entirely satis¬ 
factory results against cherry, plum and 
peach rot. 
Apple Canker.— Early and continued 
spraying of the young orchard is recom¬ 
mended as a preventive of Apple canker. 
The disease should be kept out from the 
start. When it has once got a foothold in 
an orchard, it will most likely continue. 
Diseased spots, however, should be cut 
away, diseased bark scraped off, and the 
spots painted with strong Bordeaux Mix¬ 
ture. 
What to Graft on Kieffer.— As the 
best pear to graft on Kieffer, President 
Yeomans recommends the Bose; another 
member says Kieffer; another the ax. The 
old discussions of the value of the Kief¬ 
fer seem to have been transferred from 
the Western New York Society to this 
new organization, but with the Kieffer at 
this time, apparently coming out ahead. 
Mr. Willard has grafted Bose, Winter 
Nelis and Bartlett on Kieffer. He still 
sticks to the Kieffer. From general re¬ 
ports, it seems to appear that the west¬ 
ern New York Kieffer is better than 
Kieffer grown almost anywhere else, even 
at the South. t. greiner. 
All Rural New Yorker readers, wish¬ 
ing to plant trees the coming Spring, 
should send for the instructive and in¬ 
teresting catalogue of Martin Wahl, 
Rochester, N. Y. It is free for the 
asking.— Adv. 
Strawberry Plants 
Choicest new and staplejvaileties, by mall or ex- , 
press, guaranteed to arrive in perfect condition, i 
We refer to many thousands of satisfied patrons i 
during our 25 years as strawberry culturists. Our< 
1902 catalogue contains valuable information and J 
tells about47 choice varieties. Itis authority on J 
the subject. FREE, write for It to-day. 
Jvi. CRAWFORD company, 
Box 1005 Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. 
WW 
B 
!S STRAWBERRIES. 
I want 200,000 people to Bend for the finest plant catalogue 
ever published of strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, 
fine fruit or novelties, currents, grapes, Ac. 16 years in the bus* 
ine68. The most complete strawberry nuraery In America. Send for 
catalogue today. Address, 
D. BRANDT, Box 41? , BREMEN. OHIO. 
“Strawberry Plants that Grow” 
Standard 8orts, f 1.75 to $3 25 per M. Catalogue, 
wltn Cultural Instructions. Free. <’. W. WHITTEN, 
Strawberry [specialist, Bridgman, Mich. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS, XSSEX 
Leading market varieties. List free. Try us and save 
money. A. W. ROOT & BRO., East Petersburg, Pa 
CTQ AWQEQDV Plants that grow; produce fine 
dlnAYYDCnni crops of fruit, true to name- 
Seed Corn. Asparagus Roots, Raspberry and Black¬ 
berry Plants. Cat. lree. J. W. Hall, Marion Sta., Md. 
A A || n|||| —New strawberry, the flower of 
UUIll ■ BUL the world; 6 berries fllied a quart 
box last June. List free. T. C. Kevitt, Athenla, N. J. 
Ctrauihorrino - For earll est and best plant Lady 
Oil dVYUCi I IBS Norwood. For best plant Success. 
I also grow for sale Nick Ohmer. Gandy. Sample and 
Excelsior. All plants from 1901 beds. 
K. W. JENKINS, Dover, Del. 
OTDAU/QCDDV Dl AMTQ 3 Plants choice newvari- 
0 I nAYYDtnn T I LAH I Ugty& beautiful Cat. Itc«. 
Send six or more names fruit growers and 2 cent stamp. 
W. /V, SCARFF, NEW CARLISLE, OHIO. 
I have a large supply of Choice Straw¬ 
berry Plants, and the price Is right. Catalogue free. 
W. S. TODD, Greenwood, Del. 
NEW GRAPE 
—Wonderful McPIKE. Also 
all varieties, new and old. 
81LAS WILSON, Atlantic, la. 
Geo. S. Josselyn 
Fbedonia, N. Y. INTRODUCER OF 
Campbell’s Early.The Best Grape. 
Josanlvn .The Best Gooseberry. 
Fa, . The Best Currant. 
Awarded gold and silver medals at the Pnn-Amerioan. barge 
list of Grape Vi ucs and Small Fruit Plante. Cataloguer i*ec. 
GRAPE VINES 
('nmint». Gooseberries, Black¬ 
berries, Raspberries, Straw¬ 
berries. Price List FREE. 
Send 2c atamp for illustrated descriptive catalog. 
S. HIBBARD CO. Fredonia, N. Y. 
The October Purple Plum 
and Green Mountain Grape 
are among the best fruits ever Introduced. We art 
headquarters for both and have a full assortment 
of other Nursery Stock. A line stock of Shade Trees 
Write for our catalogue before buying a tree of 
any kind. It’s free. 
STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS, New Canaan, Omni. 
PLUM TREES 
A few thousand each of Milton, Whitaker, Wild- 
goose and Duninp, with Newman, Munson. Smiley 
and Cluck as pollinators. Two years on peach, root- 
grafted, at bargain prices in large lots, also a line 
stock of Gonzales and other best hybrid varieties, 
10.000 Citrus Trifoliata or Hardy Orange, for best and 
handsome hedging. No Scale, no Disease , all clean 
stock. One year Japan Walnuts, and two year Japan 
Chestnuts by the 1,000. J. W. KKltR, 
Eastern Shore Nurseries, Denton, Md. 
Premo 
Dewberry 
The earliest, and most, productive 
Blackberry variety. Very large, jet 
black, firm and solid. Crop ripens rap¬ 
idly. Tills is the berry to plant for 
prolit.lVritcutonce for prices and particulars. 
Myer A Son, Brldgcvllle Nurseries, 
Brldgevlllc, Del. 
Asparagus Roots.— One and two years 
old. Choice Stock from French Seed. 
MATHIS & CARTER, Blackville. 8. C. 
Argenteuil Asparagus Roots for sale— 
Grown from Imported Seed. $4 per 1.000 for less than 
5,000, $3.50 for 6,000 or over packed f. o. b. 
E. BEEKMAN, Middletown, N. J. 
PD1UCC New Early Yellow DCAf*U 
lilt A V Ed free stone rCAu 81 
Price list free. W. J. GRAVES, Originator, Perry, O. 
Tnr ro I— Wholesale Prices, $1 worth up. Send 
I fiLLO i toG. C. STONE’S Wholesale Nurseries, 
Dansville, N. Y., for 80-pp. Catalogue. Established 
35 years. Secure varieties now; pay In Spring. 
Furnas’ Trees, Plants and Seeds 
are right In price and quality. Early King. Freddie 
and KBtes. What are they? Send for our catalogue 
and see. It Is free T. C. Furnas & Co., Sheridan, lnd. 
450,000 TREE 
im a ma t msBT EH ^Ihhb 
200 var it*1 1 i n. Also Grapes,Small l- ruitaete.iiest root¬ 
ed 8toek. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants moiled foe 
10c. Dcsc. price list free. LBWI8 UOKsi’H. Fredonia, N. Y« 
FINE NURSERY 
Fruit Land. Free from disease, true to name. We 
have a choice lot of dlllerent varieties of l’eacli 
Trees, Two-Year-Old Kieffer Pear Trees, and As¬ 
paragus Roots. Write for prices Dover Nurseries. 
E. U. ATKINSON. Dover, Del. 
Headquarters for Trees 
Why should we attempt to tell all we 
have to offer when wo have an up-to- 
date catalogue? It Is worth the 
asking. Get It. 
WOOD VIEW NURSERIES. Ii. 100. Uriah, Fa 
THETA VO RITES 
In ail markets are the YORK 
IMPERIAL and BEN DAVIS 
apples. Large yleiders and good 
keepers. We have a large stock of 
fine trees. Thirty five other varie¬ 
ties: Peaches, pears, etc. Send 
for catalogue. HARK180N 8 
NURSERIES, Box 29, Berlin, Md. 
Northern-Grown Fruit Trees. 
Hardy, thrifty and full-grown trees and plants, 
FREE FROM DISEASE. Best market varieties at 
lowest prices. Order direct and save more than 60 
per cent. LARGE ORDERS AT WHOLESALE 
PRICES. All conveniences for packing dealers' 
orders. Large surplus of Apple trees. Write for 
free Catalogue to-day. 
MARTIN WAHL. Rochester, N. Y. 
Anybody can do this by buying 
them direct from our nurseries. 
All kinds and varieties at lowest 
prices. We have 150 acres of 
trees, vines and plauts. We know 
what is needed and we grow it. 
We sell to the same people 
over and over. That will be your 
experience if you give usa trial 
order. Large new illustrated 
catalog free. Write to-dav. 
GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO., Bon 1605, Dansville, New York. 
Save 
Money 
on 
Trees 
FRUIT INSURANCE. 
I guarantee every plant, vine, etc., which I sell to be Strong- 
‘tooted, Healthy, Hardy, Dormant Plants. Raspberry, 
Blackberry, Gooseberry. Currant, Strawberry, etc. All 
fresh dug as shipped—no heeled-instock. New 1902 FREE 
Catalogue contains ull standard and many new varieties. 
ALLEN L. WOOD, Wholesale Grower, Rochester.N.Y. 
Dwyer’s 
Nurseries 
ESTABLISHED 1884. 
Two Hundred Acres devoted to the propagating of Fruit 
and Ornamental Trees and Plants. Landscape Gardening 
and the Beautifying of the Home Grounds our leading 
Specialty. Write noiv for our 72-page Descriptive and Illu¬ 
strated Catalogue. We send it postpaid free on application. 
Ask for any informatiou you are iu need of on hort.culture. 
T. J. DWYER <St SOTV, 
Orange County Nurseries, !5ox 1, Cornwall, N.Y, 
I promise Best Care and Best 
Values, i will Submit Proof 
if you will send for my new catalog. 
If this paper is named will mail you 
FREE a 12-page pamphlet on PEACH CULTURE with my Catalog 
Cayuga Nurseries, Established 1847. H. S. WILEY, Cayuga, N. Y. 
SUCCEED WHERE 
Largest Nursery. OTHERS FAIL. 
1 Book Free. Result of 76 years' experience 
BROS.. Louisiana. Mo.; Dansville, N.Y 
San Jose Scale 
Write for what ex¬ 
perts say about our 
Crude Oil. 
DERRICK OIL COMPANY, Titusville, Pa. Box 52 
ARIEL TENTING CLOTH of tobacco, vege¬ 
tables and market produce. Made especially for the 
purpose in widths of 124,144 and 200 Inches. Orders 
received for early Spring delivery. 
J. H. LANE & CO.. 110 Worth St., N. Y. City. 
Second-hand cloth fused one season) for sale by 
ARIEL MITCHKLSON, Tariflvlfie, Conn. 
Fruit and Ornamental T It lb lb S , 
Grape Vines, Seeds, Bulbs and Roses. Catalogue 
free. WILLIAM 0- SNYDER, Mlnersville, Pa. 
TREES 
S8 PER 100 
—APPLE, PEAR and PLUM, 3 to 5 feet high. 
____ HEALTHY and TRUE TO NAME, best varieties. 
We sell ail kinds’of trees and plants at lowest Wholesale prices. Don’t buy 
until you net our Catalogue, which is free, or send list of wuuts for special 
price. We Fumigate. Address RELIANCE NURSERY. Box 10, Geneva. N V 
ROGERS TREES ARE SAFE TREES 
Fumigated, Inspected. Bred from selected bearing parents. Guarantee of Purity 5 to 1 
Money back if not as rejiresented. The TRE3 BREEDER and prices free for one year if you 
mention The R. N.-Y. Ii R. No. 1. ROGERS ON THE HIL.L, Dansville, N. Y. 
by the wagon load was the selling price 
of Kieffer Pears per 5-8 basket last 
fall. My catalogue free, names prices 
of Pesvr, Peach, CHerry and Ap¬ 
ple Trees. Get one. 
ARTHUR J, COLLINS, Moorestown.N. J. 
