i32 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 22 
A STRONG PLEA FOR DAiHYMEN. 
The Eastern Farmers' Portion. 
„ Part I. 
The National Live Stock Association at 
its last meeting in Chicago opposed the 
Grout anti-oleo bill. One of the strongest 
speeches in support of the bill was made 
by Dr. Leonard Pearson, of Pennsylvania. 
We give it here as one of the best industrial 
arguments for the bill: 
The Grout bill, which proposes to put 
a tax on colored oleomargarine and to 
place the responsibility for the enforce¬ 
ment of this measure upon the Federal 
authorities, is not a bill to interfere with 
the sale of uncolored oleomargarine, the 
poor man’s substitute for butter, nor to 
fax oleomargarine out of existence. It 
is merely, as has been well said, to tax 
the fraud out of oleomargarine, for col¬ 
ored oleomargarine is a fraud; it is col¬ 
ored to imitate butter, so that it may be 
sold as butter to people who want but¬ 
ter, ask for butter and pay for butter. 
It is not colored for any other earthly 
reason. The purpose of the Grout bill 
is not to increase the cost of living, nor 
to prevent the cheapening of the diet of 
the workingman; it will not do this. It 
is to insure the sale of oleomargarine 
for what it is; the workingman who 
wants it will get it cheaper than he will 
if it is colored and sold to him as but¬ 
ter. It is a bill to prevent counterfeit¬ 
ing, to prevent fraud, and nothing more. 
This Association has in the past put 
itself on record as opposed to the Grout 
bill. This action is construed in the 
East as opposition to the dairy industry. 
I happen to belong to four representa¬ 
tive associations of live-stock men in 
Pennsylvania, none of which is a mem¬ 
ber of this Association, and on account 
of the impression that this organization 
is the friend of bull butter as against 
cow butter. The Pennsylvania Breeders’ 
Association, the Pennsylvania Dairy 
Union and the Pennsylvania Jersey Cat¬ 
tle Club have not joined with you for 
this reason. The Pennsylvania Guern¬ 
sey Breeders’ Association was a member 
and withdrew after your hostile action 
on the Grout bill last year. All that the 
dairy farmers of the East want is pro¬ 
tection against unfair, dishonest compe¬ 
tition. Many States have endeavored to 
protect themselves against this fraud by 
the enactment of State laws, but in 
every State the enforcement of these 
laws is difficult by virtue of their lack 
of uniformity among the States, and on 
account of their failure to apply to orig¬ 
inal packages in interstate trade. Only 
a Federal statute can cover the ground 
fairly, and one is sorely needed. 
Perhaps you do not realize the condi¬ 
tions that the eastern farmer is working 
under. There was a time not so long 
ago, when the beef, mutton and pork 
used in the cities of the East were pro¬ 
duced on eastern farms. Farm land was 
worth from $75 to $200 per acre. Then 
came a time when the Government, with 
the cordial approval of these eastern 
farmers, gave to settlers in the West 
virgin, fertile farms, or sold such farms 
for nominal prices. Great railroau sys¬ 
tems built lines into these new regions 
and carried their products to the East 
at rates proportionately lower than were 
charged the eastern farmer. It became 
impossible for the eastern farmer to 
compete successfully in the meat and 
grain markets with the western farmer, 
encouraged in effect by governmental 
and corporate subsidy, and so the busi¬ 
ness of meat and grain production has 
been relinquished to the West. In the 
free use of public lands, the beef cattle 
and the sheep industries are still receiv¬ 
ing enormous governmental subsidies 
in comparison with which the subsidy 
asked for ocean steamships is a mere 
bagatelle. This is the sort of competi¬ 
tion that confronts the eastern farmer; 
competition as strong as ever confront¬ 
ed and crushed out an industry, compe¬ 
tition keener than hau to be met by the 
rivals of the Standard Oil Company. : 
But agriculture in the East is not crush¬ 
ed, far from it, and largely because it is 
sustained by dairying. It is true that 
farm lands have lost more than 50 per 
cent of their value, and that good luO- 
acre and 200-acre farms may be bought 
for the cost of their fences and build¬ 
ings, and that there is a constant migra¬ 
tion from farms to towns; but there are 
still as many and as good farms and 
farmers in Pennsylvania as ever, and all 
are making a living and are educating 
their children. That the present mea¬ 
sure of success is possible is due more 
to dairying than to any other thing. 
Ration for Milch Cows. 
Will you give me the best ration under 
these conditions for milch cows? Hay is 
worth $9 a ton (Timothy or grain hay, oats, 
barley and wheat cut green); bran, $13 a 
ton; shorts. $20; oats, $16; oil cake, five 
cents a pound. I have plenty of mangels 
and carrots to feed. I am getting $1.60 per 
100 pounds for milk at barn. f. g. 
Kalispell, Mont. 
F. G. should be able to make up a very 
satisfactory ration by feeding plenty 
of hay and mangels. Those offer the 
cheapest rough food that you mention, 
and mangels or carrots are excellent 
food for dairy cattle. A 1,000-pound cow 
can be fed 30 pounds of mangels or car¬ 
rots with hay to great advantage. Of 
the concentrated foods given, bran offers 
the best choice and the cheapest, with 
oats second. I can’t understand the 
price on oil meal being so high, even in 
Montana. I have on my desk postal 
card quotations from Chicago, dated 
January 29, listing oil meal in one ton 
lots at $28.50 f. o. b., or $28 in carload 
lots. The freight to Montana and a lib¬ 
eral commission should not make oil 
meal extravagantly high, as F. G. quotes 
it. Oil meal is a valuable feed for dairy 
cattle, and one should be able to pay 
close to two cents a pound for it, and 
feed with profit. According to the feeds 
you have available, I should feed a cow 
in good average milk flow, about eight 
pounds per day of a mixture of half 
bran and half ground oats, and if oil 
meal could be purchased at a reasonable 
price, would add a pound or so a day of 
this. Then hay and roots can make up 
the remainder of the ration. 
c. s. PLUMB. 
Promoting Farmers’ Institutes.—As the | 
farmers’ institutes throughout the country 
are now going the rounds, perhaps some of 
the readers of The R. N.-Y. would be in¬ 
terested in what the farmers of Warren 
Co., Pa., are doing for^ the advancement of 
institute work. One year ago last Febru¬ 
ary, at one of our State institutes held in 
the county, an organization was formed 
called the Farmers’ and Breeders’ Associa¬ 
tion of Warren County, each member to be 
assessed 50 cents annually, the money thus 
raised to be used in defraying the expenses 
of institutes to be held in the county. We 
have held two Institutes since the organiza¬ 
tion was formed. The Association is slowly 
gaining in membership. We hope in a few 
years to be able to hold two or three insti¬ 
tutes each year. l. d. 
Lander, Pa. 
For close skimming and 
r quiet and easy running the 
National Hand Separator has no 
equal among hand separators. We are 
ready to prove this at your home by 
sending a 
NATIONAL 
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anywhere on 10 days’ free trial, to be 
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at once at our expense. Prices aston 
ishingly low. For particulars, write to 
NATIONAL DAIRY MACHINE CO. 
Newark, N. J. 
rite to 
A $4.75 Free Premium 
for the month of February will be 
given to every purchaser of 
Superior Cream Extractor. 
Farmers and dairymen indorse it 
Because It separates the cream quick¬ 
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not mix water and milk together; be¬ 
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'Sticulars In regard to our Great Febru¬ 
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Co.,184 Grand River A ve.,Detroit,Mich I 
THE 
U. S. SEPARATOR 
DOES 
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Miss. Agricultural and 
Mech. College. 
Agricultural Coll. Miss. 
Dec. 31 , 1901 . 
The Separator (U. S.) has done 
perfect work. 
J.S. MOORE, 
Acting Instructor. 
REMEMBER 
IT RECEIVED 
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Buy the U. S. and have 
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