THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
March 8 
174 
Live Stockand Dairy 
KEEPING ICE AND ICE HOUSES. 
I have just finished filling up my ice 
house for the eighteenth time in this 
locality, but it is 34 years since 1 filled 
my first house in a former home. For a 
few years past I have not seen the bot¬ 
tom of this present house. Every Win¬ 
ter there has been some old stock left 
at the bottom, which has not been re¬ 
moved. And in all these years I have 
lost no ice except the first year, when 
the stock played out in a month after 
the warm weather began. At first I sup¬ 
posed that there would be some melting 
of the ice, and leakage of water at the 
bottom, and I made a drain in the bot¬ 
tom of the house, to carry off this water. 
This was the fatal error. Since then I 
have had no drain at the bottom, mak¬ 
ing this airproof, and proof as well 
against warmth by a sufficient thick¬ 
ness of dry sawdust. To avoid any es¬ 
caping water from the ice 1 have always 
had the bottom dry and airtight. It 
will be very clear that if water can es¬ 
cape from the bottom of the ice, under 
any circumstances, air can get into it, 
and where air can go heat will. My 
present ice house is cemented on the 
bottom, and has two feet in depth of 
sawdust on it. If any of the ice should 
melt at the sides, and water should 
trickle down, this floor will absorb it. 
But no such thing has happened so far. 
After the floor, there must be an equally 
safe covering at the sides to prevent ac¬ 
cess of moving air. 1 say, moving air, 
for wherever air moves, a current is set 
up. and outside air will enter. Air en¬ 
tering in the Summer will be warm, and 
will melt the ice; the water flowing from 
it will help the air, and a few days of it 
will waste a house full of ice. 
The cause of the melting of the ice in 
the case presented by L. W. Ruth, page 
83, was evidently the entrance of air at 
the sides of the mass of ice, and this for 
these reasons. The air entering at the 
sides near the top would melt the ice 
with which it came in contact, and as 
the melting made a space for the air to 
spread in, and the air could not sink 
down for the reason to be given, it 
spread over the top gradually, reaching 
from the sides to the center. In this 
course, necessarily, the ice would melt 
from the sides to the top, forming a 
cone-shaped surface. The air could do 
nothing else, for being warmer than the 
ice it came in contact with, as well as of 
the mass of ice under it, it could not 
help but rise, for warm air must rise, 
being lighter than cold air. Under these 
circumstances nothing else but this 
could possibly happen. From my ex¬ 
perience with ice and ice houses, 1 
should say that the sawdust between 
the ice and the wall was not firmly 
packed by ramming down as the ice was 
packed. A little hole in one of the out¬ 
side covering boards of an ice house, or 
a crack in one of them, and either of 
these connecting with a space in the 
sawdust packing, will start a leak which 
will increase in ability to melt the ice. 
It may be well to repeat the primary 
conditions for keeping ice, which are so 
simple and easily understood, that the 
mere mention of them will be sufficient. 
Cut the ice on a cold dry day, in 
blocks of even size so that they will 
pack together closely. Have the house 
well dried by opening it to the winds, 
on a few cold days. Have a foot of dry 
sawdust on the bottom. Have the bot¬ 
tom perfectly airtight; have no drains 
opening into it. Make the house with 
single walls if you like, but batten them 
well. Pack the ice in the house, leaving 
10 inches of space between the ice and 
the wall; this space is filled with dry 
sawdust well tramped and packed down. 
As the ice is packed in, keep sweeping 
the dust of it into the cracks, leaving no 
loose fragments on the surface to make 
air spaces. The ice should be as solidly 
packed as possible. When the ice is all 
in, cover it with two feet at least of dry 
sawdust. Leave the top of the house 
open at the gables, for a current of air 
to pass freely over the sawdust for what¬ 
ever evaporation may escape from this 
will cool it, and so aid in the safety of 
the ice. The roof must be rainproof. 
It is well to have the blocks of ice cut 
in sizes proportionate as two to three; 
thus 16x24 or 12x18, for when these are 
crossed they close whatever spaces 
might happen to be left between the 
blocks. Two years ago 1 visited the ice 
houses at the stock yards at Chicago, 
which are, of course, necessarily as 
nearly perfect as possible, and the 
methods there followed were precisely 
these with nothing added. I know of no 
other scientific principles implicated in 
this matter, which can afford any help 
to these simple propositions. 
HENRY STEWART. 
Moke Ice House Talk.— In answer to 
L. W. Ruth, page 83, the studding in my 
third plan was the same width as the 
sills and plates, and was placed square 
upon and under the same, so that there 
really was a dead air space between all 
the studding. Don’t for a moment un¬ 
derstand me that any ice house can be 
built whereby the ice will not melt more 
or less on all sides, for it will. I cer¬ 
tainly do not object to placing sawdust 
or tan between the ice and inside lining 
of ice house, provided it does not take 
too much time when filling. When a 
person employs 10 or more men to put 
in his ice he does not want too many 
things in the way; good ice weather and 
conditions are sometimes scarce. To¬ 
morrow it may rain or snow, or a neigh¬ 
bor has arranged for my help. As warm 
weather approaches, all ice that is stored 
needs attention by going up on it and 
sifting sawdust down the sides, as more 
or less waste takes place. I find in my 
present ice house, fourth plan, where 
there are three ceilings, two linings of 
paper, and a wide and very narrow air 
chamber, that directly opposite the 
three-foot door, where the ice is put in 
and the short boards are placed one 
above another, leaving a space of about 
one foot which is filled with sawdust, 
the ice keeps much better; hence, I 
recommend building small ice houses 
with a filling of from eight to 12 inches 
or sawdust between the two inside par¬ 
titions, leaving the width of frame an 
air chamber. s. j. b. 
Orange Co., N. Y. 
The little child is safe from ordinary 
dangers in the care of the faithful dog. 
But neither the dog’s fidelity, nor the 
mother’s love can guard, a child from 
those invisible foes that lurk in air, 
water and food—the germs of disease. 
Children need to be specially watched 
and cared for. When there is loss of 
appetite, lassitude and listlessness in a 
child, an attempt should be made to re¬ 
vive the appetite and rally the spirits. In 
Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery 
parents have found an invaluable medi¬ 
cine for children. Its purely vegetable 
character and absolute freedom from 
alcohol and narcotics commend it to 
every thoughtful person. It is pleasant 
to the taste, unlike the foul oils and 
their emulsions offered for children’s 
use. « Golden Medical Discovery ” makes 
f >ure blood and sound flesh, and abso- 
utely eliminates from the system the 
poisons which feed disease. 
Mrs. Ella Gardner, of Waterview, Middlesex 
Co., Va., whose daughter suffered from malarial 
poisoning and catarrh, writes: "My little 
daughter is enjoying splendid health. 1 am glad 
I found a doctor who could cure my child. She 
took twelve bottles of the * Golden Medical Dis¬ 
covery,’ eight bottles of’ Pellets,’ and one bottlo 
of Dr. Sage's Catarrh Remedy, and she is well. 
We thank God for your medicines.” 
Give the little ones Dr. Pierce’s Pleas¬ 
ant Pellets when a laxative is needed. 
They're easy to take and don’t gripe. 
E GGS from Thoroughbred Bar. Wh. Bull Rocks, Br. 
Wh. Buff Leghorns, Gold, Wh. Buff Wyandottes, 
Langshans, Cochins, Minorcas, Hamburgs. Brahmas, 
15, $1; 40, $2. Catalog. H. K. Mohr, Quakertown, Pa. 
250 Cookerels, Hens and Pullets. W. & Bd. Rocks, 
W. & Br. Leghorns, W. Wyandottes, Pearl Guineas. 
Eggs, 81 for26. Mrs. J. P. HELL1NGS, Dover, Del. 
BELGIAN HARES. You run no risk in buying 
Hares of me, as every one will be shipped subject to 
approval if desired. Fancy and Utility Strains. 
ISAAC C. CLARK, Penn Yan, N. Y. 
JACKS FOR SALE. 
An extra fine lot of .Tacks; all premium Jacks. 
All stock delivered free aboard cars at city of In¬ 
dianapolis. Ind. Address 
BAKER’S JACK FARM. Lawrence, Ind 
POULTRY 
AND 
CATTLE 
cannot he kept healthy unless they 
are protected from draughts and damp¬ 
ness. Cover the houses and barns with 
RUBEROID 
TRADE-MARK REGISTERED 
ROOFING 
which Is waterproof and air-tight. You 
can lay ltyourself without trouble. Never 
leaks. Never melts The first roofs cov ¬ 
ered with It 10 years ago, are still giving 
perfect satisfaction. Costs little. Send 
for Booklet K. 
THE 
Standard Paint Company, 
Dept. K, 
100 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK 
**i made it 
with 
BOWIKER’S 
Animal Meal / 9 
which supplies the material 
to make eggs with. Bowkrr’i 
Animal Meal makes more eggs 
and larger eggs. Enough for ten 
hens, J months, 81.00; four times 
as much, 82.25. Booklet “The 
Egg,” and testimonials, free. 
THE BOWKER CO. 
Dept. No. 7, 
48 Chatham Street, 
Host on. 
Mass. 
Grand for Chickens. 
Our hens and pullets were fed Bowker's Animal 
Meal with their mixed food, and gave us eggs all 
Winter, cold as it was. In the Spring we fed it to 
young chicks and it was astonishing to see how rap¬ 
idly they grew and feathered out. It is grand food 
for chickens. Benjamin Hai.e. 
Bridgeport, Ind. 
EGGS 
—Fertility guaranteed. By the sit¬ 
ting or hundred. 23 varieties of 
prize-winning land and water 
fowls. Big catalog free. Our guarantee means some- 
t hing. PINE TREE FARM, Box T, Jamesburg, N.J 
Rhode Island Reds 
CVPI IICIUCI V —“The Business Farmers’ 
CAULU vl V CL I I Fowl Stock and Eggs for 
sale. C. A. WHITNEY, Upton, Mass. 
R | Pude—Farm-raised, hardy and prolific. For 
. 1. lltuo eggs to hatch at (i cents each, send to 
Walter Sherman, 25 Boulevard, Middletown, R. I. 
S. C. White Leghorns. A heavy Winter 
laying strain. Cockerels and pullets $1 each. Eggs 
75 cents per 13, $4 per 100. 
ZIMMER BROS., Weedsport, N. Y. 
Rhode Island Reds 
-Persistent Winter 
__ Layers. From 31 
1299 Eggs in 3 Mos. puilets 318 eggs In 
November; 499 In December; 482 in January. 1 have 
a strain of layers and will carefully select sittings 
of 13 at $1.50 each. 
H. L, GIFFORD Hornellsville, N. Y. 
LIGHT BRAHMAS 
els and 50 pullets for sale at reasonable prices. Also 
25 B. P. R. cockerels. All bred from Madison Square 
Garden winners. Eggs for hatching from Light 
Brahmas. Barred P. Rocks and W. Wyandottes $2 
per 15. Woodcrest Farm, Rifton, Ulster Co., N. Y. 
D oes it pay?,k.k 
hogs, horses, and poultry to become in¬ 
fested with Uee, fleas, etc., when a few 
•enta spent for Lambert’s Deuthto Lice will 
kM» them clean and healthy. Trial box 10c prepaid. 
»•&&«. D. J. LAMBERT, Box 307, AppODtug.R.I. 
IDELITY FOOD KL 
FOR Y0IIN8 
CHICKS, 
I Used everywhere by practical poultrymen and 
specialist fanciers with unfailing success. Insures 
! perfect health and promotes rapid growth. Price, 
85 lbs., *1.25; 60 lbs., $2.00: 100 lbs., $8.60. 
FIDELITY FOOD FOR FOWLS 
forgetting birds Into highest show condition; for 
maximum egg production; for keeping fowls free 
from disease. Price same as F. F. for Y. C. 
The Famous Fidelity Food is for sale by Poultry 
J Supply Dealers throughout the world and by the 
IPfnelandl.A B.Co.SolcMfrg., Boi P.Jamegbmt.NJ. 
LAID 527 KlitiS IX SO DAYS. Sei 400. 
‘20 HENS Hatched 896. Lout none. PulleU 
^^iaving In 97 days.” That’s the record of 
WLEE’S EGG MAKER 
Jt 'Made only of pure granulated blood, and 
spices, roots and herbs. Big’iH lb. box, 26c, 26 lb. pail 
$2. Costs H ct. per feed for 26 hens. Lice and Mites 
areeasilyde I CC»C I IPC Fll | PR A liquid.—-It 
stroyed with LLL 0 LIOL MLLLfl is simply 
sprinkled on roosts. No handling, labor or bother. Qt. 
35c;gal. $1. Sold by 15,000dealers. Write for 32 page 
catalog of best Poultry and Stock supplies. 6K0- H. 
UJK t«.. Omaha, Neb., orCYPIIKBS IXC. CO., Buffalo, N. t. 
! 
DON’T SET HEHS ~ff 
100 F.gg Hatcher Costs Only $8. Orer 64,000 In um. lOOOd. 
teffl*. flOOO Agents wanted for 1902.either »«x. Ple*a*nt work. Bif 
proflU.C»Ulo*and 1 ()• Eirr Formula FRKRlfyon wrlUtoday 
Natural lien Incubator Co,, B 184 Colombo*, Mk, 
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TAR INCUBATORS 
Wc will send free on request our illustrated cata¬ 
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Star Incubator Co., Bound Brook, N.J., or 38 VeseySt., H.Y. 
PERFECT VENTILATION IS ESSENTIAL 
to successful incubation, and is found O.W,Y 1 
in BLAIK8V1I-LKIKCUIUTOUS, the leading high- I 
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he BLAIKSVILLK INCUBATOR CO. 
77 North Wire t. Klnlravllle. Pa. 
J 
Incubators From 8600 Pp - 
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Fully Warranted. Free Catalogue. 
I* A. BANTA, Ligonier, Ind. 
200-Egg Incubator 
for $ 12* 80 , 
Perfect in construction and 
aotion. Hatches eyery fertile 
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SE0. H. STAHL, Quincy, III. ' 
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Sis Moines Inc.Co. Bi 
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PINELAND 
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Ififil—THEY LED THEN 
1902 
THAT’S ALL ■ 
Concise Catalogue from 
PINELAND INCUBATOR AND BROODER CO., 
Box P, Jamesburg. N, J., U. S, A. 
CYPHERS INCUBATOR, 
World’s Standard Hatcher. 
Used on 26 Gov. Experiment Station* 
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Gold medal and highest award at 
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Ask nearest offleef or book No. 101 
CYPHERS INCUBATOR COMPANY, 
Sutnslu, N. Y,, Chicago, 111., Boston, Hass., Mew York, N. Y. 
CALIFORNIA RED WOOD 
Twelve ounce cold rolled copper 
tanks; hydro-safety lampB; climax 
.safety heater-.corrugated wafer reg¬ 
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'the Sure Hatch Incubators hatch sure. 
(Common Sense Brooders take good care 
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cork and is full of honest poultry Information You ought to have 
L Let us send it to you. Write at once, addre-siug nearest houee. 
lure Hatch lncubatorCo.,Clay Center,Neb.,or Columbus,0. 
r because they 
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cut bone and get eggs when 
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HUMPHREY 
Green Bone and Vegetable Cutter 
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perfectly satisfied. Catalogue free. 
HUMPHREY & SONS, Box 39, Joliet,lit. 
Bales Agents—Joseph Breck & Sons, 
Boston, Mass.; Johnson & Stokes, Phil¬ 
adelphia; Griffith & Turner Co., Balti¬ 
more; Sure Hatch Incubator Co., 
Clay Center, Neb.; E. J. Bowen, A 
Portland, Oregon; Seattle, 
Wash., and San 
Francisco. 
