THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 15 
188 
it L' 
Farmers’ Club. 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to In¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether It is not answered In 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Barn Walls with Air Space. 
J. 0. B., Clyde, N. Y —Will some one who 
has had experience In building a barn wall 
with a dead-air space, by using tile in the 
wall or by any other way to make a wall 
frost-proof, tell me how It was done? If 
by using tile state the kind, size and how 
many should be used in a wall 60 feet long, 
nine feet high and two feet wide. 
Ans. —I have no experience in build¬ 
ing a basement wall with air space. 
There is no way of building an air space 
that I could suggest except to build a 
double wall; that is, two thin walls, 
looking carefully that no one stone is 
large enough to pass completely through 
the wall; then plaster the inside of the 
wall, finishing with whitewash. Put in 
a system of ventilation and the wall will 
not become frosty. h. e. c. 
Plank or Cement Floors. 
TV. E. B., Middlebury, N. Y —I am about to 
rig over my horse barn with the view of 
using it jointly for horses and cows. The 
building is 24 x 40. To put in a new plank 
floor, lining it with inch boards, will call 
for the equivalent of 3,000 feet of boards, 
which at $12.50 per 1,000 feet would cost 
$37.50. I have the idea that a cement floor 
over the entire building would be the thing. 
Can you give me approximately the cost of 
such a floor? Cement is worth here 85 cents 
a bag, sand can be had for the drawing; 
first-class masons charge $2.50 per day. The 
soil beneath the building is sandy loam 
mixed with clay; drainage good; plenty of 
stones near at hand should they be required 
on top of ground before spreading the ce¬ 
ment. How thick ought the cement 
to be on top of the ground or pounded 
stones? I have an idea of my own regard¬ 
ing the expense of putting in such a floor 
but would like the judgment of some one 
who has had actual experience in the mat¬ 
ter. Under the above conditions would you 
put in plank or cement floors? 
Ans. —By all means build cement. If 
you finish up a nice job, the expense will 
be 10 to 20 per cent greater than plank 
at prices current in New York State. Get 
a mason who is familiar with handling 
hydraulic cements, and work with him, 
having first a clear-cut idea of what you 
want Use the cheaper cements for 
foundation work, and hydraulic cements 
for surface finish oh a solid earth foun¬ 
dation, using small stone in part with 
first coat. Read articles in R. N.-Y., is¬ 
sue of December 28 and January 3. Has 
not the questioner underestimated the 
cost of plank? I live in a lumber-pro¬ 
ducing section, but good sound plank 
will cost $14 per 1,000, to which must be 
added cost of hauling. He also fails to 
figure the value of under joists or mud¬ 
sills that will cost nearly as much as 
the plank. The labor will be greater 
with the cement. Wholesale price of do¬ 
mestic Portland Is about $1.75 per bar¬ 
rel, while the cheaper grades are pur¬ 
chasable from 60 cents to $1 per barrel. 
Buy cements, however, in sacks. 1 
should say that this floor could be fin¬ 
ished for $75 cash outlay, h. e. cook. 
Bordeaux Mixture Without Lime 
A. B. H., Westminster, Mass. —Will you tell 
me If It is absolutely necessary that lime 
should be used with sulphate of copper In 
order to have It effective against fungus 
diseases In spraying? It makes the plunger 
of the syringe work much harder where It 
Is used. 
Ans. —It is not necessary to use lime 
with copper sulphate, in order to have it 
effective against fungous diseases. The 
copper sulphate and not the lime is the 
fungicide, but copper sulphate alone can¬ 
not be used strong enough on foliage of 
plants, without injury, and be of much 
value as a fungicide. Hence, lime is 
used to prevent injury. Other sub¬ 
stances, such as Babbitt’s potash, Lewis 
lye or other makes of concentrated lyes, 
and even ammonia, can be used with 
copper sulphate to neutralize it, and 
thus prevent injury to the foliage. Cop¬ 
per sulphate solution alone can be used 
on plants just before the buds open 
without injury, but is easily washed off 
by rains, hence it is considered more 
economical to use lime with it even on 
dormant plants, as the latter aids in 
making copper sulphate adhere to the 
surface. The New Jersey Experiment 
Station has found that the use of soda 
lyes as neutralizing agents gave just as 
good a fungicide as did the use of lime. 
This soda-Bordeaux has been tested at 
Hope Farm and reported upon in Tiie 
R. N.-Y. The advantage of soda lyes 
over lime in the preparation of Bordeaux 
Mixture lies in the fact that, if properly 
prepared, it does not clog the nozzles. It 
has the disadvantage of being more ex¬ 
pensive than lime, and for this reason 
has not been generally adopted, espe¬ 
cially where a large amount of spraying 
is done and strong pumps are used. Soda 
and potash lyes can be bought of local 
dealers in cans of about one pound each. 
The formula as given by the New Jer¬ 
sey Experiment Station is: Lewis lye, 
14 ounces; copper sulphate, 29 ounces; 
water, 20 gallons. The lye should be 
dissolved in one-half the water required, 
the copper sulphate in the other half, 
and the two poured together as in the 
preparation of lime-Bordeaux. In a re¬ 
cent report the above Station recom¬ 
mends the use of a small amount of lime 
in the preparation of soda-Bordeaux. 
The formula is: Soda lye, one pound; 
copper sulphate, three pounds; lime, five 
ounces, and water, 30 gallons, the 
method of preparation being the same as 
in the former. The object of using the 
small amount of lime is to prevent the 
soda-Bordeaux forming a brown precipi¬ 
tate, which settles and interferes in 
spraying nearly as much as tne lime. 
Many of the disadvantages of lime in 
Bordeaux Mixture can be overcome by 
the proper preparation of the lime, to¬ 
gether with the use of good apparatus. 
Unslaked lime is variable in quality. In 
order to have it of uniform texture for 
plastering, builders require that it should 
be slaked at least three weeks before 
being used, which permits much of the 
grit becoming slaked. If the same pre¬ 
caution is used in preparing lime for 
Bordeaux Mixture, and at the same time 
if it is strained through fine gauze when 
used, instead of old linty fertilizer bags, 
there will be much less trouble with 
clogging of nozzles. People who spray 
regularly to control fungous diseases do 
not bother with syringes and atomizers, 
instead they use good strong force 
pumps, together with a good make of 
nozzle. If it be a Vermorel nozzle, one 
similar to the Deming should be used, 
which has a cap with a carefully ground 
opening of medium size. f. a. sirrine. 
All Rural New Yorker readers, wish¬ 
ing to plant trees the coming Spring, 
should send for the instructive and in 
teresting catalogue of Martin Wahl, 
Rochester, N. Y. It is free for the 
asking.— Adv. 
FRUIT INSURANCE. 
I guarantee every plant, vine, etc., which I sell to be Strong* 
fresh dug aa shipped—no heeled-in stock. New 1902 FREE 
Catalogue contains all standard and many new varieties. 
»oted v Healthy, Hardy, Dormant Plants. Raspberry. 
fimta.korpv. I'npi-.nt Htp.wknm .4. All 
ALLEN L. WOOD, Wholetali Grower, Rochester,*.!, 
Geo. S. Josselyn 
Fbxdonia, N.Y. INTRODUCER OF 
Campbell’. Early .The Beat Grape. 
Josselyn .The Beat Gooseberry. 
Fay .The Best Currant. 
Aw.rdcrt gold and iilrer medals at the Pan-Amerlean. L.rge 
list of Grape Vines and Small Fruit Plants. Catalogue Free. 
FLANT8. C. C. NASH 
CHianUCll J Three Rivers, Mich. 
Raspberry Plants, 40 varieties, in 1,12,100 lots. 
Sold $150,000 worth of fruit from his farms last 
season. If you want monev-makirg trees and plants 
of any kind, better get hold of the Hale stock and 
methods. Free Catalogue. Address 
J. H. HALE, South Glastonbury, Conn. 
Eldorado Blackberry Plants. 
Absolutely pure and true to name. Cash paid. 
State price per 1,000 and number for sale. Address 
P. O. Box 227, North Collins, N. Y. 
Raspberry Plants. 
50,000 Columbian No. 1 Raspberry Plants, $5 per 
1,000; Gregg, $4 per 1,000. Cash with order from un¬ 
known parties. Have been in the business 20 years; 
will give reference. J. K. MICKELSKN, Rural De¬ 
livery No. 3, Geneva, N. Y 
^ Healthy Trees 
Full of health and vigor. Strong 
and well rooted. Our trees get 
more manure, care and cultivation 
than some nurserymen think profit¬ 
able. It does pay—our stock gives 
satisfaction. 
We make a specialty of hardy or¬ 
namental trees and plants—have 
one of the largest and finest stocks 
in this country. Highest grade 
only. 
Send four cents for our big, useful, 
descriptive catalogue No. 4. It is 
honest and accurate Ask us for 
horticultural information—we are head¬ 
quarters. 
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS 
Germantown, Phila., Pa 
Trees 
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Ornamental 
Trees, Evergreens and Shrubs, Shade 
Trees, Hardy Roses, Hardy Plants, 
Climbers, etc.,including thcNew Hardy Yel¬ 
low Rose, Colden Sun iSoleil d'Or) and 
beautiful New Cut leaved Elder. 
Descriptive Catalogue (Edition 1901) with colored 
illustration of the new Rose and Elder on request. 
Ellwanger & Barry 
ML Hope Nurseries, ROCHESTER, N.Y. 
Established over 60 years* Mention this publication. 
Don’t Be Late 
October Purple Plum and Green Moun¬ 
tain Grapevines are going. Send in your 
order early before stock is exhausted. 
We also have a full assortment of other 
Nursery Stock, Fruit, Forest and Orna¬ 
mental Trees, Shrubs, Small Fruits, 
Roses, Asparagus, etc. Send for our free 
catalogue. Address 
STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS, 
New Canaan, Conn. 
GRAPEVINES 
100 Varletlea. Also Small Fro lta» Trees, Ac* Beet Root¬ 
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c. 
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS BORSCH, Kredonia, N. Y. 
PEDIGREED PEACH TREES o o 
New Fruits and Berries—Low Prices. 
Everything for the Fruit Grower. Catalogue FREE 
LINDSLEY’8 NUKSKRIES, Whitehouse, N.J. 
ASPARAGUSiROOTS 
1 have several thousand excellent Barr's Mammoth 
to spare at $1 per 1.000; 75c. per 100. No rust here. 
(’. C. CHURCHILL. Route 5. Dowagiac. Mich. 
GRAPE VINES 
Currant*, Gooseberries, Black¬ 
berries, Raspberries, Straw¬ 
berries. Price List FREE. 
Send 2c stamp for illustrated descriptive catalog. 
T. S. HUBBARD CO. Fredonla, N. Y. 
If it’s trees yon want write for free Catalogue of 
MARTIN WAHL, Rochester, N. Y. 
THIS BOX °*3 -tu,; iK;-’ 1 $5.00. 
200 Choice Strawberry Plante, 6t tarieties. 
84 Beet Currants and Gooseberries, 7 varieties. 
118 Red and Black Raspberries, 4 varieties. 
77 Finest New Blackberries, 4 varieties. 
12 Grape Vines, Red, White and Blue , 4 varieties. 
This fine collection provides fresh fruit on your table from MAy 
10th to Nov. 1st Will plant about ^ o fan acre of ground. Why 
not interest your boys and girls In profitable horticulture? Itls 
worth many times its cost. Our beautiful free catalog tells aboutit. 
W. N. SCARFF, NEW CARLISLE, O. 
SEEDS, PLANTS, 
Rosen, Bulbs, Vines, 
Shrubs, Fruit and Orna¬ 
mental Trees. The best 
' 48 years test. 1000 acres. 
in Hardy Roses, 44 
Greenhouses of Plants and 
Everblooming Roses. Mail 
size postpaid, safe arrival 
guaranteed. Try us, our 
goods will please you and 
direct deaf will save you 
money. Valuable 168-pags 
Catalogue Free. 
THE STORKS <fc HARRISON CO., 
BOX 192 PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 
EVERGREENS 
Largest stock In Amer¬ 
ica, including 
Colorado Blue Spruee 
and Douglas Spruce 
of Colorado, 
Also, Ornamental, 
Shade and Forest Trees, 
Tree Seeds, Etc. 
B. DOUGLAS’ SON8, 
Waukegan, Ill. 
SPECIAL'PRICES 
On the following Nursery Stock : Peach, 
Apple, Plum, Pear and Cherry Trees, 
Asparagus Roots and California Privet. 
Send list of wants, for prices and 1902 
Catalogue. C. A. BENNETT, Pro¬ 
prietor of the Robbinsville Nurseries, 
Robbinsville, N. J. 
Peaches. 
I. S. Hurlbert, one of our best peach 
growers, of Lake Co., O., says: “Of all 
the varieties of peaches that I have ever 
seen, there is none that compares with 
the ARCTIC in hardiness. They have 
never failed to produce a full crop of 
nice, large yellow free-stone peaches, 
each season, since the trees were large 
enough to bear, and during that* time 
all other varieties have failed several 
seasons.” 
These peaches can be obtained only 
from Call’s Nurseries, Perry, O. 
FRUIT 
letles right here inthe nursery. S< 
For more than 33 years we have been growing all kinds and varieties 
of nursery stock. We have reached the point where we can guaran¬ 
tee best stock at lowest prices. Our ■ 
_ _ fruit trees are all budded and we test var- 
nursery. Send for Large Illu at rated Catalog Free. 
feties right here 
Geo. A. Sweet Nursery Co., Box 1605, Dansville, N. Y. 
TREES 
What? Asparagus 
Palmetto, Conovers Colossal, Barrs Mainmotlli 
Prices are higher each season. Plant a bed. 
Dretr** Bjlipso» Columbian White. Price low’, m ■ ■ ■ ... ma . ri 
Get luj free catalogue to t description. AP til UP «J ■ OOllinSy iflOOPGStOWIIj 
A GOOD CORN PLANTER. 
means a good crop, and easy planting. If the seed Is not 
properly planted, good results cannot follow. Our Dalny 
single Jtow Planter assures uniformly good results. 
Equipped with runner for mellow soils, or with plow for harder 
soils, if desired. Single Concave W heel or Double 
Wheel**, interchangeable, just as ordered. Made with or 
without fertilizer attachment. Will drop corn, beans, etc. at de¬ 
sired distances. Convenient lever throws in or out of gear. Send 
for large general catalogue No. 12, containing all kinds of farm 
and garden seeds, tools, farm implements, etc. 
GRIFFITH & TURNER CO., 205 N. Paca Street, Baltimore. Md. 
Tkrakshiiv’ Time. 
99 
When you come to the RUMELY, Stop!! That 
is the place to make your stand if you are interested 
in threshing. Why do we exult over the name? 
We know, and you know, it stands for a success. 
We cover the ground when it comes to threshing. 
The New Rvmely Separator 
with the various modern attachments, leaves nothing to be desired. 
Its specialties are: 1. Fast threshing. 2. Clean threshing. 3. Clean 
in saving. 4. Turning grain out in proper form. 5. Adaptability to 
all kinds of grain and seeds. 6. Simplicity of construction. 7. 
Durability. Th® Rvirrvely Reexr-Gea.red Tra-Ctiorv Engine, 
with the above, satisfies the thresh¬ 
er's wants. In these you have the 
best product of our skill and experi¬ 
ence; the one perfect threshing outfit 
upon the market. You 
should have our catalog.< 
We send it upon re¬ 
quest. 
M. RVMELY. 
CO., 
Lb Porte, Ind. 
