1902 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
KING SYSTEM OF BARN VENTILATION 
Pure Air for Barn Stock. 
Part I. 
First Principles. —Probably no sys¬ 
tem of ventilation yet provided has 
equaled the general system first given a 
definite scope and plan by Prof. King in 
the Wisconsin Experiment Station barn 
at Madison. The success of the system 
is due primarily to a control of air cur¬ 
rents. No doubt other systems might 
have been valuable had the principles 
been as completely understood. The 
simple act of building ventilating flues 
does not and cannot insure of itself good 
ventilation. This subject has been dis¬ 
cussed and advised for all time. I have 
rarely heard any advice in regard to 
care of stock that did not include good 
ventilation. The principles involved 
must be understood, or failure is likely 
to follow. One can probably get a more 
definite understanding of this question 
by carefully studying a stove than in 
any other way. The difference is that 
with the stove we have the extra heat 
of the fire to increase circulation, while 
in the stable the cows have to furnish 
the only heat We can readily see the 
necessity of conserving all of this heat, 
not permitting it to go to waste through 
poorly constructed side walls or loose 
open ceilings over the stable. 
Good Buildlng Needed. — Anyone 
knows with what difficulty the draft is 
controlled in an old stove full of cracks, 
or with a broken damper; air enters at 
will, so I would not advise the introduc¬ 
tion of this system in any but a tight, 
closely-made stable. As a first warning 
do not use hay chutes, because they will 
take the air only from the upper part of 
the stable, and they will necessarily be 
open much of the time into the hay loft, 
and for that time are absolutely worth¬ 
less only as they may by chance take 
the warm damp air into the room above. 
We must see that the floor or ceiling 
above is without cracks or even knot¬ 
holes because it will detract from the 
good work of the flues. I have found by 
uncovering these hay chutes that the cir¬ 
culation was at once checked in these 
flues. It would seem that we had this 
part of the system now understood. 
Warmth Required. —The next essen¬ 
tial is a comparatively high tempera¬ 
ture; that is, 50 to 60 degrees, certainly 
not too high for dairy cows. The idea 
quite commonly accepted that a cow 
should have 1,000 cubic feet of breathing 
space is entirely wrong, and due no 
doubt to the fact that formerly animals 
were crowded into stables not warmly 
built When they were made warm and 
not provided with ventilation the ani¬ 
mals suffered, hence the demand for 
much space. The true principle should 
be a small room and constant change of 
air rather than a large space and infre¬ 
quent ventilation. In the small room 
the cow can keep it warm; in the large 
room she necessarily must fail. I would 
not think of giving the individual to ex¬ 
ceed 500 cubic feet. 
Removing Moisture. —Now to the 
principle involved in changing the air. 
There are two things inimical to health 
to be taken out; carbonic acid and mois¬ 
ture; both difficult to remove because of 
their determined precipitation. While 
both will eventually be diffused through 
the room they are first found at the floor 
after leaving the body, and it is from 
here that we wish to take them if pos¬ 
sible. It is just on account of the in¬ 
creased specific gravity of the air, which 
is a suggestive phrase rather than a 
correct one, that it is not so easily ac¬ 
complished if we take the air from the 
upper strata, where it is warm and 
where gases are found if the air at the 
floor is not removed. Another trouble 
with this system is that we are con¬ 
stantly removing the warm air which 
we need. The fact is, it is absolutely 
wi-ong in every particular. To be sure, 
I would prefer such ventilation to none 
at all. r £he health of many animals in 
195 
tight stone basement barns is saved be¬ 
cause the builder has unwittingly put in 
a loose floor above the animals, provid¬ 
ing without thought partial ventilation. 
The Question of Condensation.— 
We are confronted at once with a prob¬ 
lem that means the lifting of probably 
about seven pounds of water daily per 
1,000 pounds live weight. We certainly 
know that in a tight barn everything <s 
soon damp, which after all is enough to 
know. If we could feel, however, that 
such a large amount is daily thrown off 
from skin and lungs, we should no 
doubt more fully appreciate the neces¬ 
sity of providing adequate facilities for 
taking it outdoors. Another principle 
to be very closely followed and observed 
is that we secure so thorough an insula¬ 
tion of the flues that this fully saturated 
air current does not cool to the con¬ 
densing point before reaching the out¬ 
side air. This difficulty is illustrated 
by the stove pipe that passes through 
a cold room, and thereby condenses the 
moisture, causing the very disagreeable 
creosote drippings. There are many dif¬ 
ferent forms of construction which will 
be satisfactory if the insulation is com¬ 
plete. I had a mind to build of galvan¬ 
ized iron and was really prevented only 
by the increased cost. The tubes that 
pass through the roof were finally made 
of galvanized iron on account of appear¬ 
ance. We find that in cold weather con¬ 
densation takes place; the galvanized 
iron connection, however, being short, 
no interference in the circulation is 
noticeable; demonstrating what would 
have resulted had tne whole flue been 
built of the same material, h. e. cook. 
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Saving 
ON A 
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