336 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 10 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer tp in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking' a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
The Best Sweet Apple. 
E., Washington Co., Tenn —What is the best 
sweet apple, regardless of color? 
Ans. —There are several excellent 
sweet apples, but there is none that 
suits my taste better than Fenton, which 
is also called Trumbull Sweet. It is an 
early Fall variety and whitish yellow. 
It is not kept in stock by the nurseries 
and can only be had of those who keep 
collections, but it is well worthy of be¬ 
ing grown. Mote Sweet is another most 
excellent variety. It ripens in the Fall 
and can be kept into the early Winter 
in some sections. Its color is greenish 
yellow. Munson Sweet is still later in 
season, being a true Winter apple in 
the Northern States. Its color is green¬ 
ish yellow and it is rather small but of 
good quality. Jacob Sweet is quite 
popular, being full medium size, slightly 
red and of choice quality. Its flesh is 
very tender and juicy. It ripens in the 
. Fall and early Winter. Hendrick is 
fully as good as any of the sweet apples 
and most beautifully striped with bright 
red over a yellow ground color. It is of 
good size and keeps fairly well. Rams- 
dell is another bright red-striped, late 
Fall variety of excellent behavior in the 
orchard. It is free from the bitter taste 
that many sweet apples have. Bentley 
is a very late keeper and good every 
way. ' h. e. v. d. 
Ailing Apple Trees. 
TV. II. S., Pinegrove, Pa.—What kills the 
apple trees in this section? They are often 
damaged and some trees entirely destroyed 
every year from some cause. The bark at 
the base near the ground turns black and 
separates from the wood, sometimes in 
narrow strips, in other cases involving one- 
half or more of the trees. The injury is 
mainly on the east and south sides, but 
sometimes also affects the west or north 
side, only seldom the latter. Grimes, King 
and Fallawater appear to suffer most, 
while some other varieties are also affect¬ 
ed; some appear more liable to injury than 
others. Theories as to the cause are nu¬ 
merous, but it appears none understand 
the matter in this vicinity well enough to 
give a definite reason. 
Ans.—T he main cause of the injury to 
the apple trees of that section and 
others is the natural, constitutional 
weakness of the trees. The varieties 
mentioned are some of the principal 
ones that are so affected all over the 
country. Sudden and violent climatic 
changes have much if not all to do with 
the injury as it commonly occurs, and 
the regions where these conditions of 
climate are the greatest is where the 
injury is the worst. On the great plains 
of the upper Mississippi Valley Tomp¬ 
kins King, Grimes, Fallawater and some 
others are nearly always sure to die 
early, and in some places cannot be 
grown at all, where many other kinds 
do well. It seems that most of the dam¬ 
age is done by the sudden changes in 
Winter, so far as it has been possible 
to study into the matter. The common 
name given to this ailment is sunscald, 
and it is likely that the belief is quite 
general among those who have studied 
into it that the sun has much to do with 
it. When the trees are frozen and the 
sun comes out and suddenly thaws out 
the bark and wood, which is usually on 
the south or west sides of the trunks of 
the trees, the effect is often to kill or 
damage the delicate tissues. It has been 
thought by some that there may be 
some specific germ disease that lies at 
the bottom of the trouble we call sun- 
scald, but this is not proved to be true, 
so far as I am aware. However, there 
are several root diseases that do cripple 
and kill apple trees. h. e. v. d. 
Making Cider Vinegar. 
Reader, New York .—I wish to learn how to 
make cider vinegar on a large scale. 
Ans. —The best and most practical 
way of making vinegar from cider, with 
the smallest outlay for the plant, is to 
run the cider when made into tanks, 
and there allow it to ferment and set¬ 
tle. Then draw off and put in good 
liquor barrels, filling them four-fifths 
full and storing in a tight building 
wnere the temperature can be kept 
about 80 or 85 degrees, until of suffi¬ 
cient strength, when it can be run into 
other tanks to settle and obtain uni¬ 
formity of strength, and from which it 
can be barreled for market. The bungs 
should be left out of the barrels, and 
they should be so ranked that the con¬ 
tents can be racked off without disturb¬ 
ing the barrels. In most very large fac¬ 
tories, especially of spirit vinegar, the 
liquid is allowed to drip slowly through 
tall vats filled with beech shavings, 
where considerable heat is generated 
and quick results are obtained. Others 
use what are called rolling generators, 
made of large casks, but these processes 
necessitate extensive reading or prac¬ 
tical work in a vinegar factory, to be 
successfully managed. The principle in 
all systems is the same, exposure to heat 
and air of the liquid which it is proposed 
to make into vinegar. After vinegar is' 
thoroughly made, too much heat and ex¬ 
posure are not d' sirable. l. r. bryant. 
Illinois. 
Orchard Cultivation. 
E. 8., Madison, Me.—What would you con¬ 
sider the best method of working the soil 
of an orchard that has not been plowed 
for perhaps 10 years? Would it be best 
to plow four or five inches deep, or would 
you advise using a Morgan spading har¬ 
row and a spring-tooth for tearing up the 
sod? Do you consider a Winter cover crop 
necessary? If so, what would you use? 
Ans. —Use the plow by all means, but 
do not work the soil too deeply at first. 
The spading harrow is a capital imple¬ 
ment for crushing lumps or on sandy 
loam that was plowed last Fall; but on 
our heavy clay loams it will not cut up 
the old turf sufficiently for orchard pur¬ 
poses. Plow the orchard about four 
inches deep, being careful that the sod 
is well turned under. Roll before har¬ 
rowing and then go over the piece with 
a spike-tooth rather than a spring- 
tooth harrow for the first time. Prac¬ 
tice clean culture until about August 1 
to 10. Later cultivation is liable to en¬ 
courage growth of wood, which will 
fail to mature before Winter. A Win¬ 
ter cover of some sort is always to be 
desired. It serves as a protection to the 
roots, prevents washing and, in case of 
a green crop, helps dry out the land 
early in Spring. In our own practice, 
however, Winter rye is most commonly 
used. This crop, sown broadcast late in 
August or about September 1, makes a 
dense mat before Winter and is very 
satisfactory. It should be plowed un¬ 
der the following Spring as early as 
May 15. Some prefer to sow oats at 
the last cultivation early in August, but 
of course no Spring growth is made in 
this case. w. m. munson. 
Maine Exp. Station. _ 
A SOUND HORSE. 
As a sound horse is always salable, Lumps, Blemishes, 
Bunches and Lameness cut the price in two. Almost any 
kind of horse may be made sound by the use of 
Kendall’s Spavin Cure 
the old reliable remedy for Spavins, Ringbones, Splint*, 
Curbs, etc., and all forms of l.ameness. Cures without 
a blemish as it does not blister. Price, $1; six for $5. As 
a liniment for family use it has no equal. Ask your 
druggist for KENDALI/S SPAVIN CUJRE. also “A 
Treatise on the Horse,” the book free, or address 
DR. B. J. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURQ PALLS, VT 
How to Paint 
a House Cheap 
Ami Have it Guaranteed to Look 
Better, Wear Longer and Cost 
Less Than the Best White 
Lead Paints. 
Never Fades, Cracks, Chalks, Peels or Blisters, 
and is Not Affected by Gases. 
Fifty Sample Colors Prepaid to Any Address 
Absolutely Free. 
The cost of painting the house and barn, 
outbuildings and fences, is a heavy burden. 
Cheap paints soon fade, peel or scale off. 
and white lead and oil costs so much and 
has to be replaced so often that it is a 
constant expense to keep the bright, clean 
appearance so desirable in the cosy cottage 
home or the elegant mansion. To meet the 
The Roof of the Great Field Museum, Chicago, 
Covering seven Acres of Ground, is 
Painted with Carrara Paint. 
needs of the small purse and at the same 
time give the rich, lasting, protecting ef¬ 
fect of a first-class paint caused the manu¬ 
facture of Carrara Paint, and it is the best 
paint for house, barn or fence; for inter¬ 
ior or exterior work it has no equal. It Is 
smoother, covers more surface, brightens 
and preserves colors, is used on wood, iron, 
tin, brick, stone or tile and never cracks, 
peels, blisters or chalks; it does not fade; 
it outlasts the best white lead or any mixed 
paint, and it covers so much more surface 
to the gallon that it is cheaper in the first 
costs than most cheap paints. The follow¬ 
ing are a few of the large users of Carrara 
Paint: 
The Waldorf-Astoria, New York City, 
one of the most magnificent hotels in the 
world, is painted entirely with the World- 
Famous Carrara Paint; Pennsylvania R. 
R. Co.; Pullman Palace Car Company; 
Chicago Telephone Company; Central 
Union Telephone Company: Field Museum. 
Chicago; Kenwood Club, Chicago; Cincin¬ 
nati Southern: C. & E. I. R. R. Co.; Denver 
& Rio Grande R. R.; Wellington Hotel, 
Chicago. 
The Painter is not Always to Blame for The Bad 
Results Generally Obtained, but The 
Fault of The Old Style Paint Used. 
From railroad box car to elegantly fur¬ 
nished general offices of the great railways; 
from race track fences and stables to fancy 
club houses; from plain brick walls and 
stone fences to tin roofs and interior finish 
of stately hotels; from country barn or 
hay shed or cheap out-building to farm 
residence, suburban home or luxurious city 
residence, Carrara is used because it lasts 
longer, never fades, never cracks, nevey 
blisters, never peels, covers more surface 
than the highest-priced paints and costs 
less than the cheap mixed paints that in¬ 
jure instead of protect. There is but one 
Carrara. It is made by the Carrara Paint 
Agency, 470 Carrara Works, Barberton, O., 
and anyone having a house to paint should 
send for 50 sample colors free, ot this great 
paint that has stood the most rigid tests 
for 25 years, and bear in mind that it is 
the only paint ever manufactured that is 
backed by a positive guarantee in every 
case. Write to-day and save half your 
paint bills in the future. 
HOYT’S NURSERIES 
are the standard for reliability and first- 
class stock. Headquarters for the October 
Purple Plum and Green Mountain Grape. 
Also a full line of Fruit Trees, Forest and 
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Small Fruits, 
Roses, Asparagus, etc. 
Send for Free Catalogue. 
STEPHEN HOYT’S SON, 
New Canaan, Conn. 
Potted Strawberry Plants, Juiy I. 
T. C. KEYITT, Athenla, N. J. 
STRAWBERRIES. 
The Marie is a record breaker, good size 
and shape, dark crimson, finestquality, very 
productive, most attractive in appearance. An 
exceptionally fine selling berry on the mark¬ 
et. We have a large stock of extra fine plants 
In this and 60 other choice varieties. Catalog of plan ta, 
tro es and everything for orchard and garden free. 
Harrison’s Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, Ud, 
Fruit. 
Its quality influences 
v the selling price. 
* Profitable fruit 
growing insured only 
when enough actual 
Potash 
is in the fertilizer. 
Neither quantity nor 
good quality possible 
without Potash. 
Write for our free books 
giving details. 
GERMAN KALI WORKS. 
93 Nassau St., New York City. 
LIME FERTILIZER 
Special preparation giving splendid satisfaction. 
Correspondence solicited THE SNOW FLAKE 
LIMB CO., Bowling Green, Ohio. 
BEFORE BUYING 
A NEW HARNESS alogue g I v- 
^■ Ing full de 
sorlptlon and prices of all kinds of single and 
double harness and save 25 per cent. 
King Harness Co. 510 Church SI., Gwego,N.Y. 
SavePainf Bills 
Instead of using Metal 
Roofing.which requires 
painting every 
two years, us’o 
Arrow Brand 
Asphalt 
Ready Roofing, 
already sur¬ 
faced with gravel, and which needs no painting. 
ASPHALT READY ROOFING CO. Send for free 
136 Water St.. New York. samples. 
FIRE, WIND & WATER PROOF 
add to these qualities durability 
and low price, and you havo a 
perfect roofing, which is 
Can be put on a new roof, on 
old shingles or tin. It’s soft 
and pliable, being easy to put 
on and becomes as hard as 
slate. Send for Free Sample 
_ and Clrculurs. 
The A. F. Swan Co, 1,4 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. 
Four Crop Clover 
ALFALFA or LUCERNE 
Visitors to California, Wyoming, Colorado and 
New Mexico, have seen In the fresh green fields (of 
even dry lands) the luxuriant, tangled growth show¬ 
ing what. Alfalfa is and can do. The roots penetrate 
12 to 15 feet. Itprefers dry land, and succeeds where 
butfew inches of rainfall peryear. Splendid crop 
to renew wornout land Cut three to four times per 
year. Keep weeds out of crop the first year, then it 
will care forltself. Sow 15 to 20 lbs. per acre. Price, 
extra choice recleaned seed Ibu., 60 lbs.), lb., 15c.; 
10 lbs., *1.25; bu., *7; 1 OO lbs., Si JO. 
VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE. 
84 and 86 Randolph Street, CHICAGO; 
or 14 Barclay Street, NEW YORK. 
-500 bushels Early Black Cow 
I Ul dlv Peas at $1.75 per bn.; 600 bush¬ 
els Delaware-grown Crimson Clover Seed at $8 per 
bu.; 500 bushels second-growth Seed Potatoes at $ 3.30 
bbl.; or $1.10 per bu. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford. Del. 
DA#a#AO®- Sel ected Seed. Price List Free, 
r UIdlUCS E. M. MARVIN. Sun, Mich. 
Potatoes—Bovee, Carman. J urn bo, Enormous, Dela 
ware.SirWalter,liose.85 kinds. C.W.Ford,Fishers. N.V. 
C ARMAN No. 3 $ 4.00 
SEED POTATOES. w Per Bbl. 
Dewey and Sir Walter Raleigh, $4 per bbl , aJl bbls 
4 bus ;PingreeandW Mammoth $5 per bbl Wholesale 
list free. GEO A BONN ELL, Waterloo, N Y. 
POTATOES 
CORN AND 
BEANS 
White Crystal Field Beans were insect-proof; yield 
50bushels, nice size; postage for sample, price. Best 
four sorts Field Corn. Canada Peas, $1.50. bags free 
Potatoes—White Giant.. Carman, Sir Walter Rs 
lelgh, and earliest choice stock. Write wants 
Barred Rock Eggs. 18. $1: 36, $1.50: 100. $3. Beauties 
SMITH'S POTATO FARM. Manchester, N. V. 
Qtrau/hflmoe For earl l eBt and best plant Lady 
Oil QnUCl I ICO Norwood. For best plant Success 
I also grow for sale Nick Ohmer, Gandy, Sample and 
Excelsior. AH plants from 1901 beds. 
H. W. JENKINS, Dover, Del. 
for 
$4 
Send us a club of four subscriptions with 
$4 and we will advance your own sub 
scription one year free. New yearly sub¬ 
scribers will now get the paper from 
the time subscription is received until 
January 1, 1903. Get up a club at once. 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
S ] 
’BARGAINS IN Genuine Fire and djE 93 
| M B urglar-Proof 
/\rE19 IRON SAFE. 110 Pounds. 
Cut-Rate Prices. Buy direct Catalogue Free 
M. 8 HKLT MANUFACTURING CO., Cincinnati,O. 
The Name on My Trees Means Something 
Tree Breeders. 
IT DOESN'T ALWAYS ON OTHERS. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL. 
Dansville, N. Y. 
