432 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
June 21 
FARMERS’ CLUE 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Round-Headed Apple Borer. 
B. J. K., Waterloo, N. Y .—How can 1 get 
rid of those little white grubs or worms 
that bore in young apple trees of from 
one to two years’ setting? I find some 
trees nearly eaten through the trunks 
about one inch under ground. The trees 
die after a short time; some trees are 
eaten so badly a light pull will break them 
off, and some are not eaten at all. 
Ans. —The grubs or worms found in 
the young apple trees arc probably the 
common Round-headed apple-tree borer, 
for which no better remedy has been 
found than to dig them out with a sharp 
knife and a wire to run down their bur¬ 
rows and smash them. Some report 
good success by first finding the en¬ 
trance to their burrow and then inject¬ 
ing carbon bisulphide into the hole, 
quickly plugging the hole with putty or 
some similar substance. One can keep 
out some of the borers by closely apply¬ 
ing tarred paper around the base of the 
tree, extending it below the ground 
where the roots are given off. 
M. V. Sl.INGERLAN'U. 
Care of Gnawed Trees. 
.J. il. UPayne's Depot, Ky .—1 have about 
100 young apple trees from one to three 
years old, peeled by rabbits last Winter. 
Some are about one-fourth, some half and 
some arc peeled all around for about one 
foot, commencing four or live inches above 
ground. Those that are partly neeled are 
growing finely with a sprout or two start¬ 
ing from below the peeled place. Those 
peeled all around are dead, but strong 
sprouts are coming from stock and root. 
Shall I let sprouts (one or two) grow 
where the tops are dead, and bud where 
necessary next Fall, or dig up and reset? 
Where partly peeled but growing, could I 
not join the sprout from below the injury 
to the main stock above after it is well 
grown, and thus strengthen the stock? I 
have never known rabbits to injure trees 
here before, but the sleet was several 
inches thick on the trees and covered the 
ground completely for five weeks. 
Ans. —Trees gnawed by rabbits are al¬ 
ways seriously injured, according to my 
experience, and that has been far more 
extensive than I like to acknowledge. 
The trees that are dead above the injury 
should he neatly cut back to the largest 
or best sprout, and everything else kept 
from growing, so that it will make a 
new tree, which it may do very quick¬ 
ly if it is above the point of grafting or 
budding. It should be very judiciously 
pinched back so as to form a nice head. 
The trees that are partly peeled may 
make good trees after years of healing 
over. Where sprouts come out below 
the wound they may be left and next 
Spring grafted into the trunk above the 
wound, as is suggested. They will ma¬ 
terially aid in the healing-over process. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Damage to Apple Trees. 
,J. H. M. D., No. Bridgewater, N. Y.—I send 
you two pieces of young apple trees—piece 
of the trunk and a piece of a limb—that I 
found dead with quite a number of others. 
What is the disease and what is the rem¬ 
edy? I find a great many tnat are mark'd 
like what I send you, but are living. Will 
they die? Can I prevent it? 
Ans. —The piece of small branch 
shows old scars where the Buffalo tree- 
hopper (Ceresa bubalus) deposited its 
eggs two years ago. The piece from 
trunk of tree shows a few old scars 
caused by work of the above pest; in 
addition it shows a disease known as 
Apple-tree canker (Sphaeropsis mal- 
orum), described in Bulletin No. 85 of 
the New York Experiment Station. 
Taken alone the injury caused by the 
above insect depositing its eggs on the 
limbs is rarely severe enough to cause 
more than an occasional breaking of a 
limb. In this way neglected trees get 
some pruning. According to Mr. Pad- 
dock uncared-for orchards are some¬ 
time killed by the canker, but more 
frequently this disease is limited to 
small areas on the bark, and other dis¬ 
eases or even borers get a foothold in 
these diseased spots and continue the 
work of destruction. It is quite prob¬ 
able that in the above orchard the punc¬ 
tures made by the tree-hopper have fur¬ 
nished suitable footholds for the Apple 
canker, and that the combination of the 
two has caused the death of some of the 
trees; yet some other trouble which 
cannot be determined from specimens 
of branches may have caused the trees 
to die. The specimens sent indicate 
that the orchard has been sadly neg¬ 
lected. It is a little late to do much to¬ 
wards renovating the orchard this sea¬ 
son. By severe pruning, together with 
spraying, cultivation and use of com¬ 
mercial fertilizers another Spring it may 
be possible to save most of the trees, 
and make them produce respectable 
crops. To lessen the injury of the tree- 
hopper and also reduce their numbers, 
cutting out and burning, late in the Fall 
or early Spring, of all branches where 
they have deposited their eggs is recom¬ 
mended. Possibly spraying with kero¬ 
sene emulsion at present time will de¬ 
stroy many of the young insects. These 
hatch from eggs in bark about June 1. 
Spraying the trees with Bordeaux Mix¬ 
ture is recommended as a partial pre¬ 
ventive of the Apple-tree canker. The 
latter treatment should be commenced 
early in the Spring; one application be¬ 
ing made before the buds start. 
F. A. S. 
Propagating Trees and Shrubs. 
A. F. J., Gardner, Mass.— Can you publish 
a list of trees and shrubs that can be pro¬ 
pagated from cuttings, and the time of 
year at which cuttings should be taken? 
Ans. —Most trees are grown directly 
from seeds. Improved or special varie¬ 
ties are budded or grafted on common 
seedlings. In a few instances suckers 
or root cuttings are used. Basswoods, 
quinces, poplars, willows and Paulow- 
nias may be rooted from ripe hardwood 
cuttings, taken in Fall or early Spring, 
and firmly planted outside. In the 
South the Myrobalan plum and Kieffer 
pear may be grown from cuttings, but 
they seldom succeed in the North. The 
following shrubs are generally propa¬ 
gated from hard-wood cuttings treated 
in the same manner: Currants, grapes, 
gooseberries, honeysuckles, including 
the bush varieties, the Japan quince, the 
Philadelphus or mock orange, privet 
and Spiraeas. The Weigela, now called 
Diervilla, Forsythia, Deutzias, hardy 
Hydrangeas, lilacs and Viburnums are. 
grown under glass from cuttings of ma¬ 
tured green wood taken in July or Au¬ 
gust. The Nursery Book, by L. IT. 
Bailey, price 50 cents and $1, from this 
office, gives the above information in 
great detail. 
Fruit Trees for Roadside. 
G. I., Rochester, N. Y.—I have been think¬ 
ing for some time of setting out some kind 
of fruit trees on my farm along the road, 
but am uncertain what will bo the best 
kind. Beginning at the west end first there 
comes a small hill with a gravelly loam 
soil for about 40 rods; then across a fiat 
40 or 50 rods that was once a Black ash 
swamp, but has been cleared off and cul¬ 
tivated for SO years or more. This land is 
good, although in the Spring sometimes a 
little wet. I think I have it fixed now so 
that water will not stand on it. After this 
comes another hill, the soil of which is 
gravelly loam for GO rods. I have been 
thinking of setting apples and cherries, 
but will either do well across the flat? I 
know cherries will do well over the sec¬ 
ond or larger hill, as there were some 
cherry trees on it that bore for more than 
40 years. If I set cherry what kind will 
do best, and how far apart shall I set 
them? 1 do not wish to set all cherries 
for the 135 rods, but would like to set part 
cherries and part something else. If 
apples, what kind will do best on the fiat, 
and how far apart shall I put them? The 
roadside is sod, and I suppose never has 
been cultivated. I would have to set them 
in the sod, but could mulch well with 
coarse manure or grass. 
Ans. —It is probable that apple trees 
will do well on both the flat and hill 
land, and they will probably prove of 
more value than cherry or any other 
kind of fruit trees along the roadside. 
Some standard variety of Winter apple, 
like Sutton or Hubbardston would be 
my choice for western New York. Some 
might say Ben Davis, but there are bet¬ 
ter apples even for the roadside, al¬ 
though it would make a beautiful, hardy 
and productive tree. Jonathan would 
do well and pay in that region, and there 
is no better apple in quality or appear¬ 
ance. If any kind of cherry is used I 
would recommend Montmorency, as it is 
a good bearer and hardy in tree. I 
would dig wide spaces or plow them 
next the trees and mulch them well con¬ 
tinually. II. E. V. D. 
Cover Crops in Corn. 
I). It , Millington, N. J.— I have put in 
quite a large amount of corn this year, 
and I want to sow some green stuff after 
the last hoeing with a view of growing it 
to plow under for manure. My idea now is 
to plant corn on the same ground another 
year. This year I purpose to fertilize at 
the rate of 400 to G00 pounds to the acre, 
artificial manure, then turn under the 
green stuff and fertilize next year lightly 
in the hill, perhaps 150 pounds to the acre. 
What sort of green stuff ought I to sow 
in between the green corn after the last 
hoeing? My idea is to use Crimson clover 
on the southerly slopes on a part of the 
land, and I would like to use two or three 
different kinds of stuff for green manure 
for the purpose of experimenting, one on 
each field. What would I better use, mak¬ 
ing up two kinds of seed besides the Crim¬ 
son clover? 
Ans. —We have used Cow-horn tur¬ 
nips, Essex rape, Winter oats and rye 
successfully in the corn. The turnips 
and Crimson clover together gave a fine 
growth. Rape and clover grew well and 
covered the ground during the Winter 
better than the turnips. Winter oats 
make a heavy growth in the Fall, but do 
not live through the Winter. Sown with 
rye they provide excellent Fall pasture, 
and the rye lives over. We would use 
Crimson clover in combination with tur¬ 
nips, rape, rye and Winter oats. We 
think the Crimson clover is more likely 
to live through the Winter when seeded 
with rape, oats or rye. 
Ladybird Beetles in New Jersey. 
IV. It. G., Lyons Farms, N. ./.—The article, 
“insects Cost more than Diamonds," by II. 
E. Van Deman on page 349, was of especial 
interest to me as the ladybirds then de¬ 
scribed are identical with those I find on 
my place. I noticed them for the first time 
last Fall, and from descriptions I nave 
seen of those brought over from China 
by Mr. Marlatt T have surmised 1 had the 
same insect on my place. This Spring 
they appeared in large numbers, and sin¬ 
gularly enough., I find them on my peach 
trees in larger numbers than anywhere 
else, unless it be in the buildings when 
they have passed the Winter. In size 
they are about three-sixteenth inch across 
and one-fourth inch long. They are a 
deep red in color, with two black spots 
on back. Occasionally I find one jet 
black, with two red spots on back, and 
hero and there one with several black 
spots on the red back. These ladybirds 
I am convinced are feeding upon the San- 
Jos6 scale, and so satisfied am I that 
such is the case, and that they are really 
destroying the pest, that I hesitated to 
apply my petroleum emulsion in March, 
lest I should remove the food upon which 
these insects were sustained, thus check¬ 
ing their increase. I was also apprehen¬ 
sive that the petroleum might injure the 
ladybirds themselves. The scale has not 
as yet obtained a great foothold upon my 
trees, and being anxious to encourage the 
increase of the ladybirds I have been in 
a quandary as to how far 1 might leave 
my trees unsprayed in order to furnish 
food for their sustenance. I have ob¬ 
served upon a number of my trees traces 
of scale marks, and am satisfied that the 
pest has been taken off by some parasite, 
and as I find the ladybirds upon infested 
limbs I am convinced they cause the dis¬ 
appearance of the scale. 
Ans. —We have several letters from 
readers who think they have the insect 
which was described by Mr. Van Deman. 
The Japanese ladybird is so much like 
our native species that it requires an ex¬ 
pert to tell them apart. Mix up a dozen 
of each, and it would be impossible for 
the average observer to sort them out. 
Prof. Smith of the New Jersey Station 
has made this clear in his bulletins. 
Several years ago he brought specimens 
of the Japanese insects from California, 
and tried to winter them in New Jersey. 
As is well-known, these ladybirds have 
killed out the scale in California, yet 
they are of little use at the East. In¬ 
sects are affected in their work by local 
conditions of climate, etc., so that we 
cannot always tell what a bug or beetle 
wall do in one State by wiiat it does in 
a different climate. The hope that the 
new insects described by Mr. Van De¬ 
man will kill off the scale is the fact 
that they come from a country where uie 
climate is much like our own. Possibly 
some of the insects imported by Prof. 
Smith from California actually lived 
and are now scattered over the State. 
Even if this be true we are not sure that 
they will work for us. Our common 
ladybirds feed on the scale to some ex¬ 
tent. 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adr. 
Big Bargain in Short-Horns 
I will sell three beautiful heifers, calved In May 
and August, 1901, by Gov. Tyler 15S548,reds, andregls". 
tered. nnd a bull calf 6 months old, red, with some 
white, by Champion 151102, grandson of Cup-Rearer, 
if taken within 30 days for $400. This lot will make 
some one a grand little herd, and are worth the 
money. Come and see them or address 
JOHN K. LEWIS, Lynnwood, Kocklngham Co., Va. 
33533 
_£3 
» •,'W 
•"WM 
| *C SsTA 
teas 
SENT ON TRIAL 
A Fence Machine that will make over 100 
Styles of Fence and from 60 to 70 rods a day 
AT ACTUAL COST OF WIRE 
JIorM»-lifgh, Iltill-Ktrotur, IMg nnd I'hlrkon-tlght. 
Wire at Wholesale l*rices. Catalogue Free. 
Kitselman Bros. r. rs92,Muneie,Ind. 
MANY A STRIP 
of PAGE FENCE lias outlasted two sets of posts, 
and is “keeping cattle out” .vet. 
PACK WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., ADRIAN, M It'll. 
D WYER’S Summer and Au¬ 
tumn Catalogue (now ready ) 
of Pot-Grown Strawberry Plants, 
Celery, Cabbage, etc. Pot-Grown 
Clematis, Honeysuckle, Ivy, etc. 
A full line of Fruit and Ornamen¬ 
tal Trees Vines and Plants. 
This Catalogue, with beautiful colored plates, 
mailed free—write for It. T. J. DWYER & SON, 
Orange County Nurseries, Box 1, Cornwall, N. A’. 
C elery and Cabbage Plants, $1 per 1,000 
rimson Clover Seed, $4 per bushel. 
SLAYMAKKK & SON, Dover, Del. 
p OV Pl9n,s ’ H Per 1.000; 70 cents 
X# In C. IX T 500. Strong, stocky plants: 
seed sown tnin In rich beds. The plants, over the 
whole He'd, have an average of four square inches 
of space each. They are kept in even, steady growth 
by irrigation. G. S. B.. $1 per 1,000: W. P..$120;G. 
Pascal. $1 40. All plants trom imported seed. Write 
for prices on 25,000, 5U,000 and 100,000. Circular free. 
F. W. ROCHELLE, Dratver 1, Chester, New Jersey. 
f PI FRY PT Grown on land specially adapt- 
L/LLCm I iLiliAlii e( j t0 them; sown thin, each 
plant is strong, Btocky and well rooted. Prices: 
White Plume, 500, 75c.; 1,000,$125; 5,000, $5. Golden 
Self-Blanching. 500. $1; 1,(100, $1.50; 5 0U0. $0.25; Giant 
Paschal and Ptnk Plume, 500, $1.25; 1.0U0, $1.75; 5,1)00, 
$7.50. Circular free. 
WILSON BROS., Tecnmseh, Mich. 
CABBAGE PLANTS 
Ea. J. Wakefield, Ea. Summer, 
—25 cents per 100 
postpaid. 
By exp.. $1 per 1,000. 
-savr 
1,000,000 Tomato Plants for the canner; 
500.000 Late Cabbage and other plants. Catalogue 
free. CALEB BOGGS & SON, Cheswold, Del. 
- 1 ——500 bushels Early Black Cow 
I Or Oalu Peas. $2 bn.; 100 bushes Early 
Black-eyed Peas. $2 bushel; 500 bushels Delaware- 
grown Crimson Clover Seed. $3 bushel. 
J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Pel. 
{“NRDKRS booked now for new crop Crimson Clover 
seed ready June 15. Popular prices. Seed guar¬ 
anteed. Write JOHN J. ROSA, Milford, Del. 
Potted Strawberry Plants, July I. 
T. C. KEVITT, Athenla, N. J. 
Hoyt’s Nurseries 
are tue standard for reliability and first- 
class stock. Headquarters for the October 
Purple Plum and Green Mountain Grape. 
Also a full line of Fruit Trees, Forest ; ml 
Ornamental Trees, Ldirubs, Small Fruits, 
Roses, Asparagus, etc. 
Send for Free Catalogue. 
STEPHEN HO YT’S SOWS 
New Canaan, Conn. 
The Name on My Trees Means Something 
IT DOESN’T ALWAYS ON OTHERS. 
Tree Breeders. ROGERS ON THE HILL. 
Dansville, N. Y* 
