THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
457 
1901! 
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CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT, 
The Rural New-Yorker, 
409 Pearl Street, New York. 
MARKET NOTES 
CARGO OP MENAGERIE TIMBER.— 
Large numbers of the wild animals in¬ 
tended for exhibition purposes get part of 
their education on the animal farms of 
Germany. A steamer from that country 
recently landed at the Atlantic Basin, 
Brooklyn, six camels, three pumas, two 
lions, 80 monkeys, two baboons, one fallow 
deer, a silver bear, two hyenas, 1,000 cana¬ 
ries, 60 cockatoos, 120 African finches and 
25 paroquets from Australia. The collec¬ 
tion was taken to an animal farm in New 
Jersey, from which it will be distributed 
to various menageries. 
BELGIAN HARES.—A reader asks about 
the market for these animals In New York 
and whether they would come under the 
provisions of the game laws. We have 
never been able to find any dealers here 
who felt enthusiastic over the Belgian 
hare business. Buyers complain that the 
meat has not the flavor of game and that 
there are other forms of tame meat which 
they prefer. Belgians of neat appearance 
sometimes sell in New York for 50 cents 
per pair or over, and perhaps a larger trade 
might be built up by persistent shipments 
of hares of fine quality. Of course, as or¬ 
dinarily handled and kept In captivity they 
are domestic animals just as much as the 
hog or cow, and as such could not be 
considered game. 
BERRIES WITH A NAME.—Those who 
have watched the market quotations have 
noticed that Irvington and Hilton straw¬ 
berries usually sell at several cents above 
other brands. On being asked the reason 
for this a fruit man said: “The secret is 
in quality and honest and neat preparation 
for market. A number of the growers out 
there have got the business down to a 
fine thing. They know how to grow good 
berries. They raise good varieties, get 
them to market in proper condition, and 
throw away the worthless ones instead of 
mixing them in with the others, as-so many 
Jersey and Up-river growers do.” 
Hilton and Irvington are in the vicinity 
of Newark, N. .1. For years many of the 
growers raised the Great American—a va¬ 
riety of excellent quality, which with 
proper treatment yielded big crops of fine 
berries, although worthless in some locali¬ 
ties. It is surprising that so many berry 
men insist on mixing the culls with the 
better fruit. In many cases crates doc¬ 
tored in this way bring less than the prime 
berries in them are worth. For the ordi¬ 
nary market it may not pay to make an 
extra selected grade, but there is no use in 
shipping worthless culls. They might bet¬ 
ter be thrown away 
APPLES of excellent quality are still to 
be had on the fruit stands in this market. 
In fact, no other fruit now offered is worth 
comparing with the Spies, Baldwins and 
Russets that have been stored properly. 
The storage of apples is a tough problem, 
and now is the time when the results of 
defective storage are best seen. Why 
should one lot of Baldwins be of high 
quality, firm and perfect to the core, while 
another of apparently the same type is 
insipid and has brown corky spots near 
the center? These are storage defects, 
but the most experienced storage men ad¬ 
mit that they do not know what the 
trouble is. They have thought many times 
that the secret was discovered, but the re¬ 
sults of further trials of the same methods 
were contradictory. There is no doubt that 
from careful investigation in the future 
much will be learned as to Just how ripe 
different varieties shall be, whether they 
should go Immediately into the cold room, 
and what the temperature should be. 
When these things are better known, so 
that a uniform product may be put on the 
late market, the apple producer will be 
greatly benefited. Some storage apples 
spoil so quickly when removed from the 
cold room that by the time the retail buyer 
gets them they are defective. This is a 
serious fault, and the grocer or small re¬ 
tailer dislikes to handle apples that he 
must get rid of so quickly. The opinion 
has been expressed that at least some of 
the rapid deterioration when removed 
from storage is due to too great a degree 
of cold, causing a material change in the 
character of the apple. Apples kept at 
30 degrees may show less rot when re¬ 
moved from storage, but if the flavor is 
injured and the fruit at once rots, what is 
the good of such storage? One frequently 
finds cellars where apples without any 
special care keep until July. We have 
eaten apples from such places that were 
entirely free from the defects noted in 
cold-stored fruit. This side of the matter 
is worth considering by those who believe 
that apples should be kept as nearly as 
possible to the freezing point. It is evi¬ 
dent that something more than cold is re¬ 
quired, and that some varieties are bettor 
adapted to storage than others. We find 
nothing on sale here now that holds its 
quality better than Northern Spy. It has 
been noticed repeatedly that as offered on 
the fruit stands the storage Spies are 
superior to Baldwins. w. w. n. 
THE COST OF A COW. 
Can you give us a fair idea as to what 
it eosts to feed a cow for one year, and 
the average yield of your cows? We are 
trying to get at the actual cost of pro¬ 
ducing one quart of milk at various sea¬ 
sons. 
I never kept any figures, for the reason 
that there are no figures to keep. The 
way that I do business is this: When I 
get my milk check I first go to the bank, 
have it cashed; next pay my store bill, 
blacksmith, etc.; next, rent. Whene these 
three are straightened I seldom have any 
left, but should there be from two cents 
to $100 I give it to my wife, for she works 
harder than I. a. a. 
Campbell Hall, N. Y. 
I cannot give you anything definite. We 
are always feeding either grass or hay, 
■which we do not weigh or buy, and usually 
give milk no cash value, but figure on re¬ 
ceipts of milk and cost of feed, such as 
bran, meal, gluten, cotton-seed meal, etc. 
We farmers have each a way of his own. 
Some feed a little every day through the 
year, and others only feed when the price 
of milk is high enough, that they can 
afford it, but it takes more feed when 
we feed irregularly. The average farmer 
has not the time to weigh hay and feed, 
so as to know just what he makes, as 
labor is too high. A good employee gets 
$40 or $45 per month, and can do only the 
work that naturally follows 10 cows. A 
farmer can get about $75 from the aver¬ 
age cow in one year by giving her two 
tons of good feed, and all the hay and 
grass she will eat. At present prices one 
year’s profit from the products of 10 cows 
is $250; farm labor, with board and wash¬ 
ing about $45 per month, or $540, leaving 
a man short of $290, which, by hard labor, 
he may make up in the raising of potatoes, 
goods for canning factory and from hens 
and other little things which will work 
in easily. We are now getting 75 cents 
per 100 pounds milk, which is 25 cents 
per 100 pounds less than it should be. 
This is constantly sapping the life out of 
us farmers. R. p. e. 
Bridgewater, N. Y. 
I keep only eight cows and some sheep. 
I have never kept any account of the 
cost of keeping a cow for a year, as I 
raise the hay and silage I feed, and most 
of the grain, and do not buy much feed. 
As to the average yield of cows I have 
not kept account of that, as we use what 
milk, butter and cheese made from the 
dairy we want. Through the Summer I 
have taken the milk to a cheese factory, 
and in the Fall and part of the Winter I 
take the milk to a shipping station. The 
milk now goes to the Deansboro cheese 
factory; they are getting 11,000 pounds of 
milk a day. A stock company of $50,000, 
called the United States Milk Condensery 
Co., of Deansboro, N. Y., is now putting 
up a first-class plant at that place to con¬ 
dense milk. There is talk of their com¬ 
mencing to take milk there this month. 
Clinton, N. Y. e. e. b. 
We have been negotiating with the Mu¬ 
tual Milk and Cream Co., of New York, 
for the sale of our milk. After consider¬ 
able correspondence they came to our 
terms, which were one-half cent less than 
Exchange price for six months. At pres¬ 
ent about 30 cans per day are shipped, 
and the remainder (90 cans) Is manufactur¬ 
ed into butter and pot cheese. Cows did not 
come through the Winter in as good con¬ 
dition as usual. There is not much differ¬ 
ence in the number of cows milked, but 
from what I can learn they are not yield¬ 
ing as much milk as last year. There are 
but two creameries in this vicinity; the 
principal benefit derived from them is a 
sharp competition between the creamery 
and the shipping station in prices. The 
producers are benefited by this in the sec¬ 
tions where these creameries are located, 
and we have been able to make some use 
of them in the sale of our milk, although 
they are six or seven miles away. 
TJnadilla Forks, N. Y. H. p. c. 
I have a farm of 100 acres, worth about 
$4,000, on which I keep an average for 
the year of 15 milch cows, young stock 
and three horses. My cows last year were 
mostly two, three and four years old. I 
received from them from March 1, 1901, 
to March 1, 1902, 42,718 quarts of milk, 
which netted $933.24. I raised six acres 
of corn, which filled a silo 12 x 12 feet in¬ 
side, 24 feet deep when settled; eight acres 
of oats, 220 bushels. Oats were very light 
in this section last year. I had about 20 
tons of hay; bought $125 worth of feed. It 
takes myself and hired man at $200 and 
board for one year to do the work on 
farm. Perhaps from this you can get the 
figures you desire. In regard to the milk 
situation, the farmers In this place last 
Fall started to build a condensery; bought 
the site, put up the building, bought con¬ 
densing apparatus, but ran short o'f funds 
before completion, so rented the plant to 
Howell Bros., of Goshen, N. Y., for two 
years, they to furnish funds to complete 
the plant. They pay not less than 25 per 
cent for seven months, and 20 per cent 
for five months off New York Exchange 
price and pay the 20th of each month. 
They are now receiving about 240 40-quart 
cans of milk dally. J. J. H. 
Delhi, N. Y._ 
Asparagus Rust.— Generally through this 
section the Asparagus rust was not as 
bad last year as the year before. The year 
previous it was still worse, showing on the 
tops during the latter part of the growing 
season. Extra feeding of nitrogenous fer¬ 
tilizers has not diminished the rust in my 
case, for I have used only stable and corn¬ 
stalk manures mixed, made on the farm, 
for several years. I cut the patch very 
late last year, expecting to tear it out, 
but have not done so, and am cutting it 
this year. I do not think that late cut¬ 
ting is very Injurious, as the rust usually 
strikes about a certain stage of growth 
of the tops, and the cutting is not so in¬ 
jurious as the rust. e. t. f. 
New Jersey. 
Wtndmtt.t, Work.— I keep 20 cows, and 
have not been to a grist mill since T have 
had my windmill, four years. Of course. 
I get out of cut stalks once in a while, but 
then I feed hay. I have not fed a whole 
stalk since I had the windmill, and have 
cut 20 acres some Winters. I use a three- 
quarter-inch cut. Tf you are in a valley 
or have not a good exposure in the direc¬ 
tion of the prevailing wind in cold weather 
I would not buy a windmill. T am on a 
hill, and have nothing to break the force 
of wind except in the southeast. If you 
have over 25 or 30 head of stock I would 
get a 14 or 16-foot wheel. Plan to have 
your corn barn and oat bin combined, and 
If possible where you will not have to 
load either to get them to the. grinder, and 
have the meal spouted or elevated to your 
stable. j. h. w. 
Madison Lake, Ohio. 
44 FRUIT ef THE LOOM.” 
Men and women of taste and judgment 
go into ecstacies over the wonderful pat¬ 
terns, textures and colors which are ” the 
fruit of the loom." But there is one 
fruit of the loom 
they rarely con¬ 
sider, and that is 
the frail and faded 
woman, old before 
her time, because 
necessity compels 
her to work under 
conditions, which 
send her more 
favored sister to 
bed and the doc¬ 
tor’s care. 
The diseases 
which weaken and 
torment women, 
may in almost all 
cases be cured by 
the use of Dr. 
Pierce’s Favorite 
Prescription. 11 
establishes regu¬ 
larity, dries weak¬ 
ening drains, heals 
inflammation and 
ulceration, and 
cures female weak¬ 
ness. 
■I had female trouble for eight years,” writes 
Mrs. L. J. Dennis, of I2S Kast College Street, 
Jacksonville, Ills. "Words css net express what 
1 suffered. / sought rtlitf among tin medical 
profession and found non*. Friends urged me to 
try Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescription. When I 
commenced taking this medicine I weighed 
ninety-five pounds. Now I weigh one hundred 
and nfty-six pound*—more than I ever weighed 
before. I was so bad I would lie from day to 
day and long for death to come and relieve my 
suffering. I had internal inflammation, a dis¬ 
agreeable drain, brearing-down pain, and such 
distress every month, but now I never have a 
ain—do ail my own work and am a strong and 
ealthy woman.” 
«Favorite Prescription" makes weak 
women strong, sick women well. Accept 
no substitute for the medicine which 
works wonders for weak women. 
Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets should be 
used with ” Favorite Prescription M when¬ 
ever a laxative is required. 
Books Worth Buying. 
The Soil. F. H. King.$0.75 
How Crops Grow. S. W. Johnson.1.50 
How Crops Feed. S. W. Johnson.1.50 
Modification of Plants by Climate.10 
Fertility of the Land. Roberts. 1.25 
Fertilizers. Voorhees . 1.00 
Talks on Manures. Harris. 1.50 
Manures, Making and Handling. 
Sempers .40 
Garden Making. Hunn and Bailey.1.00 
Horticulturist’s Rule Book. Bailey.75 
Forcing Book. Bailey . 1.0Q 
Nursery Book. Bailey .1.00 
Young Market Gardener. Greiner.50 
New Rhubarb Culture. Morse.50 
Asparagus Culture. Hexamer .§Q 
The Cauliflower. Crozler. 1.00 
Cabbages. Gregory .30 
Onions. Gregory .30 
The New Horticulture. Strlngfellow... .60 
Ginseng. M. G. Kalns.35 
Farm Poultry. G. C. Watson.1.2Ej 
The Domestic Sheep. H. Stewart.1:50 
Feeds and Feeding. Henry. 2.00 
Feeding of Animals. Jordan. 1.25 
Animal Breeding. Thomas Shaw.1.50 
Farmers’ Veterinary Adviser. Law_3.00 
Milk and Its Products. Wing. 1.00 
Milk Making and Marketing.10 
Harris on the Pig. 1.00 
Swine Husbandry. Coburn.1.50 
Soiling and Ensilage. Peer. 1.00 
A B C of Bee Culture. Root.1.25 
Life of the Bee. Maeterlinck. 1.40 
Principles of Fruit Growing. Bailey... 1.25 
American Fruit Culturist. Thomas_2.50 
Pruning Book. Bailey .1.50 
Bush Fruits. Card . 1.50 
Plums and Plum Culture. Waugh.1.50 
Field Notes on Apple Culture. Bailey.. .76 
Fruit Harvesting and Marketing. 
Waugh .1.00 
Canning and Preserving. Young.10 
How to Plan the Home Grounds. Par¬ 
sons .1.00 
Landscape Gardening. Waugh .50 
Landscape Gardening. Long.50 
Picturesque Gardens. Henderson .2.50 
Hedges and Windbreaks. Powell.50 
The Farmstead. I. P. Roberts.1.25 
How to Plant a place. Long.10 
Handkerchief Garden. Barnard.10 
Lessons with Plants. Bailey.1.10 
Plant Breeding. Bailey.1.00 
Story of the Plants. Grant Allen.40 
Familiar Trees and Their Leaves. 
Matthews .1.5^ 
The Rose. Ellwanger . 1.25 
How to Know Wild Flowers. Dana... 2.00 
How to Grow Cut Flowers. Hunt.2.00 
Violet Culture. Galloway .1.50 
Insects Injurious to Staple Crops. San¬ 
derson . 1.50 
Economic Entomology. J. B. Smith... 2.50 
Fumigated Methods. W. H. Johnson.. 1.00 
Spraying of Plants. Lodeman. 1.00 
