528 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
August 2 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
SOWING OATS IN RASPBERRIES. 
Reader, New York .—Would you advise me 
to sow oats after raspberries are picked? 
My desire is to provide something that will 
make good Winter protection and be easily 
plowed under. 
I should think the oats would have the 
same effect as weeds, and as I have al¬ 
ways had best results by thoroughly 
cleaning out all plantations after fruit¬ 
ing I am not in favor of the plan. 
Homewood, Pa. w. a. f. 
Oats have been seeded here among 
strawberries, etc., as a Winter mulch, 
but not with any degree of success. The 
practice has been abandoned. The oats 
did not all die during the Winter, and 
caused considerable trouble growing in 
the Spring. citas. wiuoht. 
Delaware. 
I think for best results the raspberries 
should have thorough cultivation until 
the end of picking season, then clean 
out all the old canes at once and seed 
with oats. The oats will make a consid¬ 
erable growth and cover the ground 
during the Fall. They will be killed by 
frost during Winter and will not inter¬ 
fere with early Spring cultivation. I 
know of no better plan than the above. 
Trumansburg, N. Y. d. r. r. 
I have never used oats, but Crimson 
clover and rye for several years with 
very good success. The only drawback 
in using oats is that they winterkill, 
and when the mulch is really most need¬ 
ed the ground will be bare, where if 
Crimson clover or rye had been sown 
there would be a good sod and live 
roots in the soil all Winter, and then 
there would be something to plow under 
in the Spring. This year we mulched 
our strawberries with buckwheat straw 
and chaff, and it worked to our entire 
satisfaction, but we generally use fresh 
horse manure and cut straw. We have 
had eight years’ experience in mulching 
small fruits. c. vanderbilt. 
Wayne Co., N. Y. 
I have had no experience in growing 
oats to serve as a Winter mulch for 
small fruits; but I think to be of much 
account to raspberries and blackberries 
it would have to be so thick as to im¬ 
pede or seriously interfere with proper 
cultivation the next Spring; I do not 
think it would pay. I would much pre¬ 
fer a mulch of manure, and in the 
Spring work it in the soil with a culti¬ 
vator. If strawberries are grown in 
narrow rows a mulch of oats might be 
beneficial to hold moisture during a dry 
period, but even in this case I would 
prefer the manure and a thorough stir¬ 
ring of the soil between the rows. If 
the object of sowing oats for a Winter 
mulch is to prevent the heaving up of 
the plants by the action of the frost, I 
think it would fail in its purpose, unless 
so thick as to choke and smother the 
plants; I would not advise planting 
small fruits on that kind of land. I 
think a heavy mulch of oats would be 
beneficial to currants and gooseberries 
after they come to bearing age, as tney 
will thrive more without cultivation if 
heavily mulched. w. h. s. 
Rocky Hill, N. J. 
Legal Status of Diseased Peach Trees. 
K. tINew York .—What is the law in New 
York with regard to the removal of dis¬ 
eased peach trees from orchards? 
Axs.—The law says that no person 
shall knowingly keep any peach, al¬ 
mond, apricot or nectarine tree affected 
with yellows, nor any plum, cherry or 
other tree affected with black-knot. This 
matter is in the hands of the Commis¬ 
sioner of Agriculture. When he has 
reason to believe that such contagious 
disease exists, it is his duty to send a 
competent person to take such measures 
as may be necessary to get rid of the in¬ 
fected trees. 
Twig Blight of the Apple. 
J. JJ. S., Wapakoneta, O.—l see through the 
country a great many large apple trees on 
which the new growth is dying. It starts 
at the end of the limb and follows down 
it. Some trees have from BO to 100 dead 
limbs on them. The leaves die also, and the 
disease has the appearance of Pear blight. 
I can see no trace of insects? 
Ans. —This is commonly known as 
Twig blight of the apple, because it 
usually affects only the twigs of apple 
trees, and the same is true of the 
quince, for it affects quince trees in the 
same way. It is the same disease that 
is known as Pear blight when it af¬ 
fects that tree. There is no remedy 
when it is once in the tree except to cut 
away all the affected parts of the 
branch. This is very difficult to do, be¬ 
cause it is almost impossible to tell how 
far down the affection goes, especially 
in the growing season. During the dor¬ 
mant period the disease is not active, 
and that is the best time to cut away 
and burn the branches that show evi¬ 
dence of it. It usually dies out and the 
healthy wood comes up to the dead wood 
in which there are no living germs of 
the blight; but where the branches are 
only in a feeble and unhealthy condition 
the disease is apt to be present. Such 
branches are the most important ones 
to be destroyed. As this malady is in¬ 
fectious and may be transmitted by ip- 
sects and other means its prevention is 
very difficult, if not practically impos¬ 
sible. If all the affected branches in a 
neighborhood were destroyed the disease 
would have to be reintroduced, but so 
long as there are sources of infection 
in the vicinity trees will be subject to 
the trouble. Fortunately apple trees are 
rarely badly affected, and then usually 
at the tips of their branches, where the 
next season’s growth is likely soon to 
repair the damage, h. e. van deman. 
Did Pruning Kill the Trees ? 
J. P. TV., Revere, Mann .—I had a Baldwin 
apple tree and a Bartlett pear tree that 
failed to leaf out this past season. My 
neighbors tell me that I killed them by 
pruning them too much. I did the pruning 
long before the sap began to run. The 
ground is low and drainage bad, with only 
about 18 inches of top soil. We have a 
blue clay bottom all through this section, 
and I am of the opinion that the cause is 
right there. Upon digging up the stumps 
I found the big roots all rotted away, al¬ 
though just outside of my fence is a good- 
sized pear orchard, and none of those 
trees has died. The bark on my apple 
trees was all full of white specks, and had 
become separated from the wood, and con¬ 
siderable slime or dampness was all over 
each of the limbs between the bark and 
wood proper. I used kerosene two seasons 
ago to spray the limbs and trunks so as 
to kill parasites. I have one pear tree, and 
it is alive and bearing fruit. It got just 
the same treatment as the trees that wilt¬ 
ed. I must add that the Bartlett pear tree 
has thrown out shoots from the bottom 
that are now about two feet in height. I 
feel badly over those trees, as I am only a 
tenant. Do you think I caused their decay 
by pruning? I simply cut down and out 
all the slender and weak tips, and 
branches that crossed. I scraped and 
broke off all of the small suckers that 
grow out all over the branches and limbs. 
I did this at the instigation of a member 
of the Everett Park Commission. He told 
me that the suckers took all of the life 
from the trees. 
Ans. —It is not probable that the 
pruning did any damage whatever to 
the trees mentioned, but rather, that it 
would have done them good if they had 
not died. The cause of their death was 
very likely some disease of the roots, 
that may have been induced by unsuit¬ 
able soil conditions. Low ground is not 
good for apple or pear trees or many 
other kinds of fruit trees. The kero¬ 
sene may have injured them, as this is 
a very dangerous thing about vegeta¬ 
tion of all kinds and should be used 
very wisely and moderately. Suckers 
should not be allowed to grow about 
the base, but they sometimes are need¬ 
ed to renew the tops of trees. 
H. e. v. D. 
A Permanent Pasture for Delaware. 
G. IV., Townsend, Del.—I want to lay down 
a permanent pasture of 40 acres. When 
should it be plowed; what kinds of seed 
should be used, and how much to the acre? 
Ans. —Attempts to seed permanent 
pastures in Delaware are not common, 
we think. We should think that rotat¬ 
ed crops of cow peas, clover, corn, sor¬ 
ghum and Alfalfa would pay better. 
Prof. Bishop, of the Agricultural Col¬ 
lege at Newark, Del., suggests the fol¬ 
lowing mixture of seeds; “Six or seven 
pounds each Red-top, Kentucky Blue 
grass. Orchard grass, Meadow fescue 
and Timothy, with three or four pounds 
Red clover, one pound White clover, 
and if the land is moist one pound 
Alsike clover per acre.” He also says: 
“I have had good success in seeding 
Timothy alone in the early Fall (Au¬ 
gust) here, and it would seem to me 
largely a matter of of convenience in 
seeding a pasture whether it should be 
done in the early Fall or in the Spring, 
with the choice in favor of the Fall, if 
the weather is favorable and it is at all 
possible to have the land ready. If the 
land can be left bare during tnis Sum¬ 
mer, plow as soon as possible and work 
at intervals until a first-rate seed-bed 
is secured. Sow the grass seed the lat¬ 
ter part of August. The clover would 
better be put on in the Spring. Last 
year we sowed Red and Mammoth 
clover, Alfalfa, etc., July 22, and they 
went through the Winter in good con¬ 
dition.” 
Brightwood Silo Coating 
w A $n proof 
Will not scale. Perfect preservative for Inside of 
silos. May be applied to new or old wood. Crane’s 
Prolific Ensilage Corn (30 tons ensilage or 180 
bushels ears per acre). Write for prices. 
THE AGRICULTURAL 8TORE. Springfield, Mass 
!*■__ Cski* -No m ore of them. Sow my 
union wOlS hardy White, earliest, Yellow 
and Red. 3 kinds. Send for testimonials and prices. 
BEAULIEU, the Onion Specialist, Woodhaven, N.Y. 
Crimson Clover Seed.—New crop now 
ready. R. 8. JOHNSTON, Box 4. Stockley, Del. 
/"\RDERS booked now for new crop Crimson Clover 
seed ready June 16. Popular prices. Seed guar¬ 
anteed. Write JOHN J. ROSA, Milford, Del. 
■“ _ | 600 bushels Early Black Cow 
l" Ol OalO Peas, *2 bu.; 100 bushels Early 
Black-eyed Peas. $2 bushel; 600 bushels Delaware- 
grown Crimson Clover Seed. $3.50 bushel. 
J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del. 
Plftl6CUf*~We have grown the Plants since 
UUlvdlU 1893. Plants and Seed for Sale. 
LYNDEN GINSENG AND STOCK FARM, 
Silas Tlmerman & Son. Clockvllle. N. Y. 
Mammoth White Winter Seed Rye. 
Will mail circular with picture of Rye shown at 
Pan-American Exposition on receipt of postal. Pic¬ 
ture In Aug. 1 Farm and Home. K. L. CLARKSON, 
Tivoli, N. Y. Refer by permission to The R. N.-Y. 
Big New Seed Wheats. 
Strong, vigorous new blood; pure, clean, fly-proof; 
Immense ylelders. Samples and catalogue No. 45 free 
for the asking. Our choice graded seed will double 
your yield. Maplewood Stock Farm, Maplewood, Mich 
S EED WHEAT—Dawson Golden Chaff, American 
Bronze. Fultz-Mediterranean, Harvest King, 
Rudy. Fulcaste . from heavy yielding fields Clean; 
moderate prices. Samples free. Circular shows re¬ 
sults of comparative tests made at experiment sta¬ 
tions. A. H. HOFFMAN, Bamford, Pa. 
Celery Plants —Giant Pascal, Golden 
Heart. Boston Market and White Plume at $1 per 
1,000; 15c. per 100. Caleb Boggs &8on, Cheswold, Del. 
PEI EDV III AllTC~ not spindling ones 
UCLEnl r Lftll I O and not ralsedhy Irri¬ 
gation method—$1.50 per thousand. CLOVER SEED 
—Choice, clean Crimson or Scarlet of m y own raising. 
$4perbu.: sacks free. J. C. ELLIS, Millsboro, Del 
CELERY PLANTS S 5c I STAMP. R 
White Plume and Giant Pascal, transplanted, strong, 
$2 per 1,000; White Plume, not transplanted, $1.20 
per 1.000. LUDWIG MOSByEK, 8500 Anthony Ave.. 
South Ch'cago, Ill. 
Fruit & Ornamental, 
Shrubs, Roses, Bulbs 
and Plants. 
Correspondence solic¬ 
ited.Valuable Catalogue fr»». 
49th year. 44 greenhouses. 1000 acres. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., 
Painesville, Ohio. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See our guarantee 8th page. 
Will produce a full crop of berries 
next June, if planted this Summer. 
DREER’S 
Mid-Summer Catalogue 
offers a choice line of these; also Celery, 
Cabbaqe, Cauliflower and other season¬ 
able plants. Writo for copy, FREE. 
HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa. 
D WYER’S Summer and Au¬ 
tumn Catalogue (now ready) 
of Pot-Grown Strawberry Plants, 
Celery, Cabbage, etc. Pot-Grown 
Clematis, Honeysuckle, Ivy, etc. 
A full line of Fruit and Ornamen¬ 
tal Trees Vines and Plants. 
This Catalogue, with beautiful colored plates, 
mailed free—write for It. T. J. DWYER & SON, 
Orange County Nurseries, Box 1, Cornwall, N. Y. 
You gain a year by planting pot 
grown plants; they will bear 
fruit the first season (next June) 
the Wonderful Shasta Daisy 
flowers measuring 4 inches In diameter. Hand- 
Bomecolored plateand full description in Vick’s 
Catalogue of Bulbs, Plants and Sinnll 
Fruits for fall planting. Catalogue FltKE for 
the asking. 
.TAMES VICK’S SONS 
Box 1598 Rochester, N.Y. 
STRAWBERRY 
RANTS 
Potted Strawberry Plants, July I. 
T. C. KEVITT, Athenla. N. J. 
Trees, Vines and Plants. 
Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum and Cherry Trees, 
of all the leading varieties, In any quantity, at very 
low prices Trees, extra flno, free from scaleor Insect 
pests. Wc offer, by the thousand or carload, a beau 
tifullotof Peaeh Trees. Don t miss writln us for 
prices on them, and for handsonc descriptive'•ata- 
logue. One dormant bud <ree of our new Liston 
peach mailed free to each person answering this 
advertisement- Add m ss 
THE VILLAGE NURSERIES, Ilarnedsvllie, Pa. 
TREE PLANTING IN FALL 
Is recommended by horticulturists of highest author 
ity. The soil is alwayb in better condition, tho trees 
are dormant and start early in Spring, and any pos¬ 
sible loss on account of unfavorable weather ( lie fol¬ 
lowing season Is prevented by Fall planting My 
catalogue is free. MARTIN WAHL, Rochester, N Y. 
Strongest Guarantee under the Sun. See Rogers’ 5 to l.jgj 
Tree Breeders. ROGERS ON THE HILL, Dansville, N. Y. 
Honest, Reliable, Free from all Diseases 
Shade, Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Berries and Small 
Fruits. Our assortment is complete. Secure varieties 
™ . , now. Pay when you want stock shipped. Our prices 
free to everybody. Write for it. yy £ PAY FREIGHT t 
win J- **=• " ^ w evci.voouy. w rue ior 
8UEKRIN S Wholesale Nurseries, DANSVILLE, N. Y. 
