1902 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
537 
MARKET NOTES 
LAKE SHIPMENTS.—On account of the 
length of time required for the trip, lake 
steamers cannot compete with the rail¬ 
roads for rush shipments from adjoining 
sections to the East, yet an extensive 
business is done in goods on which more 
time is allowed. During June eastbound 
freight through the canals comprised 5,- 
636,972 bushels of wheat; 3,348,261 tons of 
iron ore; 1,055,267 barrels of hour; 152,668 
thousand feet of lumber, and 16,834 tons of 
copper. In the westbound shipments were 
70.051 barrels salt, 660,860 tons of coal, and 
22,160 tons of manufactured iron; the total 
amount carried east was 3,944,004 tons, and 
west 777,604. About 4,500 passengers were 
carried each way. 
COFFEE.—The world's production of 
coffee for the year ending June 30 was 
nearly 20,000,000 bags. This was consider¬ 
ably in excess of the amount required, 
leaving a surplus of about 4,000,000 bags. 
Three-fourths of all the coffee produced 
is grown in Brazil. The ports of Rio and 
Santos are the chief points of export. Cli¬ 
matic conditions for the past few months 
have been most favorable tor the Brazilian 
coffee plantations, and the outlook for the 
corning crop in Brazil, Central America 
and Mexico indicates a further increased 
yield. Considerable coffee is said to be 
tied up in Venezuela, as, owing to the un¬ 
settled condition of the government, trans¬ 
portation facilities have been upset. In 
parts of Brazil remote from railroads cof¬ 
fee has been held on account of prices be¬ 
ing too low to pay for having it carried 
by mules to shipping points. The rail¬ 
roads are reaching out to the more re¬ 
mote points and picking up additional sup¬ 
plies. On the whole the probabilities are 
tnat price will drop rather than advance 
during the coming year. 
FARM TOOL EXPORTS.—In 10 months 
of the fiscal year our exports of agricul¬ 
tural machinery amounted to nearly $13,- 
000,000. France and Argentina were the 
largest single customers, each taking 
about $1,700,000 worth. Germany came next 
with $1,300,000, and the United Kingdom 
and Australasia followed with $779,450 and 
$717,800 respectively. Export trade in these 
goods is now more than five times as 
great as 10 years ago. In the manufacture 
of agricultural implements the United 
States leads all other countries. This is 
not so much on account of inventive gen¬ 
ius or manufacturing facilities superior to 
those of Europe, but largely because of 
the necessities of farm operations as car¬ 
ried on here. The size of farms is so great 
and labor so scarce and high that the 
work could not be done profitably by hand. 
In parts of Europe hand mowing and simi¬ 
lar primitive methods are still in use, as 
the conditions are entirely different. 
Everything is done on a small scale, work¬ 
men get small pay, and living expenses 
are light, so that matters are evened up. 
FRESH FRUITS.—New apples of fair 
quality are becoming plentiful. They go 
mostly as Sweet and Sour Bough and As- 
trachan. Often the shipper does not know 
the correct variety, and the dealers do not 
care what name is tacked on the fruit so 
long as it sells. Some hand-picked are 
bringing as high as $2.75 per barrel or 50 
cents per half-bushel basket. During the 
week there has been a surplus of peaches 
and prices have been cut. The demand 
is very good at present, and there is no 
prospect of any serious glut. Elberta is 
still the leading variety and as it reaches 
the consumer really appears to have more 
good qualities than any other kind now 
here. Other sorts on hand are Belle of 
Georgia, Chinese Free, Thurber, Stump, 
Mountain Rose and Crawford. Home¬ 
grown Japan plums are so plentiful that 
prices are extremely low, Abundance 
wholesaling as low as 15 cents per eight- 
pound basket. Cherries are high, eight- 
pound baskets have sold for 90 cents. Ber¬ 
ries of all kinds are meeting a poor de¬ 
mand, as they cannot compete with 
peaches and more attractive fruit. The 
weather has been too cool to promote 
heavy watermelon sales. Muskmelons are 
arriving from California, Arizona and the 
South. The Arizona product leads in qual¬ 
ity at present. 
APPLE BOXES.—“What is the cost of 
the apple boxes mentioned in The R. N.- 
V., page 494? About how many apples do 
they hold, and what prices are received 
for the fruit?” m. 
New York. 
The cost of iho boxes will, of course, de¬ 
pend upon the price of material and the 
quantities in which they are manufac- 
Double the value of your corn crop. 
How? By using the McCormick corn 
binder and the McCormick husker and 
shredder.— Adv. 
tured. An ordinary carpenter with no spe¬ 
cial experience in box building would make 
a slow and expensive jod of it. but the 
expert boxmaker is a different animal. 
With material cut the proper size and ar¬ 
ranged so as to be handy, he grinds out 
boxes at a surprising rate. Box making 
contests are interesting. Various cham¬ 
pions get together and entertain the au¬ 
dience with exhibitions of their skill. On 
the Pacific coast, where the boxes men¬ 
tioned were made, lumber is plentiful and 
the packages are manufactured in large 
quantities, doubtless costing much less 
than would be possible in the East, ex¬ 
cept near large wooded districts. A farm¬ 
er who has pine timber and wishes to try 
this experiment might cut a few logs and 
have the stuff sawn to the proper length 
and thickness. At odd times during the 
Winter he could cut the lumber into box 
shooks, or make up the boxes if there is 
a suitable place to store them. It would 
be a great mistake to leave them exposed 
to the weather or where dust and filth 
can accumulate on them. The California 
boxed apples during the past season have 
retailed at anywhere from $2 to $4 per box. 
These apples are put in clean boxes, each 
fruit wrapped in paper all put one side up 
in layers, and very nearly of uniform size 
and quality. Boxing apples is one of those 
jobs that cannot be slighted. If one is not 
willing to take pains to do it properly he 
might as well not try. We have seen nu¬ 
merous crude attempts at shipping apples 
in this way. In most cases the boxes were 
made of heavy stuff, three-fourths inch 
or thicker, evidently the odds and ends of 
old boards, and the apples were poured in, 
not even being graded. w. w. h. 
PEACHES IN NORTH CAROLINA. 
We have in our market orchard at 
Southern Pines, N. C., on a high sandy 
ridge, the peaches mentioned below, near¬ 
ly an equal number of each variety, and 
from 2,000 to 2,500 trees of each, except 
Carman, of which we have something 
near 4,000 now in nice bearing condition. 
The Sneed, which ripens earliest, we com¬ 
menced shipping May 31, and we did bet¬ 
ter with that variety than we have ever 
done before. It really brought us more 
money, according to the number of acres, 
than any of the later varieties, not ex¬ 
cepting the Carman. The cause of this 
was that we had an extremely long, hot 
drought in that section for about six 
weeks; consequently all later varieties 
were more or less injured. They were 
smaller than usual, and the color was not 
as good, on account of the severe drought 
and heat. The public, as a rule, is famil¬ 
iar with most of these varieties, such as 
Sneed, Greensboro, Triumph and Hynes 
Surprise, which have done fairly well con¬ 
sidering the season. Carman and Connett 
are the two peaches that ripen exactly to¬ 
gether, and the best one of the two to 
plant largely is what is wanted. The Con¬ 
nett is a little tender in bloom, as in one 
low place in our orchard we had 700 trees 
of this which failed entirely. In other 
places equally as low where we had Car¬ 
man there was a good crop, so it clearly 
shows that the Carman is much more 
hardy in bloom, and will bear almost any¬ 
where it is put, and when It comes to 
quality it is much superior to the Connett. 
In some cases the Connett is larger, but 
it hasn’t the color, so I should prefer the 
Carman as a market peach or for family 
use, even if they were both equally hardy 
in bloom. In planting a market orchard 
of these varieties I could not recommend 
the Sneed, although it paid the best this 
season for the reason mentioned above, 
and that only. For market purposes I 
would recommend Greensboro and Car¬ 
man, Greensboro for the earliest market 
peach and Carman following, as it comes 
in very close. We have some other varie¬ 
ties not yet fully tested, which we hope 
to report on next year. j. van lindley. 
ALL SORTS. 
The Vanishing Farm Hand.—I notice 
inquiries as to what has become of the 
farm hands. They are up here and in 
other mining countries digging out gold 
and silver, as this pays them better than 
farm work. alasica farmer. 
There is no money in growing rasp¬ 
berries, as 500 bushels of strawberries can 
be raised on an acre. Strawberries have 
been a fair crop; the price has been seven 
to 13 cents a quart. l. h. k. 
Union Center, N. Y. 
Saved From Beet Pulp.— Last Spring I 
was about to buy some beet pulp at $5 per 
ton, but was deterred from so doing by an 
article I saw in your paper. I would have 
had to draw it 10 miles at that, and upon 
investigation found the stuff was really 
worth $1.50 per ton, so did not buy. w. w. 
New York. 
Connecticut Birds.—M y experience with 
cherries this year has been that the birds - 
took pretty much all I had except a very 
few that were picked before they were 
fully ripe. It has never been so bad be¬ 
fore, and I hope some one may find a way 
whereby the owners of cherry trees may 
be enabled to have a part of the fruit for 
themselves. It seem to be about time that 
the theory that birds live upon insects was 
altered a little to fit the facts. Cherries 
being gone, they are now beginning on 
raspberries and currants. reader. 
A City Farmer.—I notice considerable 
Interest in the articles showing what city 
people can do on the farm. I left the of¬ 
fice in 1896 at your suggestion, and went 
to Cornell for a year. I now have 200 acres 
of fine land; 75 in fruit; trees are bearing 
peaches, plums and cherries. I expect to 
grow strawberries very largely, as I find 
my land especially adapted to them. I 
shall make a special study of irrigation 
the coming year, as I have fine springs 
and branch that can be used for irrigat¬ 
ing 50 to 75 acres of valley lands at foot 
of orchard. s. r. c. 
Georgia. 
Apples for Vermont.— I am not satisfied 
with the reply of our State Horticulturist, 
F. A. Waugh, to a Massachusetts inquirer 
for the best varieties of apples for Ver¬ 
mont. I have learned by experience and 
observation that good varieties as well as 
Ben Davis will flourish in this part of Ver¬ 
mont (eastern, midway from north and 
south) with expert knowledge or care. I 
can mention some of them: Fameuse, Non¬ 
such, Wealthy, Rhode Island Greening, 
Tracy Greening, Pewaukee, Bethel and 
Scott Winter. There are other varieties 
that do well and are fit for some other 
purpose than to kill a dog with. I only 
name those I know. j. p. sargent. 
Orange Co., Vt. 
Good Water Pipe.— In 1863 my father 
laid a water lime and tile pipe to conduct 
water from a spring to the house and 
barn, and It has practically had no re¬ 
pairs since. Common horseshoe tile were 
laid and surrounded with water lime. 
Water lime and sand were used two and 
one. One barrel of lime laid five rods of 
pipe; 15 barrels were used at a cost of $1.12 
per barrel. Tile cost $8 per 1,000. Total 
cost of material was $25. Fall of water is 
not over 10 feet on a quite uniform grade. 
Wooden air plugs were put in at the high 
places, and as these rotted out I replaced 
them with one-half inch iron pipe with 
stop cocks, reaching nearly to the surface 
of the ground, enclosed by wooden boxes. 
These latter will in future be replaced by 
cement pipe, or iron boxes. The daily flow 
has never been calculated by me, but it 
supplies two watering troughs for cattle, 
two tubs for household use and two tanks 
for setting milk cans in; and there is a 
considerable surplus. g. s. g. 
Newport, N. Y. 
Tiie Berlin Lokalanzeiger gives some de¬ 
tails from Prof. Behring’s work on tuber¬ 
culosis, which is the result of six years’ 
research. The Professor maintains that 
bacilli taken from tuberculous people and 
murrain cattle are of the same species. 
The morphological and biological differ¬ 
ences in their appearance, size, and viru¬ 
lence may be explained by the difference 
in adaptability of tuberculosis bacilli to 
vital conditions of respective organisms. 
The similarity of tuberculosis bacillus in 
man and in cattle is, it is said, proved by 
chemical and physiological similarity in 
the nature of the specific poison of each. 
It is further shown by immunity obtained 
in cattle against cattle tuberculosis by 
means of previous inoculation with bacilli 
obtained from human beings. Prof. Beh¬ 
ring asserts that he has successfully ren¬ 
dered young cattle immune against viru¬ 
lent tuberculosis bacilli by means of pre¬ 
vious inoculation with living tuberculous 
bacilli of inferior virulence, and thinks 
that his treatment will prove of inestim¬ 
able value in combating the disease. 
Lively Orchard Notes.— I am in love 
with Hairy vetch, Vicia villosa. Have 
tried it two years and this season sowed 
it in all our orchards (except 10 acres, 
where I am experimenting with sod, ma¬ 
nure and straw). Will put in some after 
beans with rye, and plow under next 
Spring for beans again. I think it beats 
Crimson clover all out of sight every 
way, and if you would try it would say 
so too. In one orchard with rows 60 feet 
and trees 30 feet in row I have sown Mam¬ 
moth clover, vetch and just a few cow 
peas, for a strip as far as the limbs ex¬ 
tend, and between have sown Alfalfa. I 
shall cut, use a side-delivery rake, shoot 
the Alfalfa under the trees and use South 
Carolina rock for pbosphoric acid, making 
the Alfalfa pump up part of the potash 
and furnish all the nitrogen. The trees 
will have to dig up the rest of the potash 
themselves. As they are on strong land 
that has lots of potash I shall not have 
to buy manure and weed seeds and do the 
hard work of hauling manure. 
Orleans Co. c. allis. 
Physicians are calling attention to the 
fact that influenza or grip has come to 
stay. In the larger cities there has been 
a marked increase in diseases affecting 
the organs of respiration, which increase 
is attributed to the prevalence of influ¬ 
enza. Persons who are recovering from 
grip or influenza are in a weak condition 
and peculiarly liable to pulmonary dis¬ 
ease. 
Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery 
cures coughs, bronchitis, lung ” trouble ” 
and other diseases of the organs of res¬ 
piration. It is the best tonic medicine 
for those whose strength and vitality 
have been exhausted by an attack of grip. 
It purifies the blood, cleansing it of 
the poisonous accumulations which breed 
and feed disease. It gives increased ac¬ 
tivity to the blood-making glands, and 
so increases the supply of pure blood, 
rich with the red corpuscles of health. 
”A word for your ‘Golden Medical Discov¬ 
ery,’ ” writes Mrs. E. A. Bender, of Keene, 
Coshocton Co., Ohio. "We have been using it 
as a family medicine for more than four years. 
As a cough remedy and blood-purifier there is 
nothing better, and after having the grip Dr. 
Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery is just the 
right medicine for a complete bracing up.” 
Accept no substitute for " Golden Med¬ 
ical Discovery.” There is nothing "just 
as good” for diseases of the stomach, 
blood, and lungs. 
The sluggish liver is made active by 
the use of Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets. 
| Acre or corn 
and its possibilities nnder the Silage 
system—being the theme of 
“A BOOK ON SILAGE " 
By Prof. F. W. WOLL 
j of the University of H isconsin. Revised and up-to-date, nest- 
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V—Comparison of Silage and other Feeds. 
VI—The Silo in Modern Agriculture, 
I And illustrations and complete plans for round and 
rectangular silos, dairy barns, tables of com¬ 
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Salem, Ohio. 
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The best Ensilage nnd Fodder Cutter on earth, 
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Send for special Illustrated Cata¬ 
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T 
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attached. Will thrash more grain with less power 
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