64o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
September 20 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Pump for a 300-Foot Well. 
8. H., Carthage, Mo.— I have a drilled well 
300 feet deep, and wish to put in a pump to 
pump 1,000 gallons per hour. It will have 
to raise the water 250 feet and elevate 40 
feet into tank directly above well. For 
power I intend to use gasoline engine. 
What size of cylinder should I use, what 
size of pipe, and what kind of pump head? 
What size of engine is required? Would 
it pe better to have pipe a size larger than 
cylinder, and let cylinder down inside? 
Ans. —In order to raise 1,000 gallons 
of water per hour from a depth of 250 
feet and to a height of 40 feet there will 
need to be expended 1.25 horse-power in 
work, provided there were no other re¬ 
sistances to be overcome. The addi¬ 
tional resistances will vary with the 
kind of pump and the piping, and are 
likely to be somewhat more than the 
actual work performed. It is my im¬ 
pression that in order to pump this 
amount of water satisfactorily a three 
horse-power gasoline engine would be 
needed, which should be attached to a 
well-built piston pump provided with 
belt wheel. The size of pulleys will 
have to be adjusted to give the proper 
speed of pump and engine. For a deep 
well pump it is necessary to have the 
construction such that the cylinder can 
be taken out occasionally for packing 
and repairs, and it would be preferable 
doubtless to have a casing in the well 
larger than the cylinder. 
E. C. CARPENTER. 
Tardy Bearing Apples. 
M. E. O., Sterling Junction, Mass .—I have 
an apple orchard of 150 trees planted nine 
years, mostly Baldwin, that have made a 
good growth. The trunks are from five to 
seven Inches In diameter, but no apples 
yet except a few Gravenstein and McIn¬ 
tosh, and they are all out o t shape from 
curculio stings. I have grown lots of 
plums in the henyards for the last five 
years, and I think that is where so many 
curculios come from, as I have caught 
them on apples, plums and peaches, 
and it is the same little Turk every time. 
Is it not about time to cut down those 
apple trees and cast them into the fire? 
They have been cultivated nearly every 
year with some hoed crop between the 
injury. Owing to the wet weather this 
year this last-named disease has been 
unusually bad. The scab germs take 
hold very readily during such times, 
and the sprays are quickly washed off. 
The proper thing to do is to keep right 
ahead with good cultivation, and spray 
with the insect and fungus remedies, if 
they have been applied, and, if they 
have not been, then plan to use them 
next year, and do not fail to do the 
work at the proper times and in the 
proper way. Good care will bring its 
reward in due time. h. e. v. d. 
Crown Gall on Apple Trees. 
O. J. I., Spencerport, N. F.— In the Spring 
of 1901 I set some apple trees which seemed 
to be doing well until lately, when they 
commenced to get yellow, and on digging 
down just below the surface of ground I 
found a fungus growth completely around 
the stem on some of them, which looks 
like the black-knot on plum trees. What 
is it, and what should I do with those 
that are not so bad? Will it do to set 
other apple trees in the place of those 
that are dead next Spring? 
Ans. —The trouble is crown gall, 
which is a terrible disease. It is getting 
to be quite, common on nursery trees, 
because the germs get into the soil 
where the trees are grown, and live 
from year to year, infesting each suc¬ 
ceeding crop as it is grown. Last 
Spring I helped a friend plant 2,000 
apple trees, and in the lot there were 
about 500 that were affected with crown 
gall and thrown away by me, after in¬ 
spection, much to the grief of the owner. 
The only thing to do with the trees that 
show any signs of the affection is to dig 
them up and burn them. The soil about 
their roots should be thrown into the 
STOVEPIPE WARMS FRESH AIR. Fie. 259. 
to contain the stovepipe, and at the same i 
time to carry the required volume of 
air. The heat from the stovepipe warms 
the air, and thus causes a current to as¬ 
cend continually. By this means a con¬ 
stant stream of fresh (warm) air is pass¬ 
ing into the bedroom above. A device 
REMOVING FOUL AIR. Fig. 260. 
for the removal of foul air is given at 
Fig. 260. Provisions for this must be 
made before pure air can be admitted. 
The chimney flue is the best contrivance. 
Two or more flues are built in the same 
stack, one of which is used as a smoke 
flue. When the latter is in use the 
smoke ascending warms the adjacent 
flue. If between this flue and the room 
through which it passes, openings are 
made for air, the warming of the air in 
the flue will create a draft upward, the 
air will be drained out of the rooms and 
up the chimney, and thus the latter will 
serve the purpose of a ventilator. For 
this purpose, and also for insuring a 
good draft for stoves, all chimneys 
should be built in the interior of the 
house, and not in the outside wall. For 
good draft, either ior smoke or foul air, 
the chimney requires to be kept warm, 
and there is much less loss of heat from 
an inside chimney than from one built 
on the outside. 
Ail plans of ventilation, to be effec¬ 
tive and satisfactory, should possess in 
some degree, the following properties. 
A motive force, by means of which the 
air is introduced and withdrawn; a 
means of tempering the air before it en¬ 
ters the room; a means of distributing 
the air uniformly over the space where 
it is required, and avoiding drafts and 
strong currents; sufficient provision for 
drawing off the foul air; automatic ac¬ 
tion. The combination of all these prop¬ 
erties, in the right degree, makes perfect 
ventilation, and no ventilation is perfect 
without them. 
Our Catalogue of Bulbs for 
Fall planting is now ready, 
and will be mailed free on 
application. It gives full 
cultural directions, and 
is profusely illustrated. 
J.M.TH0RBURN&C0. 
36 CORTLANDT STREET. NEW YORK. 
YORK IMPERIAL 
APPLE is the favorite wherever 
grown. We have a large stock of 
vigorous trees. Also other favorite 
varieties: Winesap, Gano, Bald- 
win, Rome Beauty, etc. Write for 
Catalogue and Prices. 
HARRISON NURSERIES, 
Box 29, Berlin, Md, 
October Purple Plum 
trees three years old. No man does his 
full duty to his family until he supplies 
this fruit. No waiting. Fruit next year. 
Let us tell you about it. Do you want 
Forest Trees? J Ve , h *T? ? em - 
_ In fact the larg¬ 
est nursery in New England, fruit and 
ornamental trees of every kind. Let us 
tend you our catalogue to-day. Just 
send address—no money. 
STEPHEN HOYT'S SONS, New Canaan, Conn. 
Clenwood Nurseries 
Most complete assortment of choice 
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Vines. 
Send for Descriptive Illustrated Catalogue. 
THE WM. H. MOON CO., MORKI8VILLE, PA. 
60 miles from New York; 30 miles from Philadelphia. 
Fruit Tree Notice! 
For Standard, thrifty, trees, fruit and ornamental, look to 
our old reliable nurseries. Finest and most varied stocks, 
including all hardy varieties, true to name, clean, healthy. 
Get Ready for Fall Planting. 
Vou may not find time in the spring. You will lose fewer 
trees and gain nearly a year’s growth. We havcjust what 
you want. Send for Free Ciitnlngue. 
GEO. A. SWEETNURSERYCO., Box 1605, Oansvllle, Hew York. 
rows of trees, which are 32 feet apart each 
way, and nothing planted within six feet 
of the trees at either side. I have 130 
peach trees of bearing size, every tree 
loaded, but the fruit is smaller than last 
year although they have been well thinned 
In good shape. I suppose it is on account 
of so much cool weather. Plums are very 
large and not rotting much; just beginning 
to ripen. 
-Ans. Apple trees that are only nine 
years planted are just old enough to 
begin to bear. It would be rash to cut 
them down now, for tney will soon be¬ 
gin to bear profitable crops, unless there 
is some exception to the rule. The fact 
that the apples are wormy is nothing 
wonderful nor alarming. It may be that 
the Plum curculio has stung them some, 
but the chances are that other insects 
have done much more damage than this 
little pest. Apple scab has probably 
been the cause of a good share of the 
middle of the rows, so it cannot give 
the disease to the trees to be planted 
instead of the affected ones. It may be 
that the disease is in the orchard soil, 
for this sometimes proves to be true, 
and in such a case there is a chance that 
sound nursery trees may become dis¬ 
eased after being planted. Every tree 
should be inspected before planting and 
afterwards, too. h. e. v. d. 
HOUSE VENTILATION. 
Winter ventilation of houses in cold 
climates is a matter much neglected, and 
the health of many people, particularly 
children, is injured in consequence. Bul- 
A great many Coughs oilginate In the throat 
Before they go down on the Lungs. Dr. D. Jayne’s 
Expectorant will often effect a cure.— Adv. 
nniAH 0 No more of them. 8ow my 
UlUUn wClS hardy White, earliest, Yellow 
and Red. 3 kinds. Send for testimonials and prices 
BEAULIEU. theOnion Specialist, Woodhaven, N.Y 
d TTWC'ClVI'J -< * ermlnated seed rea(J y to plant 
Uli’ijIJ'i’U this Fall. Full directions for 
growing, and price of seed and plants, FREE 
ROYAL GINSENG GARDENS, Little York. N. Y. 
— Your Gold Mine — 
You have one If you have two square yards of 
earth. $25,000 made by a Missourian in a year on 
acre, growing Ginseng. Any man, woman or 
boy can grow it. Millions of doUars’ worth de¬ 
manded for export annually. Easily cultivated; 
hardy everywhere in United States. Supply limit¬ 
ed, demand increasing. Must be planted in Fall. 
We Bell cultivated plants and seeds. A small patch makes 
a fortune. Complete Information free. Write to-day. 
CHINKSE-AMKRIOAN GINSENG CO., 109Main St., Joplin, Mo. 
Trees, Vines and Plants. 
Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum and Cherry Trees, 
of ail the leading varieties, in any quantity. at very 
low prices. Trees, extra line, free from scale or insect 
pests. We offer, by the thousand or carload, a beau¬ 
tiful lot of Peach Trees. Don’t miss writing us for 
prices on them, and for handsome descriptive cata¬ 
logue. One dormant bud tree of our new Liston 
peach mailed free to each person answering this 
advertisement. Address 
THE VILLAGE NURSERIES, Harnedsville, Pa. 
etc., have been the standard of excellence for nearly 
naif a century. Everything of the best at right prices 
for Orehard, Vineyard, Lawn, Park. Street, 
Gurden und Greenhouse- We send by mail postpaid 
Seeds, Plants, Roses, Jtulbs, Vines, Small Trees, 
etc., and guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction, 
larger by freight or express. Valuable catalogue free. 
Direct deal will insure you the best and save you 
money. 49th year. 44 greenhouses. 1000 acres. 
THF STORRS & HARRISON CO., 
PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 
letin No. 119, of the Ontario (Canada) 
Agricultural College gives illustrations 
of methods of ventilation reproduced 
from Billings’s Ventilation and Heating, 
Min 111 MITC~ 7ree from Bcal ®’ New and Choice Varieties. 
If Kilo AMI rLAIllo Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries. 
Our FREE CATALOGUE will save you money. MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del. 
and excellent practical hints on this 
subject. Fig. 258 shows a simple means 
of ventilation. The fresh air is brought 
in from the outside by a pipe under the 
floor, passing into the room under the 
stove, and within the jacket space. The 
heat of the stove warms the air, and 
causes it to ascend, until finally it 
emerges from the jacket and spreads 
over the room. By such a device a cir¬ 
culation of the air is kept up, and a 
more uniform and comfortable tempera¬ 
ture maintained throughout the room. 
This plan is especially to be recommend¬ 
ed for schoolrooms heated by stoves. 
Fig. 259 illustrates a plan for using the 
heat from the stovepipe to provide fresh 
warm air for an upper room. Air is ad¬ 
mitted as in the preceding case, the pipe 
rising through the ground floor and up 
through the floor above, widening out 
just after it leaves the lower floor, so as 
TREES 
$8 PER 100. 
APPLE, PEAR, PLUM and PEACH; ^healthy.Jtrue -to name 
and Fumigated. All kinds of trees and plants at low whole¬ 
sale prices. Don’t buy until you get our catalogue, which is free, or send list of wants 
for special price. Address RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 1, Geneva, New York. 
We Are Strikers 
Our catalogue strikes the subjects that are vital to the fruit 
growers’ success. Our prices are strikingly reasonable, and 
our trees will strike any mat’s fancy in their early and su¬ 
perior bearing. Woodview Nurseries, Box 100, Uriah, Pa. 
With 
Either 
Fall Planting 
or Spring Plantjng 
the most important part of all 
is to get the kind of trees you 
buy. The name on my trees means something. It doesn’t always on others. 
The Tree Breeders. ROGERS ON THE HILL, Dansville, N. Y. 
BULBS 
for the lawn and 
FOR FALL 
PLANTING 
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Narcissus, Lilies, &c. 
Our New Bulb Catalogue is sent free. It tells all 
about the best buibs; also seasonable seeds and 
plants, including our celebrated grasB mixtures 
pleasure grounds. HENRY A. DREER, Philadelphia, Pa. 
