1902 
TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
875 
MAPES, THE HEN MAN. 
I would like to ask how Mr. Mapes feeds 
his pigs. What kind of feed does he sub¬ 
stitute for milk? h. n. m. 
Union City, Pa. 
Past Experience. —The story of our 
pig feeding arrangements has been 
pretty fully told in previous numbers of 
The R. N.-Y., but for the benefit of the 
army of new readers who are just now 
coming to the paper, some repetition 
may be allowable. Our first experience 
was to purchase three young sows about 
two years ago (November 1, 1900) in or¬ 
der to raise some breeders. These were 
fed for the most part dry feed, from the 
same mixture which we feed our poul¬ 
try, which is ground grains, animal 
meal, wheat feeds, etc., having a nutri¬ 
tive ratio of about 1:5.75. The first two 
months, this and water were kept where 
they could help themselves at liberty. 
After that they were given just two 
pounds each, daily, up to the time, of 
farrowing their first litters. This was 
given in three feeds, two pounds to the 
three pigs morning, noon and night. 
They all had their first litters when 
about eight months old. While suckling 
their pigs the feed was increased in 
amount to about double the quantity, 
and given in slop form. After the pigs 
were weaned the sows were turned out 
to pasture, and allowed the range of the 
apple orchard. No grain feed was used 
up to the time they were ready to far¬ 
row their second litters in November, 
1901. Pasture, apples, and a few chest¬ 
nuts and acorns later on, developed 
them into good-sized, sturdy-looking 
brood sows, when they were a year old. 
As nearly as I could figure it out, the 16 
pigs from the first litters were worth 
enough at weaning time (about $40) to 
pay for all the feed consumed by the 
sows the first year, and also for the first 
cost of the three sow pigs, which was $6. 
Young pigs here are usually worth more 
in Spring than in Fall. This gave us 
three good sows ready to farrow, as pay 
for our labor the first year with pigs. 
We then went out and purchased a pen 
of 24 pigs for $49, and kept strict ac¬ 
count of amount of food required to 
grow them to marketable size of about 
100 to 120 pounds each, using the same 
feed, with the addition of a little waste 
milk purchased at a nearby condensery. 
As stated on page 235, these pigs turned 
$77.20 worth of feed into $159.19 worth 
of pork in about four months. 
Increasing Feed. —The three original 
sows were kept on two pounds of feed 
daily the second Winter, and kept in 
good condition, but for some reason the 
litters continued to run small. Whether 
this can be attributed to a deficiency in 
amount of feed supplied, or to a defici¬ 
ency in amount of some of the particu¬ 
lar elements of nutrition, I cannot say. 
Some younger sows which had been 
added to the herd, also gave very small 
litters last Spring. As an experiment, 
the feed was increased in amount to 
three pounds per day to each individual, 
and the amount of mineral matter re¬ 
duced by substituting a mixture of 
wheat middlings and hominy meal (or 
chop) equal parts for the poultry mix¬ 
ture. Three pounds per day of this mix¬ 
ture seems to be a good liberal allow¬ 
ance for each individual, except in the 
case of a sow that is suckling pigs. Dur¬ 
ing the time our sows were at pasture 
and had the range of the orchard, this 
amount was reduced considerably, but 
our grade Poland China boar has been 
kept closely confined in a small pen 
eight feet square for the past nine 
months on this allowance, and has con¬ 
tinued to grow and thrive wonderfully 
well. He went to our county fair, along 
with Billy G., and won the blue ribbon 
in his class over other fine animals. 
Cahe of Young Pros.—Our herd of 11 
sows (many of them young) gave us 88 
live pigs this Fall, all of which are still 
alive and growing nicely, except the 
two runts mentioned last week. These 
are divided into three pens, according 
to age and size, and all are fed In turn 
,v 
from the same long trough. I think that 
a warm slop is to be preferred to dry 
feed for young pigs during this cold 
weather. We can sometimes secure a 
little whey or milk to add to the slop, 
and the pigs certainly eat it with a bet¬ 
ter relish on that account. When this 
is not obtainable, a little tankage is 
added to the mixture of hominy and 
middlings, about five pounds to each 
100. This is mostly meat, and does not 
contain as much bone or mineral mat¬ 
ter as the animal meal used for poul¬ 
try. Two pounds of dry feed added to 
each gallon of warm water is the rule 
for mixing the slop at present, and the 
pigs are allowed to come to the trough 
and eat their fill three times a day. If 
any is left in the trough after the last 
pen of pigs has been fed, allowance is 
made for it when the trough is filled for 
the 12 brood sows now in our herd, and 
they quickly “lick the platter.” 
Cost of Pork Making. —In computing 
cost of raising a pig to marketable size 
it should be remembered that a pig 
should be well on his “way to market” 
before he can begin to eat three pounds 
of this feed a day. After he gets old 
enough to consume that amount of feed 
daily, it only takes a short time to get 
him ready for market. In fact, he should 
be ready at any time. Our butchers can 
hardly wait for them to get as heavy as 
I wish. They would prefer them when 
weighing 60 to 80 pounds each. Most of 
our oldest pen are now heavier than 
that, but I look for higher rather than 
lower prices for pork late in the season, 
and prefer to add a little more weight 
to them before butchering. 
1 would like to know how to get rid 
of body lice on hens. Mine are Leghorns. 
Calverton, L. I. R. la w. 
The Dust Bath. —A good dust bath 
is the usual dependence of most poultry- 
men for freedom from body lice. This 
should be dry and fine, and also warm. 
A hen prefers a warm bath to a cold one 
in Winter, as well as a child. Finely- 
sifted coal ashes make a very good ma¬ 
terial for the dust box. Where these 
are not obtainable good road dust should 
be provided during some dry time in 
Summer. A panful can be warmed in 
the kitchen oven where the flock is 
small, and placed on the floor of the 
hennery on sunny days where the direct 
rays of the sun will shine into it. The 
“fog” which a few lousy hens will soon 
raise is something wonderful. In spe¬ 
cial cases it is sometimes well to dust 
Persian insect powder plentifully into 
the feathers by the use of a syringe or 
the fingers. 
Inducing Appetite. —Nearly our en¬ 
tire flock of over 1,500 hens has been 
put on short allowance of feed, for the 
purpose of inducing a big appetite for 
more than a maintenance ration, and the 
egg yield has dwindled to almost noth¬ 
ing as was to be expected. Subsequent 
developments, whether good or bad, will 
be reported in due time. o. w. mapes. 
DECEMBER EGG PRODUCTION. 
On the first page of November 15 issue 
of The It. N.-Y. “Mapes, the hen man,” 
quotes Bulletin No. 204 of Cornell Experi¬ 
ment Station, recently Issued, which gives 
an account of some cobperative experi¬ 
ments In feeding hens for eggs from De¬ 
cember 1, 1901, to March 29, 1902, conducted 
by men of long experience with poultry, 
which included 12 different flocks and over 
2,100 hens. “Onlv four flocks out of the 12 
laid eggs enough during December to pay 
for the food consumed. The best flock of 
150 pullets only gave a return of $13.02 
above cost of food, and a similar flock of 
one-year-old hens, owned by the same man 
and fed in identically the same way, failed 
to lay eggs enough to pay for food con¬ 
sumed.” The writer, on looking at his 
i.wn account for December, 1901, finds 
that 92 pullets (only a few of which had 
begun to lay) 74 one-year-old hens and 35 
two-year-old hens, making in all 201, laid 
eggs enough not only to pay for their own 
feed and the feed of 40 fattening cockerels, 
but gave a balance of profit for the month 
of December of $18.97. For November, 1901 
(with 60 or more fattening cockerels to 
feed), and a still less number of pullets 
which had begun to lay, the egg account 
i‘ 
gave a balance of $10.95 profit. November, 
1900, a still smaller number of hens and 
pullets gave a profit in eggs of $10.59 above 
their own feed, and that of some 60 or more 
fattening cockerels not then killed. But 
the November just past my hens, consist¬ 
ing of 72 pullets of later-maturing breeds, 
and 130 one-year and two-year-old hens 
have given only a balance of $4.53 profit on 
eggs above the cost of their own feed for 
the month, and about 35 fattening cock¬ 
erels. This is the poorest month's showing 
for any month during the past five years. 
The feed and care have been as good as 
that given any flock of hens we have had 
for years, with the exception that we have 
not had any milk to feed them for a drink 
at midday as usual. As a substitute for 
milk we give a gruel made of “Red Dog” 
flour, which, although readily eaten, does 
not seem to constitute the proper “bal¬ 
anced ration” provided It Is the lack of 
milk which in part or whole occasions the 
falling off in eggs. h. 
Massachusetts. 
Some Good Pigs.— I note what A. L. L. 
writes on page 810 about pigs. I butchered 
three December 2, 240 days old, that 
dressed 976 pounds, not quite as good as 
Mr. Wright’s, but I think they are fairly 
good. Mr. Mapes’s Billy G. certainly Is 
not in It. These pigs are Chester Whites, 
and I fed them a variety of feed, milk, 
bran, middlings, hominy, gluten and fin¬ 
ished with cornmeal. Rather a crooked 
ration, but you must remember that a 
croqjked stick hits in a good many places. 
Next! i. a. 
No. Java, N. Y. 
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Avoid nil blisters; they offer only temporary relief if any. 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
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Best 
Results 
in feeding for milk are 
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Gluten 
Feed 
to balance the ration. 
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“Feed Your Stock for 
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Address Department T 
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KEYSTONE 
