104 
JNO. M. PARKER. 
contamination. In the next plate there were 720 germs in each 
c. c. after being milked into pail and strained through cloth. 
After cooling there were 884, and after filling into bottles there 
were 1640. As the milk came into contact with more surface 
the numbers increased rapidly, and this, remember, on a farm 
where the milk was handled with unusual care as regards clean¬ 
liness. 
Experiments conducted by Dr. Peters show another occa¬ 
sional source of contamination, especially in cows after standing 
in stagnant water, or lying on dirty floors. These experiments 
were carried out under careful antiseptic precautions. Clean suits 
were put on, the cows’ udders, teats, flanks, sides, groins and ab¬ 
domens were washed with bichloride solution, they were milked 
into sterile bottles, four cows being used in the experiments. 
Table marked “I” represents milk in first half of milking 
and drawn by hand directly into sterile bottles. 
No. II represents milk drawn through sterile canula into- 
bottle. 
Nos. Ill and IV represent milk drawn by hand after more 
than half the udder had been emptied. 
The columns marked A, B, C, D, represent the milk from 
the four cows, the figures showing the number of colonies of 
bacteria in each plate. 
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
I. 
- 141 - 
.... 19 . 
. 53 
II. 
.... 0 .... 
. . .. 0 . . .. 
.... 1 . 
. 2 
Ill. 
.... 0 .... 
_ 6 _ 
.... 0 . 
. 0 
IV. 
It will be noticed that in the first milk drawn from each 
cow there were a number of colonies of bacteria, while the later 
portion of the milking were practically free from bacteria, the 
milk being drawn into sterile bottles. 
It would seem, then, that as a matter of practical impor¬ 
tance it would be well to strip the teat once or twice before milk¬ 
ing into a sterilized pail. In this way the micro-organisms 
which evidently find their way into the milk duct would be 
