192 
J. R. KELSO. 
was the Galloway, the ancient Scottish native horse two inches 
or so less in height.” Again, Lawrence, in 1809, gives the 
height of the Galloway as from thirteen to fourteen hands. 
Prof. Wallace, of Edinburg University, 1889, gives the height 
■of the Clydesdale of the present day at from sixteen to sixteen 
hands two inches. 
Reproduction and Conception —Is the function by which 
the species is preserved, and is accomplished by the organs 
of generation, the union of two fundamental elements, ovum 
and spermatozoa; and the development and growth of ani¬ 
mated creatures dates from that instant when, by the act of im¬ 
pregnation the egg receives a specific stimulus from paternal 
spermatozoa. The impulse thereby communicated manifests 
itself by cell division and proliferation. Nature proceeds in the 
preparatory and maturing of the development of male and 
female germs in parallel steps, each step or mode of progress to the 
next being exactly its equivalent, and that one is of equal value 
morphologically and physiologically to the other, In the stages 
prior to union there is nothing even to determine the influence 
of sex. In character the sexual contributions are equal, there- 
fore there can be no sexual determinative function for either to 
exert. Hence, the conceiving elements or cells being equal, 
then conception is the joining of two equals into intimate unit). 
From the joining of these two equals proceeds to multiplication 
of cells differentiated into embryonic organs and all this mould¬ 
ing occurs during the nutrient, retentive and protective preg¬ 
nancy of the mother. Thus science seems to teach some beau¬ 
tiful lessons in monogamy and the equality of sexes. Thus we 
find the new individual must contain not only hereditary mat¬ 
ter, but that even in male and female portions. 
1 Breeding. —Whatever the animal, its form, organization and 
general make up, will be an indication of its true type and 
character. It is a fixed law of nature that this should be so. 
To illustrate : the thoroughbred horse is courageous, high 
strung, active, sinewy, impatient under restraint, and not giv en 
to carry much flesh or fat. The heavy draft horse carries much 
