588 
REVIEW OF BIOLOGY. 
6,900,000; caprines, 1,800,000; swine, 1,800,000. They are es¬ 
timated at a value of 2,191,200,000 lire, viz. : Horses, at 600 lire 
a head, 432,000,000 lire ; donkeys, at 50, 50,000,000 lire ; mules, 
at 400, 120,000,000 lire ; bo vines, at 275, 1,275,000,000 lire 
ovines, at 12, 82,000,000 lire; caprines, at 13, 23,000,000 lire ;. 
swine, at 60, 188,000,000.— {Clin. Veter.) 
Castration of the Cow [By Prof. Lanzilotti-Buonsanti\. 
—In the August number of the Clinica Veterinarian which he 
edits and has published for nineteen years, the professor records 
the success he has obtained with this operation, and expresses 
the idea that he hopes to see soon the operation occupy in veter¬ 
inary surgery the rank it deserves by the great advantages that 
can be derived from it. He has during the months of November 
to January, at the clinic of the Veterinary School of Milan, per¬ 
formed 12 castrations, all successfully. Some of these were la¬ 
parotomies—that is, castration through the abdomen ; nine were 
by the vaginal method. From the results obtained it seems that 
the last operation is undoubtedly the most advantageous and re¬ 
mains evidently the most scientific. 
REVIEW OF BIOLOGY. 
Congen.itat Immunity of Ovine Variola [By Mr. Du- 
clert \.—In his studies upon the disease, the author has met with 
subjects having an absolute or a relative immunity ; these were 
born of ewes having had variola before conception. He then 
undertook experiments to prove the heredity of immunity in 
that disease. He used as witnesses, lambs three or four months 
old, born of unvaccinated mothers, comparatively with others of 
the same age but issued from immunized mothers. All were 
inoculated by hypodermic injection. While the former died with 
variola, the latter showed an absolute and a relative immunity; 
in this last condition the disease developed itself, but the animals 
recovered. I11 a small epidemic which had attacked a number 
of six-months old lambs issued of ewes vaccinated by a previous 
attack, the disease remained benignant; but was, however, more 
severe than in the three or four months old lambs inoculated 
experimentally. Congenital immunity seems thus only tem¬ 
porary in variola.— (Soc. of Biol.) 
Preventive and Curative Serum of Variola [By the 
same \.—The author has recently shown that immunity is hered¬ 
itary in variola ovina. This weak receptivity has seemed to him 
