EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
217 
author, in the only time he had opportunity to see the act, 
describes as follows : u The animal drew up one fore leg, flexing 
the knee and holding it rigid ; he then gave a peculiar low 
squeal, caused by the suction in of air, which I could see travel¬ 
ing the oesophagus ; he then made a spasmodic effort with his 
abdominal muscles, and, lowering and stretching out his neck, 
forcibly ejected food, mainly through his nostrils, but a little by 
his mouth, and completed the operation by a short cough. The 
food was followed by a frothy mucous discharge after the first 
few emetic efforts, which were made every minute or two, with 
gradually increasing intervals between. The movements were 
so quickly performed that I only followed the whole by closely 
watching nearly a dozen attacks; they lasted in all about 45 
minutes. The oesophagus remained for some time after this in 
a swollen condition, giving a thicker appearance to the lower 
part of the neck, and continuous spasmodic contractions passing 
up and down the gullet were prolonged for about half an hour 
after the vomition had ceased. He also evinced pain 011 pressure 
in a forward direction from the posterior border of the ribs on 
both sides.” The animal was ultimately destroyed and a tho¬ 
racic jabot was found, immediately in front of the diaphragm ; 
being separated from the stomach by a simple contraction 
near the cardia. The walls of this dilatation were composed of 
the mucous and pleural coats of the oesophagus ; the slit through 
the muscular coat measured 5 inches ; the 'sac had a circumfer¬ 
ence of 12 inches at its narrowest part, it contained 1 f 2 pounds 
of food in partly fermented state. 
GERMAN REVIEW. 
Removal of Calculi from the Dog’s Bladder by Sec- 
Tio Alta. Translated for the Review by Frank H. Miller , V. 
A., of Berlin. \Maltzeff, St. Petersburgh Arch, for Veterinary 
Science , Vol. VII. \—The successful removal of calculi by way 
of the urethra by perineal section is difficult. 
In human surgery their removal by sectio alta is quite satis¬ 
factory, but up to the present it has not been employed in vet¬ 
erinary practice. M-has applied it in canine practice with 
the result of the loss of but one case in a series of 12 operations. 
This exception was probably due to direct injury to the intes¬ 
tines, as during the operation the animal was very restless. Re¬ 
covery, time averaged 18 days. 
The mode of operation was to place the animal upon the 
