INVESTIGATIONS OE THE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 621 
evidence that his inoculation material was obtained from plate 
cultures. It should also be remembered that it is very evi¬ 
dent from the communication of Schiitz on th zrSchweineseuche 
of Germany, which appeared about the same time as our re¬ 
port for 1885, that plate cultures were not used for obtaining 
the virus with which his inoculations were made. And yet 
his conclusions have not been contested either by Frosch or 
others. When his attention was called to this by Dr. Smith, 
Frosch contented himself by characterizing the allusion to 
Schiitz as “ wholly unjustifiable ” without troubling himself 
to go into particulars. As the cases were in every respect 
parallel the unbiased reader must continue to wonder what 
subtle distinction was conjured up by the fertile imagination 
of the German investigator. 
“ Again,” Frosch says in reply to Smith, “ after the deter¬ 
mination of the identity with Salmon’s hog cholera bacterium 
I was compelled, in testing the chief question of the patho¬ 
genic nature of this bacterium for pigs, for which exeriments 
of my own were not possible, to base myself upon the state¬ 
ments of F. Billings. For this Mr. Smith must blame him¬ 
self, since, I regret to have to repeat it, the methods and ex¬ 
periments laid down in the reports of the Bureau of Animal 
Industry for the years 1885 to 1888 did not in a desirable 
manner come up to the standards in the determination of a 
new infectious disease. I need not make myself guilty of a 
repetition of that which has been said in my article, since Mr. 
Smith agrees with me in this regard with reference to the re¬ 
port of 1885. On the other hand, even a superficial examina¬ 
tion of the other mentioned reports shows that Koch’s methods 
were not applied exclusively or exactly, although this was 
unconditionally demanded by the creation of a second infec¬ 
tious agent of swine plague which appears at the same time 
and is so closely related to it.” 
The query which naturally suggests itself here is, if an ex¬ 
act and exclusive application of Koch’s method was required 
to make the Bureau investigations acceptable to Frosch, why 
was not a similar application of Koch’s method necessary to 
make Billings’ investigations acceptable to him ? He makes 
