306 
W. L. WILLIAMS. 
pleurisy or pneumonia, thus furnishing every degree, froi 
moderate acceleration to fatal dyspnoea. Thoracic pain i 
occasionally present, as shown by grunts emitted during e: 
piration, from a sudden blow or during movements. Th 
pain is at times pleuritic, at others pleurodynic. 
The absence of chest pain is no proof of absence of extei 
sive pleuritis. Dieckerhoff relates that in cases of unilaten 
pleurisy it not infrequently happens that the affected side ( 
the thorax is tucked in and held as immovable as possiblt 
while the opposite side is bulged out and takes upon itself ii 
creased function, thus making the two sides of thorax unequa 
a condition best seen from above the animal’s back. 
Auscultation and percussion of the thorax, after aduratic 
of twelve to forty-eight hours, or longer, reveals in a larg 
proportion of cases more or less extensive pleuro-pulmon; 
lesions, differing mainly in case of pulmonary lesions, froi 
ordinary pneumonia in the less completed hepatization, hem 
a less degree of dullness and greater persistence of bronchi; 
respiration in the affected part. It not infrequently happen 
however, that percussion and auscultation fail to reve 
pneumonia, pleurisy or other thoracic lesions throughout tl 
entire duration of the disease, a fact which renders the appe 
lation of contagious pneumonia somewhat ambiguous. 
The pneumonia and pleurisy offers a distinctive differem 
from the other pneumonias of the horse in that the patiei 
generally shows a marked tendency to assume the recumbei 
position at frequent intervals. Few diseases of animals e 
hibit a greater variety of complications and sequelae, in fat 
it seems that the pleuro-pulmonary lesions should be viewe 
rather as complications than otherwise, since in some or 
breaks thoracic complications become almost the exceptic 
rather than the rule. 
The symptoms we have noted as being constant are tl 
high temperature, great depression and engorgement of tl 
liver, as evidenced by the early and well-marked icterr 
Following upon the common thoracic lesions we occasional 
find hydrothorax, pyothorax, pleuritic adhesions, suppuratin 
chronic and encysted pneumonia, which add to other sym 
