May 7 ,1917 Effects of Exercise and Sun on Normal Pigs 177 
of the pen her temperature was 102.3 0 . She was driven slowly across 
a 50-foot lot and placed in a crate, her temperature at this time being 
103.5 0 . She was in the crate for 30 minutes, and during this time fought 
some. At the end of this period her temperature was 105.8°. She was 
then exercised for 15 minutes at a slow pace (could not get her to go much 
faster than a walk), and following this exercise her temperature was 
107.8°. She was then placed in the crate again, the various blood exami¬ 
nations were made, and just before taking her out of the crate she showed 
a temperature of 108. i° and was dyspneic. 
The mere handling of the animals, as holding for examination or 
placing them in a crate, especially if they offer any resistance, will cause 
an increase in the temperature of a degree or two, even when the tempera¬ 
ture is already high. For example, a black male weighing 105 pounds 
showed a pen temperature of 102.4 0 . After placing him in the crate the 
temperature was increased to 104°. The animal was still just before 
removing him from the crate, and the temperature had been lowered to 
103°. The animal was then exercised for 15 minutes (on a rather cool 
day), and after the exercise the temperature was increased to 105.6°. 
After placing the animal in the crate, the temperature was increased to 
106.4°, and just before removing from the crate it had been lowered to 
106.2°. Very slight struggling in the crate will keep , an already high 
temperature elevated and tend to increase a low one. 
Although it was not our intention to see how high the temperature 
would go, it might, however, be worthy of recording that the highest 
temperature after exercise was noted in a red sow weighing 108 pounds. 
The animal was in very good condition. Before exercise the sow showed 
a temperature of 102.4 0 . After exercising for one-half hour at a slow 
gait, the temperature was increased to 109.4 0 . 
After exercising and obtaining the blood samples, if the changes were 
not to be followed further, the animals were given a cold shower bath, 
which quickly lowered the temperature and which the animals thor¬ 
oughly enjoyed. 
If allowed to remain quiet, the temperatures would return to normal 
in one-half to one hour. 
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 
CHANGES IN THE ERYTHROCYTES AFTER MUSCULAR EXERCISE 
Muscular exercise does not cause an increase in the number of red 
corpuscles in the blood of the pig. This is difficult to explain. It is 
possible that there was an increase following the exercise; but the 
normal proportions had returned before the count was made, although 
such an explanation seems hardly plausible in light of the work of Zuntz 
and Schumberg (5, 7), who found an increase in the number of red 
corpuscles in soldiers after long marches. Schneider and Havens (7) 
found the height of the erythrocyte curve was not reached until 75 
