82 
February 4 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Milk and Meat. 
MILK TALK AT INSTITUTES. 
MILK PRODUCERS YS. MILK HANDLERS. 
At the institutes in dairy counties, you 
will hear, this year, sharp discussions 
about the price of milk and the cost of 
producing it. Here are sample state¬ 
ments from both sides : 
A Milk Producer. —I do not believe 
we are receiving what we ought for our 
milk. We must produce clean, pure 
milk, deliver it at the station, and pay 
one-half cent per quart for the expense 
of weighing, aerating and loading it on 
the cars. This charge is, at least, one- 
half too large, and while the inspectors 
look sharply after us, but little attention 
is paid to it after it arrives at our sta¬ 
tion. One shipper sold from our sta¬ 
tion 185 cans of cream in 1898, and shipped 
all of the milk as whole milk. When I 
went before the milk committee in New 
York, and told them, “We did not re¬ 
ceive cost for our milk,” they replied, 
“ The cost is none of our business.” One 
dealer said, “ I have never had a farmer 
put a price on his milk. The farmers 
ask, 1 Will you buy my milk ? ’ or, ‘ Can 
I draw my milk ? ’” We should get off 
our knees, and take a hand in selling our 
products. 
Cost of a Quart. —What does it cost 
to produce milk ? 
Ensilage, grain, hay and labor cost 
15*4 centsperday; 200 days at 15*4c..$31 .00 
105 days Winter. __$37 oo 
Average production^ ,825 quarts; aver- 
age price in 1898, 1 % cents. 31.93 
Loss per cow... $5.07 
In other words, after deducting value of 
the manure, one must work for enough 
lesB than two cents per day per cow to 
make up this loss. We cannot afford 
this ! Can the dealers pay more ? The 
average price paid by the consumer in 
the city was 6% cents for 1898. The 
9,000,000 cans sent to New York City sold, 
at this figure, for $17,000,000 more than 
the farmer received. Where did it go 
to ? At the average freight rate, for all 
routes, for the pay of the milk peddlers, 
for shrinkage and miscellaneous ex¬ 
penses, we have : 
* Cr. Dr. 
..$2,520,000 
4,200 peddlers at $2 per day. 3,066,000 
Sundries. 2,000,000 
$7,586,000 
Profit.... $9,514,000 
’Taint Fair.” —Is this an equitable 
division? The consumer in the city 
knows no Winter or Summer season. His 
price is the same, and already high 
enough. The object of the Five States 
Milk Producers’ Union is not to compel 
the consumer to pay more, but to reduce 
the cost of delivery and middlemen’s 
profits so that the farmer can receive 
more. The 4% cents per quart difference 
between the price received by the farmer 
and that paid by the consumer, is out¬ 
rageous, and a company representing 
$15,000,000 is willing to handle the milk 
for a much less percentage of profit, and 
will make a contract, covered with a 
bond to secure it, for milk for five years, 
at an advanced price, whenever the 
farmers will organize and pledge 15,000 
cans per day. At present, the farmers 
sell without system, and at De Ruyter, 
are fleeced this year by the absconding 
buyer, $10,000. 
The Milk Exchange controls about 60 
per cent of the milk, and the price of all. 
From 20,000 to 24,000 cans are shipped to 
New York daily, and this proposed com¬ 
pany will require 15,000 to hold the mar¬ 
ket. It now costs 1K cent per quart to 
deliver the milk in the city. By an or¬ 
ganized system, it can be done for one- 
half cent. A saving of one-half cent per 
quart to the farmer amounts to $73 on a 
can per day for a year. 
What the Dealers Say. 
Too Much Milk. —There is too much 
milk produced, and all parties would be 
better off if one half the cows were fat¬ 
tened for beef. No combination can con¬ 
trol the supply. At certain seasons of 
the year, not over one-third of the milk 
available is shipped, and if the farmers 
in any section should retain at home, or 
sell for themselves, so that present deal¬ 
ers were short, new routes could be 
formed easily. The average price of 
milk to the consumer is altogether too 
high. Some people pay 12 cents, more 
8 cents, many more 6 cents, and count¬ 
less throngs of the poorer classes 4 cents. 
How Price is Fixed. —The price of 
milk is fixed by the price of butter fat, 
and not arbitrarily. I visited one very 
complete factory at Bainbridge, N. Y., 
and I was interested in the remarks of 
Mr. C. C. Hovey, the owner. “ I own this 
factory, and buy the milk. I wash the 
cans for the farmers with live steam, run 
the milk through the separator, Pasteur¬ 
ize the cream, run it over the cooler, and 
use a starter to make the finest butter 
possible. I make the skim-milk into 
sizing, have all the best machinery, and 
the whey is made into milk sugar. What 
is left of the milk when we get through 
with it is too weak to run off alone.” 
Everything is looked after by a keen, 
shrewd man. Boxes, packages, churns 
and repairing are all made and done by 
the men ; even the steam which usually 
goes floating off from the steampipe is 
carried back to the engine from every 
point, and aids in saving coal, amount¬ 
ing to 800 pounds per day. Every mill 
of expense is saved, yet Mr. H. said, “ I 
could not pay what I do for milk if I did 
not make the by-products pay.” 
The Middleman’s Side. — The con¬ 
sumption of milk will be decreased if 
the price is put beyond the four-cent 
limit; and many poor people will not or 
cannot use it. The expense of main¬ 
taining a receiving station is large, and 
shrinkage, loss and labor are greater 
than others are willing to admit. One 
man offered his factory, or a share of it, 
to his patrons, so that they could come 
in on the “enormous profits”. After 
the committee had inspected the books, 
found out how many hours the owner 
worked, how many chances he had to 
take, not one of them would put in a 
dollar. Middlemen are a necessity (to 
break up large shipments, to meet the 
needs of local retailers, handle surplus 
platform milk) ; and are no less middle¬ 
men when all are employed by one com¬ 
pany than when working independently 
An irresponsible buyer of milk is as 
much a curse to dealers as to farmers, 
for he will cut the price of milk, demor¬ 
alize trade, and injure others, finally 
running away with the proceeds of the 
unpaid-for milk. 
Comment. —While many things can be 
said for both sides, and the problem is 
beyond any combination’s control, it is 
a fact that most farmers receive a very 
small profit from the sale of milk. The 
problem for the milk producers is, Can 
we, by joining any organization, benefit 
ourselves ? Is it possible or wise to re¬ 
duce the present cost of milk ? Can we 
use the milk to better advantage than 
to Sell it ? C E. CHAPMAN. 
My little girl. Julia, was taken with a Cough, and 
at times was prostrated with fever. I began ad¬ 
ministering small doses of Jayne’s Expectorant, 
Every time it gave relief, and did its work satisfac¬ 
torily. (Mrs.) E. N. WALLEKIUS, Vermillion, Minn., 
November 13, 1895. 
For constipation take Jayne’s Painless Sanative 
Pills.— Adv. 
Cows barren 3 years 
MADE TO BREED. 
Free. Moore Brothers, Albany, N. Y. 
BEE KEEPING 
-Its pleasures 
and profits is 
the theme of 
___ _ that excellent 
and handsome illustrated magazine O lea ninys in 
Bee Culture. We send a free sample copy and a 
Book on Bee Culture and Rook on Bee Supplies, 
to all who name this paper in writing. 
THE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDINA, OHIO. 
WE SAVE YOU MONEY 
ON ALL KINDS OF HAKNESS. 
■ We sell direct to the consumer at whole¬ 
sale prices. 100 styles, all made 
: from best oak tanned leather. 
We are not jobbers. We make every- 
, thiug we sell and can surely save you 
L. money. Send 4 cents in stamps to pay 
postage and get our 148-page illsustrated catalogue. 
KINO HARNESS CO., 115 Church St„ Owego, N. Y, 
FRAZER 
AXLE 
CREASE. 
BEST IN THE WORLD. 
Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, actually 
outlasting three boxes of any other brand. Not 
affected by heat. 33?” GET THE GENUINE. 
FOR SALK BY DEALERS GENERALLY. 
Cheaper to buy new than repair old— H Y ? 
$6.50 buys 4 Boggy Wheels 7-8 In. Steel Tire 
S6.85 •>"}» 4 Carriage Wheels 1 In. Steel Tire 
111 Repairing soon eats up price of new. 
It) Our wheels stand the racket. 
D We give full value for money. 
We can furnish axles and set boxes 
^ properly. Write for full price list 
jg and directions for measuring, 
WTI.MINIJTON WIIKKL CO., Wilmington, Del. 
4 Buggy Wheels, with tire on, #5.80 
With Axles and Boxes set. #8.20 
I make all sizes and grades. Carriage and 
Wagon Hardware every description. Cat. 
free. W. W. Boob, Center Hall, Dept.R.Pa. 
Farm Wagon for only #19.95. 
In order to introduce their Low Metal Wheels 
with Wide Tires, the Empire Manufacturing 
Company, Quincy, Ill., have placed upon the 
market a Farmer’s Handy Wagon, sold at the 
low price of $19.95. The wagon is only 25 inches 
high, fitted with 24 and 30-lnch wheels with 4-inch 
tire. 
This wagon is made of best material throughout, 
and really costs but a trifle more than a set of 
new wheels and fully guaranteed for one year. 
Catalogue giving a full description will be mailed 
upon application by the Empire Manufacturing 
Company, Quincy, HI., who also will furnish 
metal wheels at low prices made any size and 
width of tire to fit any axle. 
GUERNSEYS. 
225 purebred Guernseys of the best American 
and Island breeding. Butter average, whole 
herd, 318 pounds per head. No catalogue. Come 
and make your own selection. 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
KHINECLIFF, N. Y. 
n I ■ %# A n in | —I have four fine 
«~J | /A D vJ Lb k calves registered 
Jerseys, Ida’s 8toke Pogis or Exile breeding at 
fair prices. 
R. F. SHANNON. 907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
ENGLISH SHIRE HORSES. 
STALLIONS, MARES AND COLT8 
FOR SALE. 
One Stallion and two Mares imported, and all of 
the best breeding, and good Individuals. Prices 
attractive. JNO. I. GORDON, Mercer, Pa. 
BLOODED LIVE STOCK 
Sheep —Oxfords, Shropshires, South- 
downs. Fancy Poultry. Pig*— 
Berkshires, Poland-Chinas, Chestei 
Whites, Y orkshires. Catalogue free, 
H. L. HOLMES, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires 
and Chester Whites. Choioe 
large strains. 8 week Pigs not 
akin; Service Boars and Bred 
Sows. Poultry. Write for hard 
times prices and free circular. 
Cochranvllle, Chester Co., Pa. 
Hamilton 4 Co.. 
WILLSWOOD FARM 
wishes to have a buyer for their flock of SOUTH 
DOWNS, purebred and grades; room needed for 
increased herd of Guernseys. 
THE BERKSHIRES are still the best. A few 
boars and sows; also younger ones. For the pedi¬ 
grees, etc., address 
WILLS A. SEWARD, Budd’s Lake, N. J. 
h » 
_ 
BUY DIRECT 
AND SA VE MONEY. 
“Money saved Is money earned.” We 
make a complete line of Surries. Phae¬ 
tons, Buggies, Spring Wagons and Hoad 
Wagons, and sell them to you direct at 
wholesale prices. 
Best Spring Wagon Made. 
Two and three seat. Some styles 
as low as $37.BO 
C. B. MouUllar, Milo, Kant., writes: 1 ‘Received 
ffo. 928 Combination Spring Wagon in fine thape. 
Cmuider I saved $25.00 bg dealing u/itb you.” 
YOU are NOT too far away to do busi¬ 
ness with us and save money. Send for 
new illustrated catalogue—FREE. All 
prices marked In plain figures. Com¬ 
plete line of harness SI.SO and upward. 
EDWARD W. WALKER CARRIAGE CO., 
18 Eighth St. Goshen, Indiana. 
t w I 
cccomrniji 
Trade 
Mark 
XUMPJAWl 
Easily and thoroughly cured. 
New, common-sense method, I 
not expensive. No eara i 
pay. FREE. A practical, ill- ( 
ustrated treatise on the abao- 
lute cure of Lump J aw, free to ' 
read ers of th ispaper. 
Fleming Bros., chemists, , 
Union Stock Tmrds, Chicago, 11 L , 
NEWTON’S 
LATEST IMPROVED ' 
DEHORNERS 
Save time and money by dehorning 
vour cattle. Write us for special 
information on the subject. 
H.H. BROWN MFG. CO. 
DECATUR. ILL. 
It Cuts All Around the lorn! 
* H l 
2 Dehorning 
^Clipper 
LEAVITT MFG. CO., 
I St., Hammond, 111., U. S. A 
SAVE $8 ON A HARNESSF 
We are the largest manufacturers of Harness anti carri¬ 
ages in the tvorltl selling to the consumer exclusively. 
WE HAVE NO AGENTS, DEALERS OR MIDDLEMEN. 
We sell you direct from the factory at wholesale prices and save you all 
additional expense. We ship anywhere for examination. We guarantee 
and warrant everything. This Elegant Team 
umlFuriu Harness for $19.50. Many custom¬ 
ers who have bought it report that they have 
saved from $8 to $10 In buying this harness from us. 
, For full description of this and 60 other styles of 
harness and 125 styles of vehicles see our new 
illlustrated Catalogue. Your name on a postal 
r card will get It. 
Elkhart Carriage and Harness Mfg. Co., 
W. B. PRATT, Secy. ELKHART, INDIANA. 
♦> a <y 
Don’t Pay Three Profits 
If you are going to pay for a carriage why not pay the least you 
can for the best vehicle? Get all you can In material and workman¬ 
ship—pay as little as you can for handling and “extras.” 
You save the jobber’s commission and the retailer’s profit when 
you buy direct from the factory. You pay the cost of making with 
one moderate profit added. We are not agents, but manufacturers 
of buggies, carriages, surreys, phaetons, wagans, harness and horse 
accessories. Everything guaranteed. With our illustrated catalogue 
you can order easily and safely. I f what you order does not suit, send 
it back and we will pay the freight both ways. First, get the catalogue. You are welcome to a copy. 
THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS COMPANY, COLUMBUS, 0, 
No. 3034 Buggy. Price |3T .25 
With Leather Quarter Top. 
One load will do several dol¬ 
lars' worth of repairing, yet 
a load costs but 10c.. and the 
machine will last a lifeiime. 
That’s why it is called the 
ECONOMY. Pays for Itself 
nearly every time it is used 
AGENTS WANTED,..,, 
NEATEST, REST, CHEAPEST 
HARNESS RIVETER 
on the market. The handiest, as it can be used in any position 
Repairs Harness, Self-Binder Webs, Belting, in fact anything 
where a well-clinched rivet will serve the purpose. CAN BE 
CARRIED IN YOUR POCKET. 
THE PRICE IS RIGHT. »»»50c. 
(In 2c. stamps) for sample and terms to agents. Will send it loaded 
AS A SELLER IT HAS NO EQUAL.° 
Every machine is ft IIA D A IITCCTl to do perfect work. It is 
finely Japanned UUHilAll I ECU and nickel plated. 
Our agents are making from #5 to #10 per day. “I aiu 
well pleased.” “ It is the best seller I ever handled.” That’s what 
they all say. Send at once for sample, and select your terri¬ 
tory. If you will wish a fine leatherette sample case and order 
book send 25c. extra. 
Fredericktown, 
Ohio, 
FOOTE ECONOMY C0„ 204 S. Main St., 
