1899 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
io3 
New York State Dairymen. 
(CONTINUED.) 
1894 to 1897. They found the following 
averages: 
Cost of Cost of 
milk per butter 
Pounds of Pounds of 100 lbs. per lb. 
milk. butter, in cents, in cents. 
First. 7,057 1,209 73.28 11.94 
Second.... 6,155 3,484 80.40 13.89 
Third. 4,315 2,555 111.10 18.21 
Yet the poorest of these cows—the ones 
that gave from 200 to 300 pounds of but¬ 
ter—are 50 to 100 per cent better than 
the average cow in New York State. 
Since these cows produced butter at a 
cost of 18% cents, how can the average 
farmer find profit in the average cow ? 
This should be conclusive proof that 
every dairy farmer should grade up his 
herd to a profitable basis. There is a 
difference of 50 per cent in cows that pro¬ 
duce butter at 11.94 cents per pound, and 
those that produce it at 18% cents per 
pound. How any farmer would jump at 
a chance to lend money at 50 per cent 
profit; yet, how slow he is to jump for 
P. Root, Gilbertsville. Vice-Presidents — Hon. 
Theodore Roosevelt and Charles A. Wieting, Al¬ 
bany; W. C. Sanger, Sangersville; F. A. Con¬ 
verse, Woodville; Geo. Merry, Verona; D. P. 
Whittier, Richford; J. A. Clark, Falconer; G. D. 
Wheeler, Deposit; Dr. W. H. Jordan, Geneva; 
D. R. Knapp, Cortland: O. H. Hale, Norfolk; 
Prof. I. P Roberts, Ithaca; C. H. Royce, Rhine- 
cliffe; Jesse Owen, Elmira; Prof. Van Slyke. 
Killing Geksis —Some farmers, said H. E. 
Cook, have a contempt for “ germs ”, but whether 
they do or not, they have to deal with them, and 
no washing will affect them ; it takes live steam 
to kill them. He applied a little salve to the 
farmers’ injured feelings by saying that some of 
the factories ought to have dynamite under them, 
on account of their filth and uncleanness. 
Canadian Cheese. —Dr. W. H. Jordan said that 
the Canadian Minister of Agriculture had gone 
last year to London with his cheese expert, to 
study the market and find out, if he could, why it 
was that Canadian cheese had fallen off some 
points last year. They discovered that the lower 
scoring was due to overheating, and he con¬ 
cluded that this occurred in the cars which car¬ 
ried the cheese from the factory to the dock. He 
purposed to see that the railroads put on refrig¬ 
erator cars for the handling of this cheese, the 
same as they had been compelled to do for the 
handling of butter. 
the profits in the cow. The place to look 
for profit is at the farm end of the busi¬ 
ness, not at the creamery. The farmer 
cannot change the markets. He can 
change his methods, and the sooner it is 
done, the more wealth he will have to 
leave to his children. 
A Standard of Cattle Foods. 
Dr. W. H. Jordan said, among other 
good things, that the stations are estab¬ 
lishing a standard of cattle foods. A 
large part of the mixed foods put on the 
market are the waste products of other 
foods, such as cotton-seed meal, linseed 
meal and glucose. These have become 
standard cattle foods, and contain large 
parts of protein. Stations are now 
studying cattle foods. The oat feeds, 
he says, are made principally of tht 
shells of the best oats that are used for 
making oatmeal, and the poorer grain 
that is not used for the human product. 
The lowest grade of this contains the 
sweepings and refuse of the mills. These 
show 62 per cent digestible matter, while 
corn shows 85 to 90 per cent of digesti¬ 
ble matter. He said the oat feeds are 
selling in the State from $2 to $3 a ton 
higher than the price of corn. The in¬ 
digestible matter is crude fiber, and not 
available for animal nutrition, conse¬ 
quently aside from the extra price of the 
oat feed, there is from 15 to 20 per cent 
less nutriment in it. Thus it is seen 
that the stations are establishing a 
standard for cattle feeding. Products 
of the same class are valuable as foods 
in proportion to digestibility. He ad¬ 
vised against the buying of carbonaceous 
foods. He advised raising them as they 
do in Canada, in the shape of peas and 
oats. This also saved the expense of 
buying commercial fertilizers. He in¬ 
sisted that it is a healthy condition 
when the farmers produce the most of 
what they need. 
In his work, Dr. Jordan said, he had 
to consider the man side. This he called 
the supreme side of his work. “The 
agi'icultural people are the seed-bed of na¬ 
tional character .” If in all this work we 
are only to get a little more money, or 
to teach the farmer to make a little 
more money, it would be discouraging. 
He couldn’t consider the farmer as sep¬ 
arate from the family. He thought of 
the work as a source of National 
strength, and the building up of the man¬ 
hood and womanhood of the country. 
He looked at it as a means of building 
up and maintaining the integrity and 
standing of the American home. d. 
CONVENTION NOTES. 
Canadians Outstripping Yankees.— Prof. H. H. 
Dean paid a compliment to the early dairy in¬ 
terests of New York State. He said that Cana¬ 
dians had learned their dairy business from New 
Yorkers, but reminded us that we found the 
Canadians apt pupils. They had now outstripped 
the Yankees in the production of cheese. 
Officers Elected.— President, S. Brown Rich¬ 
ardson, Lowville; Vice-President, G. A. Smith, 
Frankfort; Secretary, W. W. Hall, Gouverneur; 
Treasurer, F. E. Dawley, Fayetteville. Direct¬ 
ors—Prof. H. H. Wing, Ithaca; H. E. Cook, Den¬ 
mark; Jared Van Wagenen Jr., Lawyersville; 
C. M. Lamont, Owego; V. C. Beebee, Arcade; C. 
Whey for Feeding. —H. E. Cook, whose excel¬ 
lent paper on Patron’s Relation to Cheesemaker 
will be printed next week, made much of the 
waste products of the creamery. Whey contains 
half the solids of the whole milk. The whey, he 
said, is nearly a balanced ration for calves and 
pigs. The reason people fail in feeding it is 
that they allow it to stand 24 hours in a dirty 
vat, then haul it home in dirty cans, and store 
it again in filthy barrels, from which it is used 
to make hogs and cuss words. He told of the 
different uses that are now being made of the 
whey in the production of sugar and paper, but 
insists that it is worth more for feeding young 
animals than for any of these purposes, if fed 
sweet and before acid develops. We ought to get 
enough, he claimed, out of the by-products in the 
Cheddar cheesemaking process to pay for the 
manufacture at the creamery. 
What is Oleo ?—Mr. Kracke, Assistant Com¬ 
missioner of Agriculture, located in New York 
City, said that oleomargarine is made of different 
kinds of fat, cotton-seed oil, chemicals, some¬ 
times other products, colored to represent pure 
butter. On his recent trip from New York to the 
National Congress at Texas, they were fed ex¬ 
clusively on oleomargarine except in the dining- 
cars. If oleomargarine were driven out of the 
market, the average price for butter would be 
from two to three cents a pound higher than it is. 
He said that some of it runs into New York City 
yet; that it comes in largely in the night-time in 
hearses, paint barrels and similar packages. He 
showed a sample of paraffin wax which weighed 
35 grains, which had been taken out of less than 
an ounce of oleomargarine. This is at the rate 
of six to seven pounds to 100 pounds of butter It 
gave a stiffness to the oleomargarine, to make it 
better represent butter. Paraffin wax is in¬ 
soluble and indigestible, and in fact, is not af¬ 
fected by acids. 
Oats and Peas. —In answer to the question 
whether pea-ano-oat meal makes a good ration 
for dairy cows, Gov. Hoard said that pea meal 
contains 17 to 18 per cent o’ protein. Peas can 
be grown cheaply on New York State land. He 
said growing peas would make a bigger man 
than buying meal. He thought one trouble with 
New York farmers is that the farm is bigger 
than the man; he wanted farmers who are big¬ 
ger than the farm. To grow peas, he selects 
an early piece of land and after plowing and cul¬ 
tivating thoroughly, sows two bushels to the acre, 
and plows them under four to five inches deep. 
He said one need not be afraid that they would 
grow the other way. They would always come 
up. In five days, he put on White Schoenen oats, 
1/4 bushel to the acre. He would select these 
oats because they have stiffer straw than any 
other oats that he knows. He would harvest the 
peas for forage when the oats are in milk, and 
the peas in the boiling state. In this condition, 
they would not shell. He would put them up in 
cocks as he would corn or clover, and cover 
thejn. He has a cotton cover 40x 40 Inches; he 
ties a stone to each corner, and puts it over the 
forage to protect it from the weather. When 
cured, put in the barn. They also may be put 
into the silo. He said he could make ensilage of 
anything. If you want the seed, the straw should 
be cut a little green, and then it may be thrashed 
and ground; but he recommended saving the 
straw, as it is an important food. 
What Breed of Cow ? 
What breed of cows will be best for me to buy ? 
I have room and feed for only one or two cows. 
I would like to have a breed that Is not too large 
a feed consumer, and one that will give a large 
quantity of good fat milk, that will make from 
seven to nine pounds of butter per week. What 
price ought I to pay for a cow of the above de¬ 
scription ? w. T. M. 
Cressona, Pa. 
Ans. —The matter of breed of cow to 
buy is largely a matter of choice to the 
individual. However, in this case, it 
might be best to buy one of the smaller 
breeds, as W. T. M. states that he would 
not like a large cow. Either Jersey or 
Guernsey would answer the purpose 
very nicely, and any cow that would not 
produce the amount of butter named 
would hardly be worth keeping. In re¬ 
gard to the price, if a purebred be pur¬ 
chased, the cow would cost, probably, 
considerably more than a grade ; but it 
might give better satisfaction, taking 
everything into considEration. Often 
high grades can be obtained at a mod¬ 
erate price, say in the neighborhood of 
$50, which would answer every require¬ 
ment except the pleasure of owning a 
fancy cow and one with pedigree. The 
prices of purebred animals vary greatly 
according to pedigree, the records be¬ 
hind them and the reputation of the 
breeder. l. a. 
A Sick Steer. 
I have a yearling which I wish to beef, but he 
won’t eat anything only for a day or so, and then 
I have to change his feed. He does not have any 
appetite. What shall Ido? t a. g. 
Pennsylvania. 
Ans —What are you feeding? An 
animal of such an age is very seldom off 
his feed unless there is some digestive 
trouble. Give him a drench of a pound 
of Epsom salts, and give a light diet of 
succulent feed. You let the animal cat 
too much. A good ration to start on 
would be 25 pounds ensilage, 4 pounds 
bran, 2 pounds oat chop and 8 pounds 
hay. If you have no ensilage, roots 
might be substituted. Never give him 
quite all he will eat at any time. As he 
develops, more grain may be added to 
the ration, and the ensilage and roots 
slightly lessened. 
Cream Separators. 
De Laval “Alpha " and “Baby " Separators. 
First—Best—Cheapest. All Styles—Sizes 
Prices, $50 to $800. 
Save $10 per cow per year. Send for Catalogue. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO., 
Randolph and Canal Streets, I 74 Cortlandt Street 
CHICAGO | NEW YORK. 
Good as Five Cows 
A Little Giant 
Separator will in¬ 
crease a dairy herd 
by 25 per cent. In a 
herd of twenty dairy 
cows it will give the 
farmer as much but¬ 
ter as five of his cows. 
Without the sepa¬ 
rator that butter 
would be wasted in 
the skim-milk. Think 
about this carefully 
and then send for 
special circulars. 
P. M. SHARPLES, 
Branches: West Chester, Pa 
Toledo, O. Omaha, Neb. 
Elgin, Ill. St. Paul, Minn. 
Dubuque, la. San Francisco. Cal. 
STOP THE WASTE. 
The old-fashioned milk pan, or even the 
improved deep setting creamei-y dues 
not get all the cream out of the milk. 
Since centrifugal separators cost too 
much money, what shall you do? Why, 
USE THE AQUATIC 
CREAM SEPARATOR. 
it gets all the cream, -tops all waste 
and does it cheaply. Adapted to one or 
more cows. Hade in sizes up to 10 
cows. Their use improves the quality 
of the butter. Pri e $5 to $11. Full 
'particulars and catalogue free. We want 
agents everywhere. These separators 
are good sellers. Write at once. 
AQUATIC CREAM SEPARATOR CO. 
119 Factory Sqr., Watertown, N. Y. 
STOCK FEEDERS 
listen to this and t hink befaft 
buying a feed grinder. There 
over 20,000 
now In use. Grinds ear com 
all grains fine or coarse 
family meal or feed 
ANTED. Prices, «U 
Write for circa 
and agency. 
MFQ. CO. Box 29, Joliet, 111 
Good Cows 
are the foundation of successful 
dairying. The next important step 
all about separators. 
Empire 
Cream 
Separator. 
Then it will be an 
easy matter to make 
high-grade butter and 
the most of it. They 
run 50% lighter than 
any other machine of 
similar capacity. Our 
catalogue will tell you 
Send your address. 
U. S. Butter Extractor Co., Newark, N. J. 
Top Price Butter. 
The kind that a fancy private 
trade demands, is colored with 
Thatcher's Orange Butter Color — 
the color that does not contain 
any poison. Send for a sample. 
THATCHER MFC. CO., Potsdam, H.Y. 
America’s Champion Buttermaker. 
Winner of First Prize at the Great National 
Convention. 
Sioux Falls, S. D.—The seventh annual conven¬ 
tion of the National Creamery and Buttermakers’ 
Association which has just closed was the most suc¬ 
cessful ever held, there being COO entries of butter 
and several thousand people in attendance. For the 
fifth time in succession the prize-winning butter was 
colored with Wells, Richardson & Co.’s improved 
butter color, a marvelous proof of the superiority of 
this color. 
The highest score this year was made by A. W. 
McCall, Creston, Iowa, who scored 97. The almost 
universal use of Wells, Richardson & Co.'s improved 
butter color by the best buttermakers is shown by 
the fact that out of 193 who scored 90 or over, only 
four used any other color. At the recent Exposition 
at Omaha, Wells, Richardson & Co.’s color received 
a gold medal for purity, and was used by all the 
prizewinners in the butter exhibited. 
It is the only color that can be depended upon to 
always give a natural butter shade at any season of 
the year, and as it is much stronger than other colors, 
it is by far the most economical. 
FumaCarbon Bisulphide 
“The wheels of the gods grind slow but exceed¬ 
ing small.” 80 do weevil, but don’t let them grind 
your grain, it doesn’t pay. iicilUA liasothers 
KILL THEM WITH FUMA, are doing. 
EDWARD R. TAYLOR. Cleveland, Ohio. 
GROUND FEED 
1. the bent feed for all animals because 
it is more easily digested than whole 
grain. Then, too, there Is no loss 
in feeding it. With a fast grind¬ 
er like the 
__Kelly Duplex 
It can be ground daily, being always fresh, or ground 
in quantity as desired. This is the only really 
fast Crinder made requiring small power, Don’t 
buy a grinder until you get our free catalogue No. 8 . 
O. S. KELLY CO., Springfield, O. 
ahead of al 1 other mills. ^The load 
Is equalized, and each horse must 
pull his own share. Great gain in capa¬ 
city, speed and comfort. No gearing; no 
friction. Give your horses a chance. 
SPECIAL PRICES NOW. <Alsomake6 
sizes belt power mills; 2 to 25 H. P.) 
P-N. BOWSHER CO. SOUTH BEND, IND. 
WHAT IS THE BEST SEPARATOR? 
THE IMPROVED UNITED STATES. 
Why—Because it has the Triple Current Bowl 
which recovers all the cream in the milk. 
Skims Perfectly Clean ; Is Very Easy to Operate. 
T Williamsburg, Iowa, July 28,1898. 
1 he Improved U. S. Separator is giving splendid satisfaction, 
it skims perfectly clean and is very easy to operate. We would 
not think of handling any milk without the Improved U. S., 
which I consider the best separator on the market. 
J. W. THOMAS, Steward Iowa Co. Poor Farm. 
Write for catalogues and further information to 
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., - Bellows Falls, Yt. 
