February 3 8 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER? 
HOW INSECTS SPEND THE WINTER. 
THEY DODGE JACK FROST. 
And Turn Out Ready for Business. 
{Concluded.) 
Some Apple Pests. —In 1898, at least 
4,000 acres of apple orchards in western 
New York were stripped of foliage by 
canker worms; at least five different kinds 
of canker worms were engaged in this 
destructive work. In the case of three 
of the kinds, the moths emerged from 
the ground during November and Decem¬ 
ber, crawled up the trees, laid their 
quotas of eggs on the bark, and then 
died, leaving it to the eggs to carry the 
species through the Winder. In the case 
of the other two kinds, however, they 
are now asleep as little brown pupae in 
the soil under the trees ; they will awake 
as moths during the first warm days in 
March or April, and crawl up the trees, 
lay their eggs, and then die. 
About $3,000,000 worth of “wormy” 
apples and pears are grown in New York 
State every year. How many know 
where the CodliDg moth or Apple worm, 
which causes this great loss, spent the 
holidays this Winter ? The same worms 
or caterpillars that made the fruit 
“ wormy ” last Fall, are now in hiberna¬ 
tion ; thus, in the case of this common 
insect pest, the Winter is passed as a 
caterpillar. Where ? Soon after the 
worm leaves an apple, it spins about 
itself a tight, rather dense cocoon of silk, 
within which it hibernates. If the worm 
does not get full-grown and leave the 
fruit until after it is barreled or put in 
storage, its cocoon or Winter home will 
be made in the most convenient crack or 
cranny in barrel or storeroom. If the 
worms escape from the fruit while the 
latter is on the tree or on the ground be¬ 
neath, then most of them find their way 
to the trunk of the tree, under the loose 
bark of which they spin their Winter 
home. Thus many of the same worms 
which infested apples and pears in 1898, 
are now to be found on the trunks of 
the trees snugly tucked away in a silken 
home of their own construction. I doubt 
whether they are frozen in these tight, 
warm homes ; but many of them do not 
escape the sharp eyes and bills of the 
birds which spend the Winter with us ; 
there are many “ups and down” in an 
insect’s life. 
Plum Curculio; Pear Psylla. —An¬ 
other inveterate enemy of the fruit 
grower is the Plum curculio. The cur- 
culios which stung the fruit last Spring, 
all died before July, but from their eggs 
were developed grubs, which went into 
the ground, and there tranformed, 
through pupae, to Plum curculios or 
beetles. These curculios emerged from 
the ground in July and August, fed for 
a time on the plum or other foliage, and 
then in September or later sought a shel¬ 
tered spot where they might spend the 
holidays and the rest of the Winter in a 
quiet sleep, undisturbed by prowling ene¬ 
mies. Plum growers have noticed that 
they catch more curculios in the Spring 
on those plum trees nearest a patch of 
woodland or a hedgerow of some sort; 
this is because such places offer ideal 
hibernating quarters for the curculios. 
Thus this insect passes the Winter in the 
adult stage, and the curculios which 
will sting the fruits in 1899, were born 
in July or August, 1898, and have with¬ 
stood the attacks of Jack Frost during 
one Winter. 
Papa and mamma Pear psyllas are 
now hibernating in the crevices of the 
bark on the pear trees. Mother Nature 
is depending upon these to start the 
broods of young nymphs or baby psyllas 
which will suck out the life of many 
pears, and even of some whole trees, in 
1899. The above instances are only a 
few of the many among our well-known 
insect foes, which might be cited to illus¬ 
trate the varied and interesting methods 
pursued by these little creatures to get 
through that portion of the year when 
almost everything is in the clutches of 
Jack Frost. Insects have no Christmas or 
New Year to look forward to during 
this cold period, and there is no Santa 
Claus to arouse curiosity and wonder¬ 
ment in their sleepy little brains. 
M. V. SLINGEBLAND. 
Red Kidney Beans. 
E. M., Marblehead, 0 — Will some one who 
knows te’l about the culture of the Kidney bean? 
Is it a bush or pole variety ? What soil is best 
adapted to its growth, and where and at what 
price may the seed be obtained ? 
Ans.—A ll kinds of beans (except Limas 
are raised for market here, and any soi 
that will raise corn will raise all kinds 
of beans. I have heard of ground too 
rich for beans, but I have seen grounc 
here that produced 55 bushels of wheat 
per acre, and that was good ground for 
beans. The Kidney is a bush bean, with 
no runners whatever. We plant about 
Junel, with a grain drill (with extra 
cups) in rows 28 inches apart, about one 
bushel per acre. Clean and level culti¬ 
vation is best. Red Kidneys are worth 
$1 60 to $1.75 per bushel of 62 pounds. 
Orleans County, N. Y. Clark allis. 
Water Heater for Hotbeds. 
H. W., Fairfield, N.J. —Could a hot-water heater 
ba made to take the place of manure in a hotbed 
where such plants as lettuce, beets, peppers, 
tomatoes, etc., are grown ? How deep should the 
pipes be in the ground, and what size ? Can the 
heat be regulated ? 
Ans. —Hot water or steam could be 
used in place of manure for heating a 
frame (which would then be a warm 
frame, rather than a hotbed), but if H. 
W. has facilities for such heating, we 
should think it better to build a cheap 
house, instead of using the frame, since 
it would give greater scope for results. 
In some parts of southern New Jersey 
what is known as a fire bed or hot-air 
bed is used, in which fire takes the place 
of fermenting manure. This has a fire- 
pit at one end of the frame, with a hot¬ 
air flue, which is, also, the smoke flue, 
gradually sloping up to the other end, 
where it passes into the chimney. A bed 
of this sort is described as 12 feet wide 
and 60 feet long, having the furnace 
about four feet below the surface, two 
feet high, and 18 inches wide, with an 
eight-inch terra cotta flue. The seed-bed 
is supported by rafters four feet apart, 
on which boards are laid. The bed is a 
foot deep over the fire, and six inches 
deep at the opposite end. The bed is 
covered with two rows of sash. Some¬ 
times muslin or plant-bed cloth is usf d 
in place of glass This style of bed ap¬ 
pears to be used quite largely for start¬ 
ing sweet potatoes. 
Waste steam is some l imes used to heat 
a hotbed, being run through tile. It is, 
however, a simple matter to construct 
sash bouses or other simple forcing 
houses, and we think that hot-water 
heating would better be utilized in a 
house of this kind than in a frame. 
One Hundred 
Doses One Dollar is true only of Hood’s 
Sarsaparilla, and is an unanswerable ar¬ 
gument as to strength and economy. Its 
wonderful record of cures effected,totally 
unprecedented in the history of medicine, 
is due to a combination, proportion and 
process peculiar to itself, and its enor 
mous sales are the result of its unusual 
merit which has won for it the people’s 
confidence. Remembei 
Hood's parilla 
Is America's Greatest Medicin e. Price, $1. 
Hood’s Pills cure biliousness, indigestion 
BEST SEEDS ON EARTH! 1 
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From Saginaw Valley Seed Gardens. 
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FORMERLY, DECATUR. 
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URPEE’S 
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B 
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J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, S 
MARBLEHEAD, MASS. 
££££££££££££££££££3£ 
FOR 14 CENTSI 
We wish to gain this year 200,000 
new customers, and hence offer 
r, t,, 1 13 Day Radish, 10 c 
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"1 “ Earliest Red Beet, 10c 
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1 “ Early Dinner Onion, loo 
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» np a lb. Potatoes at $1.20 
a Bb!. Catalog alone 5c. No. Ill 
SALZKlt SEED CO., LA CltOSSE, WI8. 
Seeds! Seeds! 
75th Anniversary Catalogue of 
Vegetable, Farm and Flower Seeds, 
Is now ready, and mailed free to all applicants. 
BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE, 
37 Hast 19th St., New York City. 
Kansas Seeds 
Headquarters for Rocky Ford 
■ Cantaloupe Seed, Alfalfa, Sor¬ 
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£eed. Choice Onion Seeds at 
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Kansas Seed House. J-.hartelites & Co., Lawrenee,K»u. 
SEEDS 
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R. H. SHUMWAY, 
ROCKFORD, ILL. 
ESTABLISHED 1802 
SEEDS 
Our 1899 Catalogue is now ready, 
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J.M.THORBURN&CO. 
(late of 15 John Street) 
36 C0RTLANDT STREET, NEW YORK 
IFERRY5 
SEEDS 
were famous years ago—their fame ' 
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1899Seed Annual is free. 
. U. M. FEKli Y A CO.,. 
Detroit, Midi. 
' m 
WE NO LONGER SUPPLY 
SEEDS TO DEALERS. 
PURCHASE FROM US DIRECT. 
Everything f th B Garden 
“Everything for the Garden ” is the title 
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a 190-page book, 9x11 Inches, containing over 
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the best of the old and the latest of the new. 
To trace advertising, and give our Cata¬ 
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Every Empty Envelope 
Counts as Cash. 
To every one who will state where this ad¬ 
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containing one packet each of New Large- 
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Pansy, New Jubilee Asters, New Golden 
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PETERHENDWSOtkCo 
35*37 CoRTLanotSz/Vew YoP/i 
From the GROWER. 
Vegetable and Field Seeds, 
SEED POTATOES. 
r — Raised on our own Farm. Prices the lowest possible. Send for 
our Catalogue now—this very hour. It costs you nothing and you ought to see 
it before buying any seeds. Jos. Harris Co., Moreton Farm, via Coldwater, N. Y? 
For 
1899 
Dreer’s Garden Calendar... 
t A h“?^o“u>S°.S'SM"r‘Stl«“f nW “ d rate ’ “ wel1 “ 
Seeds, Plants, Bulbs, Etc. 
kandsome book of 168 pages, profusely illustrated, mailed FREE to 
those who state where they saw this advertisement. 
HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa. 
