118 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
February IS 
4 Test for Skim-milk. 
G. II. C., Summit, N. Y .—Is it a sufficient test of 
a separator to set the -warm skim-milk in a deep 
can in cold water ? 
A ns —Such a test would compare the 
two methods of creaming, and that is 
all. If any cream were to rise from the 
separator skim-milk, it would show that 
that method was more effective than 
the separator. The only way to tell 
whether the separator took out all of 
the fat, would be to have the skim milk 
analyzed or te'fed with the Babcock 
tester. 
Protein Crops for the North. 
./. S li.. Iona, Pa.—What is the feeding value 
of Soy-bean meal ? What the per cent of digesti¬ 
ble protein, carbohydrates and fat? I would 
like to raise as much protein as possible. Can¬ 
ada peas gave an abundant crop, but the weevils 
destroyed nearly all. I then planted Soy beans, 
a green variety, which grew 2Yt to three feet 
high, and were full of pods from the ground up; 
but the pods all burst and scattered the beans. 
Ans. —The Soy beans seem to vary 
somewhat in their composition. One 
analysis gives 30 per cent of protein, 16 
of fat, and 17 of carbohydrates, digesti¬ 
ble. With us, the Soy bean has not 
proved as useful as the southern cow 
pea. It seems to require more fertilizer 
on average soil, and with us, has shown 
a more delicate habit of growth. We 
find the Early Black cow pea more satis¬ 
factory in every way. We advise you to 
give this cow pea a trial. 
Improving Strawberries by Selection. 
J. \V. liSalem ., Maes .—Outside of a few nur¬ 
serymen’s catalogues, I seldom read anything 
relating to the improvement of varieties of straw¬ 
berries by selection. The grower in matted rows 
simply selects vigorous plants for his new bed, 
and without a separate bed for propagation, is 
unable to select from individual plants. M. 
Crawford and others consider the superiority of 
certain plants to be due largely to environment, 
yet if I understand Prof. Bailey correctly, va¬ 
riation caused in this way is in some degree 
inheritable. Shall we have some opinions from 
an authoritative source bearing closely upon the 
practical side of the question ? 
Ans.—S o far as The R. N -Y’s experi¬ 
ence goes, we do not believe that any 
plant or fruit can be induced to continue 
to improve after it is given all it needs. 
There is the plant or berry at its best. 
No amount of selection can improve it. 
You can keep a variety of potato or 
tomato or strawberry at its best by giv¬ 
ing the care it needs—otherwise it de¬ 
teriorates. 
Questions About Early Potatoes. 
E. A. G., Norfolk, Mass .—I have one acre of 
land which now has a good covering of rye, 
w-hich I purpose to turn under and plant to pota¬ 
toes for a main crop. I would like to get a large 
crop, as most of my neighbors think 100 to 150 
bushels a good crop, and some are not very fav¬ 
orable to chemical fertilizers which I have to use. 
I have, also, a sidehlll facing almost exactly 
south which I wish to use for very early potatoes. 
It is quite sandy, and can usually be plowed 
pretty early. Part of it was plowed the middle of 
March last year. A neighbor has some Early 
Fortune potatoes which, he says, are two weeks 
earlier than Early Rose. What would you ad¬ 
vise to do about planting them ? How early 
ought they to be planted, and what treatment is 
needed to get early results ? What formula for 
fertilizer would you recommend for quick, 
efficient work ? What would be the danger from 
too early planting ? What variety besides B»auty 
of Hebron would you recommend for the larger 
and later piece, which I wish to seed to rye early 
in the Fall ? How much and what fertilizer 
should I use to get 300 bushels of good potatoes ? 
Ans — At present, we would prefer the 
Bovee for the sidehill. We have never 
tried the Early Fortune potato, but 
James J H. Gregory claims that it is the 
earliest potato in the world. He says 
that he raised it on a large scale last 
season and he finds it to be a potato of 
good quality, very early, and an excel¬ 
lent cropper. We would plant in your 
section about April 20. Light frosts, if 
they should come after the tops are up, 
would merely kill the vines down to the 
ground ; the stems under the ground 
would continue to grow. We would use 
at the rate of, at least, 1,500 pounds of 
chemical fertilizer to the acre, and we 
would have this fertilizer contain the 
following per cent of food constituents : 
•about four per cent of nitrogen, eight 
per cent of phosphoric acid, and eight 
per cent of potash. Of all the potatoes 
we know, we would prefer the Sir Walter 
Raleigh for the main crop ; if not that, 
the R. N.-Y. No. 2, Carman No 1 and 
Carman No. 3. 
4 Dangerous Cabbage Disease. 
77. C. C., Bellwood, Pa.— What is the cause of 
late cabbage rotting? The plants were raised 
on open ground, and transplanted on a sandy 
soil. I used lime and manure as a fertilizer* 
Ans. —This rotting is, probably, due to 
a bacterial disease, Bacillus campestris. 
It has damaged the cabbage crop, more 
or less, for about 10 years, and has re¬ 
cently been thoroughly studied by Prof. 
H. L. Russell, of the Wisconsin Experi¬ 
ment Station, and by Dr. Erwin F. 
Smith, of the United States Department 
of Agriculture. In 1896, the estimated 
loss from cabbage rot in southeastern 
Wisconsin was $50,000 to $60,000. Long 
Island seed growers are often heavy 
losers. It also attacks cauliflower, kale, 
Brussels Eprouts, and turnips, though 
to a less extent. The first appearance 
of the disease is a wilting and blacken¬ 
ing of the edges of the leaves. Thence 
it passes down to the main stem, and 
when once established there, spreads 
rapidly through the whole plant. A 
black, slimy decomposition often accom¬ 
panies the disease. 
There is frequent loss from the rot in 
storing Winter cabbages, even though it 
was not apparent when the heads were 
pulled. Cabbages which show small 
black streaks in the stem should never 
be stored. Their only value is for im¬ 
mediate use. There is no adequate 
remedy for the cabbage rot when it is 
once established in the main stem. We 
must depend on preventive measures. 
Refuse stumps, heads and leaves carry 
the germs through the Winter, and 
should be destroyed. Rotation of crops 
is essential. Do not set cabbage on very 
wet soil. Finally, keep close watch, and 
pick off all affected leaves before the 
disease has worked its way down to the 
main stem. Commercial growers in Wis¬ 
consin have found this an entirely prac¬ 
ticable method for holding thg disease 
in chock. s. w. F. 
Our only daughter had a severe Cough. It con¬ 
tinued to grow worse for over a year. We thought 
she was going Into consumption and were very anx¬ 
ious about her. Jayne's Expectorant was recom¬ 
mended. After the first two doses, we saw a change, 
and In a very little time she fully recovered.— 
A. H. MASSEY, Shieldsville, Minn., November 8, 
1895. 
For sick headache take Jayne’s Painless Sanative 
Pills.— Adv. 
STRAWBERRY 
Plants at a Bargain 
lOO Varieties. 
E.J. Hull.Olyphant,Pa 
DEI Oil TBFFQ 4 40 « 114 3 to 4 ft. at 
I tAun 1 all 1 yr. from bud. healthy 
and thrifty: no scale. Official certificate 
accompanies each shipment. Sample by express if 
wanted. Can ship any time. Trees kept dormant 
till May 10. 11. S. JOHNSTON. Box 4, Stockley, Del. 
ALL BRASS 
$17 outfit for $6 exp. paid. 
Will spray a 10 acre orchard per day. 
75,000 in use. Satisfaction guaranteed or Money 
refunded Illd. catalogue free Agts. make from 85 
io$15 per day. New improvements for ’99. 
Free Trial, p. c. LEWIS MFG. CO., Catsklll, N.Y. 
our new patent 
! SPRAYERS 
Kerosene Emul- 
made while pumping. 12 var¬ 
ieties sprayers. Bordeaux and Ver» 
morel Nozzles, the World's Best. 
THE DEMINQ CO. Salem, 0. 
Western Agents, Herndon & Hub- 
Chicago. Catalog, formulas free 
Every 
farmer, gar¬ 
dener, fruit or 
flower grower 
and poultry 
keeper should get 
“ Vapor 
Gem Sprayer 
Tank and pump of heavy 
copper. Will hist 20 years. 
Regular price $2.00. Fir.t pur- 
chaser In each district get. reduced 
price £1.50 (express prepaid) also 
agency for full line of sprayers. 
Send for one now. Send for Catalog. 
Field Force Pump Co., 
3 Market St., Lock port. N.Y 
Not a shadow 
' of a doubt of it. 
The only ques¬ 
tion is—what 
sprayer to use. 
But if you have a 
dozen other spray¬ 
ers you’ll find use 
for the VAI’OK 
OEM. Not so 
large as some 
—but the han¬ 
diest of all. 
Sprays trees 
12 it. high. 
One load¬ 
ing for 
an 
acre 
of 
vines. 
D. LANDRETH & SONS, 
21 and 23 S. Sixth Street, 
PHILADELPHIA. 
Largest Dealers in Farm Seeds. 
A Gardener’s Guide 
Large crops are easy of attainment with our 1899 catalogue. A 
valuable guide to good gardening aud farming. Every page a 
storehouse of scientific information and suggestion to the amateur 
as well as professional planter. The result of 115 years of seed 
growing and experience concentrated in its pages—yours free for 
the asking. Full details concerning the following: 
Seeds 
Heeds Trees 
V 1 11 CM 
J'lantH 
Shrubs Bulbs 
Machinery 
Asparagus 
Beet 
Beans 
Corn 
Cabbage 
Carrot 
Cauliflower 
Cucumber 
Celery 
Kgg Plant 
Lettuce 
Onion 
Okra 
Melon 
Peas 
Parsley 
Potatoes 
Radish 
Tomato 
Apricot 
Apple 
Pear 
Peach 
Quince 
Plum 
Cherry 
Fig 
Chestnut 
Walnut 
Grape 
Blackberry 
Dewberry' 
Raspberry 
Strawberry 
Currant 
Gooseberry 
Cranberry 
Ferns 
Palms 
Rubber 
Crotons 
Japanese 
Dwarfs 
Chabo Hiba 
Sotetan 
Begonias 
Salvias 
Roses Hyacinth 
Cbrysan* ITullp 
thcmuml Crocus 
Hydrangeas Narcissus 
Azalia Lily 
Paeon v Dahlia 
Jasmine ! Tuberose 
Honeysuckle C&nnu 
Japan Ivy Gladiolus 
Clematis 
Incubators 
Brooders 
Seed Drills 
Lawn Mowers 
Wheel Hoes 
Cultivators 
Wine Presses 
Sprayers 
Pumigators 
COP I A I In order to get the name and address of every grower of 
^ ™ i mm seeds in the country, we will mail five distinct packets 
of named Sweet Peas, (retailing at 5c. each), and our beautiful Catalogue to 
any address on receipt of IU cents. 
I 
The Finest] 
Garden 
In the neighborhood this year, will be 
yours—if you plant IWaule’s Sefids. My 
new Seed and Plant Book for 1899 contains 
everything good, old or new. Hundreds of 
illustrations; four colored plates; complete 
up-to-date cultural directions. Full of 
bnsiness cover to cover. A 600 page Year 
Book and Almanac with complete weather 
forecasts for 1899. free with every order of 
81.50 or upward for 
MAULE’S 
SEEDS 
I send the best Agricultural Weekly in the 
U. 8. for only 26 cents per annum. Ten 
packets of the newest novelties in Sweet 
Peas, only 20 cents. It also gives rock 
bottom priceB on the best Onion Seed in 
America. It is pronounced by all the 
brightest and best seed book of the year, 
and you need it before placing your order 
for 1899. Mailed free to ail who mention 
having seen this advertisement in the 
Rubai, New Yobkeb. 
WM. HENRY MAULE, 
1711 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Almost Given Away 
s 
E 
E 
D 
S 
TO INTRODUCETHEM 
15 pkts. Vegetable Seeds, 25c. 
10 pkts. Flower Seeds, 10c. 
NEW PROLIFIC DENT CORN 
Cash Prize for Longest Ear 
Large pkt., 10c. 
Our Elegant Seed, Plant and Live 
Stock Annual Free 
s 
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THE SAMUEL WILSON CO. 
MECHANICSVILLE, PA. 
Potato Seed-Ball Seed. 
Genuine—hybridized. Thousands never saw this 
rarity; thousands more have tried in vain to get the 
seed. Don’t miss this one opportunity to get some and 
try yourband at growingnewseedltngvarietiesof po¬ 
tatoes. Fortunes have been made with seedlings, and 
Your Fortune 
may be in 
One of These. 
Nothing that grows is more 
intensely interesting. They 
will produce an end less va- 
(potato seed hauls! rlety of kinds, colors and 
shapes. As easily grown as tomatoes. My seed is a 
wonderful success, acd will be a prize to every one, 
I send complete directions. Order to-dav. 
Large packet OOOseeds'withCata'ogof bargains. 1 
Dime or 12c. in stamps; 3 pkts. for 25c. prepaid. 
300 mixed varieties of the most beautiful Flower 
Seeds free with prompt orders naming this paper. 
Address A. T. COOK [Seedsman], HYDE PARK.N.Y. 
15 Choice Vegetables for IO Cents. 
One pkg. beets—Lentz Early Blood; 1 cabbage— 
Lupton; 1 cabbage—True Danish Winter; 1 cucum¬ 
ber—Arlington White Spine; 1 celery — Evans’ 
Triumph: 1 carrot—new Carentan; 1 lettuce—Grand 
Bapids; 1 lettuce—Denver Market: 1 pepper—Kuby 
King; 1 melon— Kocky Ford; 1 onion—Michigan Yel¬ 
low Globe; 1 onion—Early Barletta Pickling; 1 
radish—True Ilosy Gem; 1 tomato—Bend’s Early 
Minnesota; 1 tomato—New Stone. For 10 of your 
neighbors’ names that use seeds, and 10 
cents In stamps, we will mail you free the 
above 15 packages of choice vegetable seeds 
with our annual catalogue. 
SIEGEL, The Seedsman, ERIE, PA, 
DflTATO irABII -Forl5(lay -s wiM niail you 
■ U I H 1 U I Mirim one pound of any potato 
you wish. Remit 8 cents postage required. Potatoes 
and circular free. 75 kinds. 
S. J. SMITH, Manchester, N. Y. 
SEED POTATOES . 
Sir Walter Raleigh and Carman No. 3 High grade 
stock. Per 4-bu. barrel. $3. Bu , 85e., f. o. b. 10 years 
a grower. A. B. HORST, Dalton, Wayne Co., Ohio. 
pn|ntf|no—Sir Walter Ualcigh, Ohio. Bovee and Car- 
i ululolj mans, Great Northern and Early Siberian 
Seed Oats; Success Barley. Prices low. Write 
L. NOBMAN NELSON, Laney, Wis. 
Vegetable Plants. 
Make money by raising early vegetables. Our 
plants are guaranteed to be of good size, and to be 
grown from extra selected seeds. The largest estab¬ 
lishment in the United States devoted exclusively 
to the raising of vegetable plants. The prices quoted 
below are for transplanted, well-hardened plants. 
Per ICO. Per M. 
Cabbage plants ready March 15.$0.40 $3.00 
Tomato plants ready May 1.10 3.00 
Celery plants ready March 15.40 3 00 
Pepper plants ready May 1.40 3.00 
Eggplant plants ready May 1.50 4.00 
We raise all of the leading varieties. Stamp for 
catalogue. Cash must accompany all orders. 
J. E. HUTTON, Conyngham, Fa. 
Beardless Barley. 
Quick grower; stiff straw. Yields for me from 40 
to 60 bushels per acre. Price. $1 per bushel 48 pounds; 
10 bushels, 90 cents. Bags free Remit b" money 
order, express order or New York draft. Reference: 
State Bank of Fillmore. 
G. E. M1NARD, Fillmore. N. Y. 
Al nVFR CFFn tor Sale.—Good quality. Price 
uLUfbfl OCLU $ 3,75 per bushel. Sacks, 15 cents 
each; f. o. b. PAUL 8. STEARNS, Prairie City, 111. 
H uron Early Dent Seed Corn.—On ordinary land 
yielded 60 bushels shelled corn per acre, without 
fertilizer or manure last season. $1 per bushel, 
bags, 10c. S. DEAN, Oak Hill, N. Y. 
SOUTHPORT GLOBE ONION SEED. 
Meeker’s Smoothing Harrows, Onion Seed Drills and 
Hand-Wheel Hoes. C. O. Jelliff & Co., Southport, Ct. 
Public Opinion. 
The following extracts from letters re¬ 
ceived from some of our leading horti¬ 
culturists are well worth considering : 
J. B. Wilson, Fibre, Mich., says; “The 
fruit trees that I received from S. W. 
Call, Perry, O., were the best I ever saw 
come from any nursery.” 
G. W. Hiskett, Fulton, O , writes: 
“ With an experience in fruit tree plant¬ 
ing extending over a period of over 50 
years, the fruit trees that I received from 
S. W. Call, Perry, O., are the finest trees 
I ever planted.” 
B. F. Nash, Peru, Ind., says : “I have 
bought trees from agents and also direct 
from different nurseries, but the trees 
that I received from S. W. Call, Perry, O., 
were the best lot of trees I ever bought. 
They were perfect in top and root.” 
Hundreds of others write similar let¬ 
ters. Call’s Price List will he sent free 
to any of our readers requesting it. 
UIC UAlfC 0 nnn IPDCC III CDIIIT Five acres of LOGAN. We have, a fine stock of 
VfC RAVE feyUUU fUmCO 111 rnUII ELDORADO and LOUDON. DELAWARE 
PEACHES and W1CKSON PLUMS, are specialties. We have fine two-year old stock. CHERRIES and 
STRAWBERRIES iD good supply Send for our catalogue of all the valuable new and standard varieties. 
MYKK & SON, lirulg;eville, Del. 
DO NOT SET A PLANT UNTIL YOU HAVE READ R. M. KELLOGG'S 
GREAT CROPS OF SMALL FRUIT 
AND HOW TO GROW THEM. He has grown the largest crops of fancy fruit over produced on an 
acre. In his experimental garden are single PLANTS WHICH PRODUCE ovek FOUR QUARTS of tine 
large berries. Our customers have done as well This has been accomplished by scientifically breeding up 
plants to a high fruiting vigor so they throw theirenergies to the development of fruit instead of use¬ 
less runners. All are propagated from an IDEAL PLANT, and restricted for sixteen years or since the 
introduction of the variety. The largest and most perfectly equipped experimental gardens in United 
States. The cheapest plant is the one which will give you the best fruit and most of it. You can’t afford to 
play second fiddle on the market by using scrub plants. The only large stock of strictly t horoughbred plants 
in America. Standard varieties only 15 cents per dozen and 300 for ®1. Start a propagating 
bed with these strong fruiting plants. The book is sent free. 
Send in your order quick;. Address K. M. KELLOGG, Tiiree.,Kivers, Mick. 
