THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
February 18 
124 
THE PATRON’S RELATIONS TO 
CHEESEMAKERS. 
[Abstract of a paper read by H. E. Cook, at 
the meeting of the New York State Dairymen.] 
Americans Not Eating Cheese. —The 
future of cheese depends as much on the 
farm end as the cheesemaker end. Un¬ 
less a radical change be made in the 
business, it will be pushed out of the 
State. The first change must come in 
the care of milk, and in the conditions 
that surround it at the farm. The 
American people are not good consumers 
of cheese They don’t regard it as a 
food. It is ined as a dessert. One-half 
pound will feed a whole table. The goods 
that were marketable 10 years ago are 
out of date now. Cheese that was mar¬ 
ketable then could not be sold now. At 
that time, New York City was the point 
of cheese export; not more than 20 per 
cent of the amount is now shipped from 
that port that formerly went through. 
What is the cause ? The British have net 
stopped eating cheese. Other people 
have the trade that once belonged to us. 
The success of American cheese mu t de¬ 
pend more on the home market than on 
the foreign trade. The trouble with the 
export trade is that one cannot reach out 
beyond the buyer, and the buyer is a 
speculator or middleman 
The Home Market gives us the advan¬ 
tage of getting nearer to the consumer. 
This affords an element of success, be¬ 
cause the producer can learn the demands 
of the consumer. The demand is for a 
soft, rich cheese, the kind that our grand¬ 
mothers used to make. One trouble i-j 
that there is no standard. The pur¬ 
chaser always tastes cheese before buy¬ 
ing it. If we had a regular standard, this 
would not be necessary. A good stand¬ 
ard of cheese would be, richness 80, flavor 
20. If this sort of cheese were produced, 
it would result in an immense consump¬ 
tion of American cheese by Americans. 
Dealers in large cities of the State 
claim that there is no limit to the de¬ 
mand for soft cheete, but they fail to get 
a uniform quality. If in an order of 
three cheeses, they get two good ones, 
they are lucky. Contracts can be made 
with large city grocers, and avoid the 
middlemen This class of cheese will 
command from a half cent to a cent m 
advance of the foreign trade. 
Good Milk Needed —One of the trou¬ 
bles in producing good cheese is the ina¬ 
bility to get the right kind of milk. Pro¬ 
ducers rarely take an aggressive stand. 
The movement for better milk doesn’t 
come from the farms, but if at all, from 
the manufacturer, or from the State in 
the name of boards of health. The man¬ 
ufacturer who attempts to improve bis 
products is opposed by the milk pro¬ 
ducers. They resent any attempt on the 
part of the creamerymen to insist on 
care in the production and handling of 
milk. There is a want of sympathy and 
union of action between them. The 
trouble at the creamery end often comes 
from the want of a right man for the 
place. A manufacturer should be, first 
of all, a business man. The purchase 
plan is, usually, more satisfactory than 
the patron or cooperative plan, because 
it is more likely to have the right man 
at the head of it. There is little en¬ 
couragement for the individual producer 
to make good milk. He knows that, no 
matter how careful and painstaking he 
may be, the milk of the slovenly neigh¬ 
bor across the road will be mixed with 
his own at’ the factory. The factory 
manager makes no effort to recognize 
the superior product. All is dumped to¬ 
gether to make a fair average. The pur¬ 
chase plan is becoming more popular, 
because the price is fixed, and the pro¬ 
ducer knows just what he is doing. The 
pati on plan doesn't afford a fixed price. 
The right kind of a manager might ap¬ 
ply these results to the patron plan, but 
he would have to know what is stand¬ 
ard, and what is not, and should have 
the courage to reject what isn’t up to the 
standard. 
Milk Inspection. —The system of in¬ 
spection, as adopted by the condensed- 
milk factories, would be a good one for 
cheese factories. We have underesti¬ 
mated the importance of cooling milk for 
cheesemaking, and given too much at¬ 
tention to aerating alone. Cows should 
be kept comfortable and warm, and the 
stables clean. We have been told that 
the cracks in the barns and stables 
should be closed up ; that it is cheaper to 
warm cows by hemlock boards than by 
corn, yet this system has its attending 
difficulties. Where the gutters leak, de¬ 
composition will take place under the 
floors, and odors come up into the stable. 
It is hard to ventilale a stable of this 
kind, and these odors will affect the 
milk as it is drawn. All decomposing 
matter on the farm should be buried, 
especially dead animals. Milk should 
be accepted at the factory on the fat 
basis, and never in rusty cans. The cans 
should be cleaned and sterilized at the 
factory. It takes live steam to kill 
germs. 
Mr. Cook ridiculed the custom of some 
tidy-looking farmers, who always draw 
on a pair of overalls to milk, but who 
take them off after milking, and allow 
them to hang in the corner of the stable 
until the next milking. He gave an 
illustration of how not to wash the 
strainer. Straining, he said, is some¬ 
thing of a myth any way. True, it takes 
out the chaff and straws, but how about 
the time the old cow put her foot in the 
pail ? He didn’t want anybody to go 
home and say that he is opposed to the 
strainer, but he wanted to make the 
point clear that straining would not take 
the nastiness out of iniik. 
DAIRY MATTERS AT ALBANY. 
Embalmed Dairy Goods. —Gov. Roosevelt knows 
something about embalmed beef, and he pro 
poses to move against the embalmed milk, but¬ 
ter and other food articles sold in this State. The 
Governor is opposed to commissions, but he has 
before him a bill creating a State Board to in¬ 
spect and condemn adulterated food. Senator 
Ambler has a bill prohibiting the sale of any 
dairy product of this State which contains a pre¬ 
servative. The Pacific Coast Borax Company 
came forward with scientists and others, to show 
that borax is not injurious. Butter exporters, 
however, soon silenced them by showing that 
embalmed butter is excluded from all the mar¬ 
kets of the world except two. Butter containing 
borax is confiscated as soon as found, in most of 
the leading butter-buying countries. It was 
shown that this country suffers immense loss 
from the use of borax and salicylic acid by but- 
termakeis. Foreigners may not have stronger 
stomachs than Americans, but at least, they 
have more respect fer them, and decline to ac¬ 
cept our embalmed butter. It was clearly shown 
at the hearing that these preservatives are not 
needed; that cold and cleanliness will keep milk 
as long as it ought to be kept. It was stated 
that, probably, many of the diseases of children 
in the great cities are due to the preservatives 
put into the milk. Down with the embalmed but¬ 
ter, before the down grows upon it! 
Assemblyman Vincent has introduced a bill to 
compel cheese manufacturers to make a state¬ 
ment to those furnishing milk, of the amount of 
cheese made, and amount of butter fat credited 
to said patrons. 
Senator Ambler has amended his “renovated” 
butter bill so that it will not interfere with the 
manufacture of club and other fancy cheese, and 
of the condensed milk industry, where much 
sugar i3 used. The “renovated” butter para¬ 
graph is unchanged, and Senator Ambler in¬ 
formed The R. N.-Y. representative that he hoped 
to get the measure passed. He added: “ It is in 
the interests of the dairymen, the consumer, and 
honesty.” 
Assemblyman Johnson has introduced a bill 
appropriating 815,000 to provide for further in¬ 
vestigation by the State Veterinary College at 
Cornell, of contagion and disease of cows, swine 
and live stock. 
Tuberculosis in Cattle. —Bovine tuberculosis 
has been the subject of much discussion and 
some legislation in New York State during the 
past seven years. By an act of the Legislature, 
the State Board of Health began the investiga¬ 
tion of tuberculosis in cattle in 1892. The Board 
continued work till in 1894, when its appropria¬ 
tion ran out. The Board examined in all 27,435 
cattle of which 1,824 were killed, but the post 
mortem examinations showed that but 851 had 
tuberculosis. The large herds of ex-Gov. Morton, 
Frank W. Hawley and Shepard Tappen were 
among those slaughtered. 
In 1894 the Smelzer bill became a law, and 
under it, Gov. F.ower appointed Dr. Florence 
O’Donohue, Prof. James Law, Frank E. Shaw, 
David F. Wilber, and William O. Squire, a com¬ 
mission to take charge of the work. It was to 
exist one year, and had 815,000 to use. It was to 
investigate and then report recommendations for 
future action. It examined 2,417 cattle, of which 
495 were killed as being tuberculous. 
In 1895, Senator Smelzer introduced a bill to 
create a department to be known as the Bureau 
of Animal Industry to take charge of the work. 
It appropriated 8250,000. In the Assembly, Mr. 
Nixon introduced a bill to create a Bureau of 
Tuberculosis in Cattle, a radical measure that 
would have involved untold expenditures. Both 
measures failed of passage. Then came the 
creation by special act of the Tuberculosis Com¬ 
mittee of the State Board of Health, whose efforts 
are familiar to R. N.-Y. readers. 
This year, several bills have been introduced 
touching this subject, but the most important 
one is that introduced by Assemblyman E. C. 
Brennan, of Brcoklyn. It creates a commission 
to be called the State Live Stock Sanitary Com¬ 
mission, which commission shall consist of the 
Governor of the State ex-officio, and five other 
commissioners, to be appointed by the Governor 
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 
as follows: The Commissioner of Agriculture, a 
practical breeder of live stock, the secretary of 
State Board of Health, and two competent and 
qualified veterinarians, who are graduates in 
good standing of some recognized and reputable 
veterinary college. Each commissioner shall 
be appointed for a term of four years and shall 
be subject to removal by the Governor for incom¬ 
petency or neglect of duty. 
There are many 
thousands of wise wo¬ 
men in this country 
who, when they found 
that they were suffer- 
iing from weak¬ 
ness or disease of 
their distinctly 
womanly organ¬ 
isms, promptly 
wrote to an emi¬ 
nent and skillful 
physician, with a 
world-wide repu¬ 
tation, instead of 
trusting their 
cases to some ob- 
scure physician 
with but limited 
practice and ex- 
' perience. There 
are many reasons why a wise woman fol¬ 
lows this course. The chances are that an 
obscure physician of small practice will 
not diagnose troubles of this nature prop¬ 
erly. If he does, he will insist on the 
obnoxious examinations and local treat¬ 
ment from which every sensitive, modest 
woman shrinks. 
The specialist referred to is Dr. R. V. 
Pierce, for thirty years chief consulting 
physician to the Invalids’ Hotel and Surgi¬ 
cal Institute, at Buffalo, N. Y. Thirty years 
ago he discovered a wonderful medicine 
for diseases peculiar to women, that may be 
used effectively in the privacy of the home, 
and does away w'ith all necessity for exam¬ 
inations and local treatment. This medi¬ 
cine is known as Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Pre¬ 
scription. It acts directly on the delicate 
and important organs concerned in wife¬ 
hood and motherhood. It makes them 
strong, healthy and vigorous. It allays in¬ 
flammation, heals ulceration, soothes pain 
and tones and builds up the nerves. Taken 
’ during the period of prospective maternity, 
it banishes the usual discomforts and 
makes baby’s coming easy and almost pain¬ 
less. It insures the little new-comer’s 
health and an ample supply of nourish¬ 
ment. Over ninety thousand women have 
testified to its marvelous merits. Medicine 
dealers sell it. 
It is a druggist’s business to give you, not 
to tell you, what you want. 
Any ailing woman may write to Dr. R. V. 
Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y., and get free advice. 
By inclosing 21 one-cent stamps in her 
letter, to cover cost of mailing only , she 
may secure a paper-covered copy of the 
‘‘People’s Common Sense Medical Ad¬ 
viser.” Cloth bound, 31 stamps. 
Suits Everybody. 
We guarantee the Star 
Incubator to be perfectly 
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chaser or return your 
money without question. 
No other incubator com¬ 
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NO MOISTURE to be supplied. Catalogue free. 
STAR INCUBATOR & BROODER COMPANY, 
Bound Brook, New Jersey. 
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unless after 30 days trial you want our In¬ 
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fielf-regulating. BUCKEYE INCUBATOR CO.,Springfield,0, 
BOOM BUSINESS! 
Don’t be satisfied with poor results, 
You can hutch thousands of chick¬ 
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PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOR 
without a possibility of failure. That 
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PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOR CO., HOMER CITY. PA 
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GREIDER’S FINE CATALOGUE 
■ of priws winning poultry tor 1899. The finent poultry book out. A 
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i. price of egp;s and stock from the very best strains. It shows the 
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Everybody wants this poultry book. 8end Six cents in stamps. 
B. H. GREIDEK, FLORIN. PA. 
& BRABAZON’S POULTRY-CATALOGUE 
rpCTT It’s a beauty; over 50 colored plates. Illus- 
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J. R. Brabazon, Jr. & Co., Box 57, Delavan, Wig. 
Blanchard’s White Leghorns. 
The leading strain of heavy layers. Kggs for hatch¬ 
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1 200 hens 15, *1.60; 30, $2.25; 00. $4: 100, $0. Send for 
cir. II. J. BLANCHAKD, Groton, Tompkins Co., N. Y 
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young Barred P. Hocks; also Kggs. Circular 
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MORE EGGS 
are laid by hens when kept free from 
vermin. LAMBERT’S DEATH TO 
LICE is the remedy, it costs but 10c. to 
try it. My 64-page Poultry Book free. 
D. J. LAMBERT. Box 307, Apponaug. H.I 
Snugly Tucked Away 
among the warm feathers .. 
of the old hen you will find _ 
the cause of no eggs, infertile >5 
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Hunting for lice is a disagree- cr J 
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Lee’s Lice Killer you don't 
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GEO. H. LEE CO., 1110 Farnam St., OMAHA, NEB. 
'78 Michigan St., CHICAGO. 68 Murray St., NEW YORK 
Highest Price FOR EGGS 
oomei in tha winter when area are ecarce. Green Out 
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HATCH 
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