1899 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
245 
i 
Live Stock and Dairy 
BREEDING FOR A DAIRY TYPE. 
AN IDEAL IN MIND. 
Importance of the Bull. 
Type in Mind. —To become a success¬ 
ful breeder of dairy cattle, one must be 
possessed of an accurate knowledge of 
the type which he is striving to produce. 
He must be tenacious in his labors, and 
as unchanging as the hills. He must be 
a lover of Nature, and have the eye of 
an artist. 
In the first place, one must choose the 
type or breed which he purposes to spend 
his life in improving. This is an im¬ 
portant matter, for he must not only 
have in mind the financial prospect, but 
should choose the breed for which he 
has the most natural liking. No man 
should attempt to breed cattle merely 
for profit, if he has a natural dislike for 
the breed. He will not put enough 
heart in the business, and will be satis¬ 
fied with animals which he would other¬ 
wise reject. 
Study the Breed. —Having decided 
the breed he will adopt, he should ac¬ 
quaint himself thoroughly with their 
characteristics. He should study the 
ducing qualities, must be in a financial 
condition where the cows must make a 
profit, or the sheriff might sell the foun¬ 
dation stock before the big-producing 
offspring were born. 
The next step lower than this is out¬ 
side of purebred cattle. We must buy 
grades or natives, but still with the same 
ideal before us. They should, of course, 
be the best producers we can get, and 
should come as near to the type we are 
after as possible. At the head of this 
herd, we should place a purebred bull, 
and as good a one as we can possibly 
afford. 
Importance of Bull. —Here I would 
emphasize the necessity of paying a great 
deal of attention to the choice of the 
bull. While we get but one calf each 
year from the cow, the bull is the parent 
of all. The only way we have of judg¬ 
ing the bull, until his calves come to 
maturity, is by his individual conforma¬ 
tion and his pedigree. I would place the 
individuality first, because I believe that 
the calf is most likely to be influenced by 
its nearest ancestors. The ideal bull 
should be like the ideal cow excepting 
the allowance for masculinity. He should 
AYRSHIRE COW. CLIO ROSE 7525. Fie. 103. 
scale of points adopted by the breeders 
of these cattle, that go to make up a 
perfect animal, then judge each animal 
he sees by this scale until he acquires 
the faculty of noting these things quick¬ 
ly and accurately. After he has ac¬ 
quired the proper knowledge, he is 
ready to procure the foundation of his 
herd, and here is where his financial re¬ 
sources become the leading factor. If 
his resources are practically unlimited, 
he should buy those coming the nearest 
to perfection that he can find. By this 
I mean that they may be perfect in form, 
the best procurable in pedigree, and the 
largest producers. But the men who 
can start with such a herd as this are 
few, and if I were unable to get all 
these things, I would discard the per¬ 
fect form. That is, I would not go 
in for the fancy points that cost so 
much to get, but would buy cattle of 
good breeding and, being good pro¬ 
ducers, I should expect that the fancy 
points would appear in some of their 
offspring, as they had appeared in the 
ancestors. 
Big Producers —Next we come to the 
man who cannot afford this class of cat¬ 
tle. For him, I would advise that he 
discard the pedigree, and buy the pro¬ 
ducers. I expect to excite criticism on 
this point, for some will contend that 
pedigree should go before individual pro¬ 
duction. But we must bear in mind that 
the man who cannot buy cattle possess¬ 
ing both first-class parentage and pro- 
have a deep, roomy barrel, for, while he 
may not require to hold a large amount 
of food, his female offspring will, to be 
large producers. He may be excused for 
carrying a heavy crest, but not a heavy 
ham, for if his daughters are thick- 
hammed, where will they find room for a 
big udder ? He should have large, well- 
placed rudimentary teats, so that his 
daughters shall have good square udders 
and good teats, also. 
Natives or Grades. —If we start with 
native or grade cattle, we must use par¬ 
ticular care not to lose sight of the ideal 
for which we aim. By this I mean, do 
not use a Jersey bull one year to produce 
cows giving richer milk, then a Holstein 
the next so that they will give more milk, 
and after that, an Ayrshire or some other 
breed, for some other reason. We must 
understand that each time we change, 
we begin again at the bottom of the lad¬ 
der. Each breed or type has been bred 
for many generations with one idea, and 
whenever we change, we bring strange 
characteristics to war with the ones we 
already have, until the result is a loss of 
characteristics entirely, and we arrive 
at the “Jack-of-all-trades ” or dual-pur¬ 
pose COW. J. GRANT MORSE. 
New York._ 
Australian rabbit Inspectors, whose duty it is 
to aid in the extermination of these animals, 
have been ordered to use poisoned jam to kill the 
rabbits on Crown lands, instead of phosphor- 
ized grain. It is thought that phosphorized grain 
is responsible for bush fires. 
THE AYRSHIRE CATTLE. 
The Ayrshire breed of cattle is of 
Scottish origin, taking its name from 
the county or shire of Ayr. The modern 
Ayrshires, as we find them now in this 
country, are qu ; te different from the 
original animals of the breed. In the 
modern Ayrshire, the color varies al¬ 
most as much as in Short-horns, and is 
much the same, red and white predomi¬ 
nating ; but in many individuals, black 
hairs scattered through the red give the 
blue and white color which is never seen 
in pure Short-horns. Roans are quite 
common, and roan and white were for¬ 
merly very abundant, but breeders re¬ 
quire colors, of whatever shade, to be dis¬ 
tinct. 
The general outlines of the breed are 
described as similar to those of all milk 
breeds, being light and narrow in front 
and gradually deepening toward the 
hind quarters. The head is narrow and 
close-fleshed, bright medium-sized eyes, 
and small horns, showing a tendency to 
assume more or less irregular positions ; 
ears thin and well-coated; neck fine, 
body deepening toward the flank. 
The udder of the Ayrshire cows has a 
special peculiarity. It is large, but so 
broad and vertically flattened as to ap¬ 
pear small. It spreads out well both in 
front and to the rear, divisions strongly 
marked, with strong cylindrical teats, 
wide apart and evenly placed. The Ayr¬ 
shire is distinctly a milk breed, and has 
often been called the milkman’s cow. 
Some claim that the cows are not of the 
highest class for butter, on account of 
the peculiarity of the milk, that the fat 
globules are not equal in size ; but the 
per cent of fat in the milk is good, and 
taken in connection with a large amount 
of casein, renders the milk excellent for 
cheese-making. 
At Fig. 103 is shown the Ayrshire cow, 
Clio Rose 7525, the property of C. M. 
Winslow & Son, of Brandon, Vt. This 
cow is 15 years old this Spring, and is 
said to be still hearty and strong, and 
up to her average milk, last year. She 
has never been the heaviest milker, but 
a very persistent one, having never been 
dry since her first calf, always giving a 
fair yield of milk of high quality. Since 
her first calf, she had given 89,424 pounds 
of milk to January 1 last. She has won 
a good many prizes at fairs, both in the 
show ring and in butter-fat contests. 
Her largest yield for any one year was 
8,455 pounds of milk and 441 pounds of 
butter. 
The Ayrshire cattle are very highly 
recommended, and seem well adapted 
for the northern and colder parts of the 
country. As they are natives of a cold 
climate, they seem naturally better 
adapted to the North than some of the 
other breeds. They have rugged consti¬ 
tutions, and their many good qualities 
seem to be pushing them into popular 
favor, although no great effort has been 
made to boom the breed. 
THE CALF QUESTION. 
days ?” I aim to remove them as soon as 
strong enough to get up, and they will 
learn to drink with very little trouble. 
I never had a pot-bellied calf, and I have 
never failed to get the top price of the 
market for what I had to sell. For a 
week or ten days, I feed all the whole 
milk, and-then for two months, at least, 
half the whole milk with two handfuls 
of corn meal added. Later, when all 
skim-milk is used, I add all the meal I 
can take up in the hand four times ; this 
is twice a day, and the calf has the run 
to Alfalfa hay. With all due respect to 
your reader, it would seem to mj that 
something aside from the corn meal 
causes the trouble. G. g. b. 
Lakin, Kans. 
R. N.-Y.—You mu it remember that the 
correspondent was writing of heifer 
calves intended for the dairy. 
Ten Calf Rules —The correspondent 
quoted on page 144, sends us this scheme 
for raising a calf : 
1st. Wean from cows when about three 
days old. 
2nd. Use a Small’s calf feeder, or any 
plan whereby the saliva becomes mixed 
with the milk as drank. 
3d. Use milk at 98 degrees, running it 
up as high as 105 or 110 degrees if neces¬ 
sary to check scours, and letting it down 
as low as 90 degrees if the calf seems 
costive. 
4th. Don't test the milk with your finger, 
but use a thermometer. 
5th. Keep the feeder and pans clean. 
6th. Don’t let the calf overload itself, 
better have too little than too much. 
7th. Mix nothing with the milk, but 
as soon as the calf is four weeks old. 
begin to give it clover hay and bran, 
and as soon as it will eat it, give it a few 
oats ; nothing will develop its maternal 
functions more fully. 
8th. Try to get it to consume large 
quantities of rough fodder, and don’t 
worry if it becomes pot-bellied, but don’t 
forget to keep up the bran and oats while 
it is doing this, for it must have lots of 
protein. 
9th Don’t feed corn meal until after 
it has had a calf. 
10th. Don’t try to make it fat; keep it 
strong, healthy and constantly growing, 
but don’t make it fat. 
He says that the calf soon forgets her 
practice on the calf feeder, and never 
tries to suck herself or other cows. 
The Nebraska State Fair is to be held within 
the Exposition Grounds, the coming Fall, at 
Omaha. The Greater America Exposition direc¬ 
tory has appropriated $100,000 for the organiza¬ 
tion of a colonial exhibit, and to send a repre¬ 
sentative to the Philippine Islands at once. The 
Exposition agrees to place whatever space may 
be found necessary for an exhibit, in the various 
lines of agriculture, at the disposal of the State 
Board of Agriculture, and to employ such of¬ 
ficers as may be needed to superintend the ex¬ 
hibit. 
Breeders’ Directory. 
This column is reserved for small cards of live 
stock, including poultry, breeders. No cuts. Rates 
on application. 
A Kansas Calf. —Referring to the ar¬ 
ticle on Feeding the Calf, page 144,1 will 
say that your reader’s conclusions are in 
direct opposition to my own, hence my 
only reason for protest. I have “ hand- 
raised” many calves during the last 
eight years, and corn meal fed both with 
whole and skim-milk has given me 
calves of which any one may be proud. 
I’ve yet to have a calf that scoured on 
that feed. If the milk is cold, it is 
warmed, but no test is made; the corn 
meal is added, and the whole kept agi¬ 
tated while the calf is drinking, so that, 
when finished, there is very little meal 
left in the bucket. 
“Why let the calf suck the cow three 
C HENANGO VALLEY STOCK FARMS, Greene, N 
Y.—Dutch Belted and Jersey Cattle; Dorset and 
RambouiUet Sheep; Poland-China, Jersey Red and 
Suffolk Pigs; White and Bronze Turkeys, Peafowls, 
and Blooded Chickens. J. D. VAN VALKKNBURGH. 
im uni QTEIMQ F0R SALE—Two Pauline 
IU0 nULwlLlliO Paul-De Kol Hulls ready for 
service. Butter-bred Bulls as low as $50 Calves sired 
by our famous Royal Paul, and rich-milking cows and 
heifers bred to him. Dellhurst Farms, Mentor, Ohio. 
YOUNG SOWS 
bred at $15, all sold. Have some 
fine ones that have had one lit¬ 
ter, and are safe with pig now at $20. Good value. 
F. H. GATES & SONS, Chittenango. N. Y. 
Woodland Short-horns heifers (bred) for sale 
W. I. WOOD, WiUiamsport, Pickaway Co., Ohio. 
IMPROVED CHESTER WHITES 
of the best breeding and all ages for sale at reason 
able prloes. Pamphlets and prices free. 
CHAS. K. RECORD. Peterboro, N. Y 
From hard work 
or outdoor exercise 
Soreness and Stiffness 
sets in. 
St, Jacobs Oil 
will CURE it after a few 
applications, and make 
the muscles limber and 
strong. 
