1899 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. * 
Value of Urine and Hen Manure. 
E. D. R-, Tioga County, Pa —I wish to know the 
value approximately of the urine of a horse or 
cow as compared with the solid voidings for a 
year. How much is a 16-quart pailful of urine 
worth ? How much Is a bushel of well-dried, 
well-cared-for hen manure worth ? 
Ans. —Only estimates based on a num¬ 
ber of widely-separated experiments can 
be given. The following table, com¬ 
piled mostly from European sources, is 
usually accepted as correct: 
--Per cent.-, 
Nitrogen. Phos acid. Potash. 
Horse urine. 
1.52 
— 
.9 
Horse solids.... 
.55 
.35 
.1 
Cow urine. 
1.05 
— 
1.36 
Cow solids. 
.43 
.12 
.04 
There is merely a trace of phosphoric 
acid in urine. A 16 quart pailful of 
horse urine weighs not far from 35 
pounds. The nitrogen and potash in it 
are worth about nine cents. A 40-gallon 
barrel of such urine contains over five 
pounds of nitrogen. You would have 
to dissolve over 35 pounds of nitrate of 
soda in a barrel of water to obtain an 
equal strength. The average for a herd 
of 12 cows in Denmark for one whole 
year was 7,519 pounds of milk, 18 432 
pounds of solid manure, and 6,454 pounds 
of urine. It must be remembered that 
the urine represents the most soluble 
part of the excrement. The urine alone 
from this herd of 12 cows was estimated 
as worth $183.12. Fresh hen manure is 
worth about twice as much as ordinary 
horse manure. When well dried with 
plaster, without mixture with feathers 
or sand, such hen manure is worth over 
one-third of a cent per pound. 
Horse Beans and Cow Peas. 
J. II. M. D., North Bridgewater, N Y.—I intend 
to put in my silo this year as nearly a balanced 
green ration as has yet been found. It will be 
sowed corn, English horse beans and Russian 
sunflower heads. We plant our corn about Hay 
20, and cut for silo the first week in September 
Are cowpeas the same as English horse beans ? 
When should I plant cow beans so as to have 
them ready at the same time as corn for the silo? 
The beans are to be run through the cutter, 
stalks and all', the same as corn. Sunflower 
heads must be matured. 
Ans. —The horse bean, the cow pea and 
the field bean, are three distinct plants, 
all belonging, I think, to the same bo¬ 
tanical family, but entirely distinct. 
The horse bean generally makes a more 
upright growth than does the cow pea, 
the pods are rounder and the beans larger 
than is the case in either of the others. 
We have grown each of these plants at 
the Station, and cannot, with our present 
light, advise the use of either in the silo. 
The horse beans have uniformly made 
rather poor growth with us, and been 
seriously affected by a peculiar black 
blight. We are too far north to grow 
the southern cow pea successfully. For 
the States south of Mason and Dixon’s 
line, however, the cow pea makes an ex¬ 
cellent crop, and I should fancy would 
do well in the -silo. The only time we 
ever ensilaged it we were obliged to put 
in a relatively immature crop, and the 
ensilage was sour and unpalatable, either 
alone or when mixed with corn. 
JOSEPH L. HILLS. 
Director Vermont Ex. Station. 
Burning or Plowing Under Corn. 
S. A. L., Mooresville, N. C .—What would be the 
difference, from a manurial standpoint, where 60 
bushels of shelled corn are raised per acre, be¬ 
tween cutting and burning the stalks including 
the shucks, or plowing them under for another 
corn crop ? In other words, what amount of 
manure will be destroyed in burning? On this 
land, which is bottom, but never overflows, I 
wish to raise corn year after year. 
Ans. —In burning the corn stalks, you 
lose two things—the nitrogen disappears 
in the form of a gas, and you lose the 
organic matter or humus which is neces¬ 
sary in most soils. Figuring average corn 
stalks at two tons per acre, you would 
lose in this way 20 pounds of nitro¬ 
gen. The potash and phosphoric acid 
and lime would be left, and so far as 
availability is concerned, they would be 
in better condition to feed succeeding 
crops than before the stalks were burned. 
By sowing peas at the last working of 
the corn, you would have organic mat¬ 
ter enough to keep your soil in good con¬ 
dition ; but you should not, under any 
circumstances, burn the peas, beeausi 
they have taken the nitrogen out of th 
air, and it will be folly to burn th« 
and Bind it back again. It is d fficu 
to work the whole stalks under succts - 
fully, without first crushing them do r i 
with a roller and chopping them up v- i •) 
a disk or Cutaway harrow. By smas 
ing them down and burning over. yi 
would leave your land in fair eonditior 
but you should not under any circum 
stances, burn the peas after the corn. 
Never Burn Clover. 
J J. P., Inkster, Mich .—My ground is clay where 
I intend to plant sweet corn—Cory—and clover 
is lying on it very thick; it was not cut last Fall 
Is it better to burn the clover, or plow it under ? 
Ans.—W e would not, under any cir¬ 
cumstances,“burn clover. It is just ex¬ 
actly the thing you ought not to do 
The chief reason for growing the clover 
is to have it take nitrogen out of the air, 
and hold it for the use of other crops 
When you burn clover, you set this nitro¬ 
gen free, so that it passes back into the 
air again, where it is no use to the corn. 
By all means, plow the clover under, and 
do not under any circumstances burn it. 
Black Walnut Timber.— When Indiana was 
first settled, a considerable portion of its forests 
consisted of Black walnut. As the trees were in 
the way, they were cleared away very waste- 
fully, being split into fence rails and otherwise 
destroyed by ax and fire. Black walnut timber 
is now valuable for veneering, and a market is 
found, at good prices, for even the stumps and 
roots dug out of sandbars in the Wabash River, 
the remains of trees destroyed years ago. 
Thin, pale and consump¬ 
tive persons should use 
some constructive tonic that 
will enrich the blood, in¬ 
crease the nerve force and 
renew wasted tissues. 
Scott’s Emulsion is based 
upon scientific principles. 
We digest the oil for you 
by mechanical processes, 
thus strengthening your di¬ 
gestive organs by resting 
them. It stops wasting, 
and produces energy, vigor 
and warmth. The hypo- 
phosphites in it invigorates 
the nerves, and brain tissues. 
50 c. and $ 1 . 00 , all druggists. 
SCOTT & BOWNE, Chemists, New York. 
I AD AM PLUMS, PEAR and QUINCE, 85 per 100. 
JHlHIl Peach, 3c. All kinds of stock CHEAP. 
Cat. free. Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y. 
APPLE SCIONS 
Sutton’s Beauty. Malden Blush, llubbardston and 
Ontario. J. S. WOODWARD, Lockport, N. Y. 
APPLE SCIONS. 
York Imperial a. d Black Twig. 50 cents per 100. 
H. E. MARKKLL, Gerrardstown, W. Va. 
Scions from Bearing Trees.— Stuart’s 
Golden, Stayman, Babbitt, Paragon, Akin, Celestia. 
S. W. BLACK, Bremen, Ohio. 
Fruit Trees, Plants and Vines. 
Prices lower than ever. Catalogue free. 
SOUTHERN VERMONT NURSERY, 
North Bennington, Vt. 
BARGAINS ik PLANTS. 
Strawberry, Blackberry, Raspberry, Gooseberry, Cur¬ 
rants and Grapes. I also have six leading varieties of 
Poultry. My plants are as good as the best, and 
prices low. My Descriptive Catalogue free. 
R. J. STAHEL1N, Box 4, Bridgman, Mich. 
TfOOQ ** ^ —Collection best varieties. Total 
I1CC3 38. 83.50. Freight paid. To dose out stock: 
7 Pears, 7 Plums, 3 Cherries, 4 Peaches. 2 Quinces, 
8 Currants, 4 Gooseberries. 3 Grape Vines. 
G. C. STONE’S WHOLESALE NURSERIES, 
Send for circular giving varieties. Dansville, N. Y. 
Winter Nelis and Bose Pears 
in surplus. Also Dwarf Louise Bonne and Duchess 
pear trees: Lombard, Shipper s Pride and Bradshaw 
plum trees; Ben Davis, Talmau Sweet and other 
apple trees; Victoria and Cherry currants; Norway 
Spruce and Arbor-Vit®, about two feet high, at $10 
per 100. Surplus of Red-leaved Beech and Carolina 
Poplar. Send us a list of your wants, and let us price 
your list. GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N.Y 
26 l 
< ,0O°’Oo 0 T? 
” OF- TMC 
, * "SAMPLEvoi 
S TRAW DERRY 4 #1 
IFANY RELIABLE GROWER - jg 
OFFERS VOO PLANTS LESS i/ll&l, 
THAN MA CATALOGUE PRICE;. |/ 
WRITE GIVING NAME OF PARTY 
AND PRICE ; I WILL MAKE YOU jlfi 
A PROPOSITION . IF YOU HAVCf/ 
/NOT RECEIVED MY CATALOGUE 
OF ALI. THE NEW AND STANDARD 
VARIETIES.SE/NDFORIT. 
C. S.PRATT. 
READI/MG • MASS 
HEADQUARTERS 
+ For the .. / 
SAMP L. E!. . 
aa 
l 
HEW STRAWBERRIES 
H ifl Sort complete list of popular varieties In Xlokl 
IS Strong, healthy plants FRESH DUB »■* 
GUARANTEED to all parte U.8. and Canada: W« 
make especially of Choice Michigan Grows 
SEED POTATOES 1^CATAlSlGlFjB™ FREE 
and note what our customers In many states say about 
our carefully growmand gradedietock. 
FEANSBllRGfl & PIERSON, Leslie, Hick 
75 Excelsior Strawberry Plants, sent by mail, pre¬ 
paid, for $1. Earliest large, firm, productive berry. 
Cat. free. ENOS VV. DUNHAM, Stevensvllle, Mien. 
Lakeview Farm Berry Plants. 
1,000,000 Plants and V nes. Prices reduced. Loudon 
$8 per M. Agent Eclipse Spray Pump. Send for 
catalogue. WALTER F. TABER, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 
P EDIGREK STRAWBERRY PLANTS, 
of the best varieties. None better offered. 81.25 per 
1,000 and up. WM. PERRY, Cool Spring, Del. 
$20 
in Gold paid to name a valuable NEW 
STRAWBERRY. Catalogue and particu¬ 
lars free. PETER SPEER, Passaic, N. J. 
PIDC MAY m- parke * KarIe Junior Straw- 
nil t lllll I IU berry. Six plants by mall 
for 25c. T. C. KEVITT, Athenla, N. J. 
S TRAWBERRY Plants and Asparagus Roots. The 
cheapest and best plants In New England. Cata¬ 
logue free. C. PEIRCE, Dighton, Mass. 
RFRRY PI AMTQ freefrombllght Miller Red 
BLnn I ILMIl I 0 raspberry and Lucretia dew¬ 
berry 83.50 per 1,000. 8trawberry plants 81.25 per 1.000 
up. Catalogue free. D. W. MOSLEY, Dover, Del. 
FIVE 
ACRES 
Strawberries. 
Fifteen Leading Varieties. Prices 
right. E. CHURCH, Drinkwater Farm, 
West Hanover, Mass. 
inf) Straw berry Plaints, by mall,your selection, $1. 
IUU Clyde, Carrie, Darling, Margaret, Belt, Man- 
well, Seaford, Glen Mary, Louis Gauthier, Hall’s 
Favorite. P. SUTTON, Exeter, Pa. 
FAYS’ PROLIFIC RED CURRANTS 
are the most productive. Write for cut-rate prices. 
FRED. H. BURDETT, Clifton, N. Y. 
NEW STRAWBERRY 
Large. Early, Finn, Prolific. Holds color, goes into 
market without shrinkage, and in appearance as fresh 
as when picked. Plants now ready for delivery. 
10,000,150; 5,000,832.50; 1,000,87.50. 
O. A. JOHNSON, Upper Fairmount, Md. 
E very successful 
farmer who raises fruits, 
vegetables, berries or 
grain, knows by experience 
the importance of having a 
large percentage of 
Potash 
in his fertilizers. If the fer¬ 
tilizer is too low in Potash the 
harvest is sure to be small, and 
of inferior quality. 
Our books tell about the proper fertilizers 
for all crops, and we will gladly send them 
free to any farmer. 
GERflAN KALI WORKS, 
Pi Ntutu St., New York. 
Insure Your Crops 
OF WHEAT AND OATS. 
100 lbs. of Nitrate of Soda per 
acre applied early in the spring 
does it. Promotes stool ing, stimu¬ 
lates growth, increases yield. Of 
great value on all crops, vegeta¬ 
bles, grass, fruits, etc. Get free 
book, “Foodfor Plants,” which 
tells why. Address John A. 
Myers, 12—O John St., New 
York. Nitrate for sale by 
BALFOUR, WILLIAMSON, & CO., 
27 William St., New York. 
> ▼ t rT"T- rr 
"V T'V V ¥ ¥ T T V 
Profits of Farming 
GARDENING AND FRUIT CULTURE. 
depend upon Good Crops and they in 
turn upon Good Fertilizers. The 
uniformly best fertilizer for all Crops 
and all soils is made by 
The Cleveland Dryer Co., Cleveland, O. 
Materials Supplied for “ Rome Mixing.” 
CANADA UNLEACHED 
HARDWOOD _ _ __ _ _ 
For prices address THOS. POTTS, Brantford, Ont. 
Rl APY RFRRIF Q—Ancient Briton, the hardiest 
DLHUlVDLnniCO of all, 85 cents per 100, and 85 
per 1,000. Marlboro Raspberry the same prices. 
SPARTA NURSERIES, Sparta, Wls. 
Raspberry Plants Cheap.— All the 
money-makers. Write for prices. O. W. BUNDY, 
White Rose Fruit Farm, Colerain, Ohio. 
Mil I FR Red Ra s- $3 50; Lucretia Dewberry, 83.75; 
"ULLLn Kansas B Kas.,85 Strawberries, 81.15 per 
1.000 and up. Maule's KlondykeCorn.Slbu. Cow Peas, 
Soja Beans, etc. List free. E. G. Packard, Dover, Del 
W THAT BEAR FRUIT (TRUE TO NAME) 
A II Vl >1 TTQ hann Innmn/t.A^ . _ n l. ~ _ 1_, .... .. , it . 
BLACK 
DEW 
All have been inspected; no heeled-in stock. Beder 
Wood, Crescent, Lovett, Michel’s Early, Warlleld, 
81.25 per M. Barton’s Brandywine, Bismarck, Gandy, 
Uaverland, Tennessee Prolific, 81.75 Bubach, Clyde, 
Parker Eerie, Mayflower, Jessie, Wilson, 82. Cumber- 
land, Wm. Belt. Glen Mary, Marshall, Sharpless, 
Woolverton, Windsor Chief, $2.50. Mary. Manwell, 
Excelsior. Nick Ohmer, Seaford, etc Cuthbert. Han- 
sell, Brandywine, Turner, Tnompson, $3. Lucretia 
Dewberry, $5. 100 varieties. Name your wants. 
WM. C. BABCOCK, Bridgmau, Mich. 
PLANTS 
AND 
CRAPE 
VINES 
WE SAVE FARMERS 40 PER CENT . FE°RriuZERS I 
We sell you direct—Actually pay you salesman’s expenses and agent’s profit. Write for 
free sample and book. THE SCIENTIFIC FERTILIZER CO., PITTSBURG, PA. 
JADOO FIBRE *»■> 
JADOO LIQUID 
ARE INVALUABLE TO THE GROWERS OF 
Vegetables, Fruit, Plants ®r Flowers 
SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND FRIGES. 
For Sale by all prominent Seedsmen, and by 
THE AMERICAN JADOO COMPANY, 
815 Fairmount Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 
