1899 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
283 
Bordeaux Mixture in a Tin Cup. 
M R W., Bath, N. Y .—There is now on the 
market a small tin sprayer, “vapor sprayer’’ 
sometimes called, holding about a quart. It is 
sold at the hardware stores, for 50 cents, and 
works well in putting Paris-green on potatoes, 
requiring only a pailful of water to go as far as 
a barrelful would go applied with a sprinkling 
pot, or spray pump. I have never used Bordeaux 
Mixture on potatoes, because, having no spray 
pump, it seemed like so big a job drawing so 
much water and applying it with a sprinkling 
pot. Can the Bordeaux Mixture be used in this 
small “vapor sprayer” by mixing it enough 
stronger to make up for the smaller amount of 
water required ? 
Ans —Last year one of the small vapor 
sprayers was used here at the Cornell 
Experiment Station for spraying pota¬ 
toes. Paris-green was used in it as strong 
as four to six ounces of the poison to the 
quart of water contained in the sprayer ; 
this very strong mixture did not injure 
the vines in the least. It would seem 
that this was using the poison unneces¬ 
sarily strong; probably one or two 
ounces of the poison would kill the bugs 
just as surely. Bordeaux Mixture was 
also used in the little vapor sprayer. The 
Bordeaux was made more than twice as 
strong as one would apply it to fruit 
trees, that is, at least six pounds of the 
sulphate of copper were used in about 20 
gallons of water, and even stronger, with¬ 
out injury to the vines. As the spray 
from one of these vapor sprayers is so 
very fine, the quart of mixture it con¬ 
tains will go a good way on an acre of 
potatoes. It was the experience here, 
however, that the sprayer was hardly 
equal to the task of spraying the vines 
when they got half or two-thirds grown. 
The sprayer was used only when the 
vines were very small, soon after they 
had come up. It thus seems to be per¬ 
fectly feasible to use Paris-green or Bor¬ 
deaux Mixture much stronger in these 
little vapor sprayers than in ordinary 
spraying apparatus. These little ma¬ 
chines are exceedingly useful tools in 
almost any business having to do with 
the growing of plants. They are also 
very handy in applying insecticides to 
cattle or other stock infested with lice. 
The housewife will find them very use¬ 
ful among her house plants in fighting 
red spider, plant lice, etc. 
M. V. SLINGEBLA.ND. 
Pruning Red Cedars; Grapes. 
II. F. L., Beloit, Kan.—\. What is the best time 
to shear, and prune Red cedar? 2. Will you 
name a few of the best strawberries for hill cul¬ 
ture? 3. Will you name two or three black 
grapes, as hardy and productive as Concord, 
that are earlier than Worden. Also a red one as 
good as Delaware, a strong grower, productive 
and hardy, and two best white grapes ? 
Ans. —1. The best time is in August. 
The trees may be pruned now, but this 
would interfere with the Spring growth 
more than Summer pruning. 2. Gener¬ 
ally speaking, those varieties that do 
not make runners freely will thrive best 
under hill culture. Parker Earle, Jewell, 
Marshall, Bubach, Sharpless, are of this 
kind. 3. The earliest black grape as 
grown at the Rural Grounds is the Early 
Ohio, which is, however, of rather poor 
quality, and of only medium size. Moore’s 
Early, excepting Campbell’s, would be 
our next choice. Campbell’s Early is, at 
present, very high to be sure. Mr. 
Josselyn, the introducer, charges 75 cents 
each, or $6 for 10 vines. Those mentioned 
are earlier than Worden. Brighton is 
superior to the Delaware in size, and 
fully its equal in quality. We would also 
recommend Ulster Prolific. We would 
mention Diamond, Green Mountain and 
Lady for white grapes. 
Scurfy Bark Louse on Apple. 
1) 0. S , Goldwood, Ohio—l inclose a section of 
apple limb, which is covered with something 
which we are afraid may be the San Jose scale. 
It is from an old orchard that has been set more 
than 30 years. What is it, and what can be done 
for it ? 
Ans. —The apple branch was badly in¬ 
fested with the common Scurfy Bark 
louse (Chionaspis furfurus). This is one 
of our most common scale-insects in the 
East, and while it rarely kills trees, it 
often seriously weakens them. The in¬ 
sects pass the Winter as minute purplish 
eggs under the scales. These eggs will 
hatch into purplish lice about June 1. 
These young lice are very tender and 
easily killed. The insect can be con¬ 
trolled by spraying about June 1, thor¬ 
oughly, with whale-oil soap at the rate 
of one pound in five or six gallons of 
water. If the tree is badly infested, it 
may be necessary to repeat the applica¬ 
tion later. The eggs can be killed under 
the scales in the Winter by a thorough 
application of whale-oil soap at the rate 
of one pound in two or three gallons of 
water. M. v. s. 
Poultry Litter as Fertilizer. 
J. A. W., Johnstown, Pa —Last Fall, I covered 
one of my henhouse floors with fine, dry and clean 
road sand about six inches thick. In this the 
hens wallowed and dusted themselves, thus thor¬ 
oughly mixing it. It is now rich in the following: 
lime, droppings, some oyster shells and crushed 
bone. In the other house, we have the same mix¬ 
ture, except that we put coal ashes on the floor 
instead of sand. I am positive that it will make a 
rich fertilizer. My principal crops will be potatoes 
and corn, but I shall have a general line of gar¬ 
den truck. How and on what crops shall I apply 
this fertilizer ? Would you advise this mixture 
to put around raspberry and currant stocks and 
strawberry plants ? C in I Improve this mixture 
for my use by mixing some other fertilizer with 
it ? If so, what ? 
Ans —Our judgment is that you will 
be disappointed when you come to use 
this mixture. We do not know how 
many hens you keep, but with so much 
of the road sand or coal ashes, we doubt 
whether the mixture will be worth 
twice as much as good horse manure. If 
there is a good deal of lime in it, we 
would not use it on potatoes. It ought 
to make a good dressing for fruits of all 
kinds, or for corn. We would use it 
broadcast to be rakfd or harrowed in. 
We cannot advise definitely what chemi¬ 
cals should go with it, but the chances 
are that, for every 100 pounds of the 
mixture, you could well afford to use 30 
pounds of dissolved phosphate rock, 15 
pounds of muriate of potash, and 10 
pounds of nitrate of soda. If you have 
ground bone, you could use 25 pounds of 
the bone and 10 pounds each of muriate 
of potash and nitrate of soda. 
Horse Flesh as Human Food. 
E. C. A., Aberdeen, S. B .—To what extent is 
horse flesh used in the European countries for 
human consumption ? How does it compare 
with meats of other domestic animals in nutri¬ 
tive value ? 
Ans. —On the basis of the composition, 
there is little difference between horse 
flesh and beef. Horse flesh has the follow¬ 
ing composition: Water, 74 27 per cent; 
protein, 21.71; fat, 2 55 ; nitrogen-free ex¬ 
tract, 0.46; ash, 1.01. Round steak has 
the following composition: Water, 47.2 
per cent; protein, 14.0 ; fat, 5.8 ; ash, 0.9. 
In appearance, horse flesh differs from 
beef in being a darker red. The per 
cent of water varies considerably in 
meats of various sorts, and taking into 
account the range in composition, the 
two sorts of flesh are very similar. 
Prof. Esser, of Gottingen, is authority 
for the statement that, when persons are 
blindfolded, they cannot tell the differ¬ 
ence by taste between boiled horse flesh 
ancLbeef, or the soups made from either. 
According to a German author, the 
Germanic races consumed horse flesh 
generally until it was forbidden as un¬ 
clean by Pope Gregory III. His suc¬ 
cessor, Pope Zaccharius, continued the 
crusade against horse flesh, and it finally 
came to be regarded with aversion by 
the people. In Asia, however, the papal 
order had no effect, and horse flesh has 
been and is to-day eaten in great quanti¬ 
ties. 
The first widespread use of horse flesh 
in modern times was in Copenhagen in 
1807. In 1816-17, owing to the scarcity 
of provisions, it was consumed in great 
quantities in Germany and Switzerland. 
Mb. L. E. Stevens, of Piermont, N. H., 
used Bowker’s Stockbridge Corn Manure, 
450 pounds per acre, and harvested 80 
bushels per acre from his five-acre lot 
without any other dressing whatever. 
Mr. Stevens says he has previously used 
several brands of fertilizers, but Bow¬ 
ker’s Stockbridge has always given him 
the best results.— Adv. 
At the present time, it is eaten in Euro¬ 
pean countries in large amounts. We 
cannot give complete statistics on the 
subject. 
From April, 1893, to April of the fol¬ 
lowing year, 58,306 horses were slaugh¬ 
tered for food in Prussia; in 1893, 1,159 
in West Prussia, 963 in Brandenburg, 
10,791 in Pomerania, 4,560 in the Rhine 
Provinces, 6,265 in Saxony. In 1891, 21 ,- 
231 horses were slaughtered for food in 
Paris, and in addition, 275 asses and 61 
mules. Large quantities of horse flesh 
are consumed as sausage in Europe. 
It is often urged in objection to con¬ 
suming horse flesh that only old, worn- 
out horses are slaughtered for food. The 
testimony of investigators is that horse 
flesh is wholesome, and that eating it is 
simply a matter of custom. 
We can give no statistics on the con¬ 
sumption of horse flesh in America 
Doubtless, the amount consumed under 
its own name is small. We have no statis¬ 
tics which would indicate that it is sold 
under any other name, james wilson. 
United States Secretary of Agriculture 
"One Swallow Does 
Not Make a Spring ." 
Myriads of birds welcome bright Spring 
days. They teach us a lesson, to set our 
human house in order by thoroughly cleans¬ 
ing our blood, making it new, pure and 
bright. To do this, take Hood’s Sarsapa¬ 
rilla, America’s greatest Spring Medicine. 
,7 (QXJtl -J ^ 
Farm Wagon for only S19.95. 
In order to introduce their Low Metal Wheels 
with Wide Tires, the Empire Manufacturing 
Company, Quincy, Ill., have placed upon the 
market a Farmer’s Handy Wagon, sold at the 
low price of 119.95. The wagon is only 25 inches 
high, fitted with 24 and 30-inch wheels with 4-inch 
tire. 
This wagon is made of best material throughout, 
and really costs but a trifle more than a set of 
new wheels and fully guaranteed for one year. 
Catalogue giving a full description will be mailed 
upon application by the Empire Manufacturing 
Company, Quincy, Ill., who also will furnish 
metal wheels at low prices made any size and 
width of tire to fit any axle. 
THE BEST WAY 
to make money is to save it- We can save 
you money on everything in the vehicle line. 
We make a full line ot Surries, Buggies, 
l’hact oiik, Spring Wagons, Road Wagons. 
WE SELL DIRECT TO YOU 
From Our Factory 
At Wholesale Prices. _ 
We have Surries at $51.00; Top Buggies, $35.00; 
Spring Wagons, $37.60; Road Wagons, $25.00. 
Excellent Quality Guaranteed. 
We Make Every Vehicle We Advertise. 
We fully guarantee every vehicle we make from 
the lowest priced up. GOOD GOODS always. 
An excellent harness as low as $4.80. Large 
Illustrated catalogue FREE. All prices marked 
in plain figures. Address, 
EDWARD W. WALKER CARRIAGE CO. 
13Etghth St. (iOSlIEN, LNDIAJiA. 
FRAZER 
AXL£ 
BEST IN THE WORLD. 
Ita wearing qualities are unsurpassed; actually 
outlasting three boxes of any other brand. Not 
affected by beat. tw~ GET THE GENUINE. 
FOB SALE BT DEALERS GENERALLY. 
BUY THE BEST. 
If you want the best low-down wagon you 
should buy the Electric Handy Wagon. It is the 
best because it is made of the best material; the 
best broad tired Electric Wheels; best seasoned 
white hickory axles; all other wood parts of the 
best seasoned white oak. The front and rear 
hounds are made from the best angle steel, whleh 
is neater, stronger and in every way better than 
wood. Well painted in red and varnished. Extra 
length of reach and extra long standards sup¬ 
plied without additional cost when requested. 
This wagon is guaranteed to carry 4,000 pounds 
anywhere. Write the Electric Wheel Co., Box 88, 
Quincy, Illinois, for their new catalogue which 
fully describes this wagon, their famous Electric 
Wheels and Electric Feed Cookers. 
L ARGEST manu¬ 
facturers of the 
best steel wheels 
for farm wagons in 
America. Any size, 
straight and staggard 
spokes, any width tire. 
The head of 
spoke in the 
groove can't 
wear off. 
Make best 
Handy Steel Wagons. 
All steel, and wood. 
Four different kinds. 
SEND FOR CATALOGUE 
Havana Metal Wheel Co. 
Havana, III. 
L0AUE3 
AGENTS WANTED 
For Economy Har¬ 
ness Kiveter CHp 
Neatest, Best 3UU. 
Cheapest, and hand¬ 
iest, can be used In any 
position. Mends any¬ 
thing where a well- 
clinched rivet will serve 
the purpose. Our agents make from $5 
to $10 per day. “It's the best seller I 
ever handled” they all say. Pend 50c. 
(In 2c. stamps) for sample, loaded (with 50 assorted 
rivets) and terms to agents. FOOTE ECONOMY CO 
204 South Main Street, Frederlcktown, O. 
O -! 
s i 
Can we Save 
You Money 
on a saddle, harness 
or vehicle? 
Because we have no agents. 
Can we really doit? WesttyyeK. Can we prove It without 
cost to you? We can. How? We will ship you a harness, sad¬ 
dle, or vehicle, without you sending a single cent, aud let you look 
It over at your freight house and if you don't find we have given 
you the blggeHt bargain you ever saw or heard of return the 
roods to us at our expense. We give with each vehicle a 
»-years Iron-clad guarantee protecting you against poor 
material and workmanship, Our vehicle catalogue describes the 
largest line of buggies, road wagons, phaetons, surries, 
spring and farm wagons, earts, harnesses and sad¬ 
dles ever shown ip one book. It’s free. Bend for It. 
Marvin Smith Co. 55-59 N. Jefferson St. X 16 Chicago- U!. 
Do you Want Harness of any Hind? 
If so, we can save you money. We sell direct to the consumer from our factory. We make 100 
styles of single and double harness, each the best of its kind—all oak leather. Send 4<; in stamps 
to pay postage aud get our HiLpage catalogue. KING HARNESS CO. 115 Church St., Owego, N. Y. 
This Double Buggy Harness, 
$20, as good as sells for $30. 
WE HAVE 
NO AGENTS, 
but have sold to the user 
direct at factory prices for 
the past twenty-six years. 
We ship anywhere for ex¬ 
amination. Everything 
Fully Warranted. We 
are the largest manufac¬ 
turers of vehicles and har¬ 
ness in the world selling 
to the consumer exclusively. Our line consists of 
Rockawavs, Surreys, Traps, Phaetons, Stanhopes, 
_ _ „ evs, _-, 
Driving Wagons, Top Buggies, Open and Top Road 
Wagons, Spring Wagons, Delivery Wagons, Milk 
Wagons. Wagonettes and all styles of Huruess. 
S end for Targe Free Catalogue. 
ELKHART 
Carriage and Harness iVlanfg. Co., 
W. B. 1’katt, Secy. ELKIIART, INDIANA. 
This Extension-Top Surrey with 
double fenders, complete with side 
curtains, aprons, lamps, and polo or 
shufts, for $72. 
J ust us good as retails for $110. 
