THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
April 22 
3co 
Farmers’ Club. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the 
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CLOSER WITH OATS AND PEAS. 
LATE SEEDING FOR CLOVER. 
Have you ever had any experience in sowing 
clover seed in the Spring with oats and peas? 
This crop is getting to be a favorite one with 
dairymen, and many of them want to know 
whether it is possible to start the clover properly 
with these crops. Our own experience is against 
the practice, but we should be pleased to know 
what you think about it; also, whether you have 
had any experience in sowing clover late in the 
season, say late in June and July. By sowing it 
at a favorable time, and clipping off the weeds 
once or twice, weth'nV that farmers could obtain 
a fair catch of clover. 
Not a Success —We liave bad no ex¬ 
perience in sowing clover seed in the 
Spring with oats and peas. I fear that 
the oats and peas will form such a dense 
shade, and so completely extract the 
moisture from the ground in ordinary 
seasons, that the minute clover plants 
will have no reasonable opportunity for 
thriving We have not tried sowing 
clover late in the season, but we have 
sown it on several occasions at the 
usual time in the Spring upon well-pre¬ 
pared ground, without any nurse crop, 
and had a good catch and a fair crop for 
the second cutting. Where weeds spring 
up very thickly, this practice will not 
do ; otherwise it is one of the best. As 
there are always some weeds to annoy, 
the mower must be frequently run over 
the field with the cutter-bar set high. 
The weed tops cut off form a mulch, and 
help the crop rather than injure it, and 
so do not work much ha r m unless they 
are numerous. w. A henry. 
Wisconsin Experiment Station. 
Clover in The Corn —I have had 
some experience in sowing clover with 
oats and peas in the Spring, and with 
very poor success. Sometimes clover 
will do very well sown at a favorable 
time in June or July, but not as a usual 
thing, as we usually have too much dry 
weather in July and August. I have 
seen a good stand secured by sowing in 
corn after the last cultivation, and this 
is my favorite way of seeding, if the 
corn is to be cut in the Fall, as is the 
practice in the East. The corn protects 
the young plants from the hot sun, and 
unless the Summer is very dry, a good 
stand can usually be obtained in this 
wav on fairly rich ground. Another ad¬ 
vantage in this method is the getting of 
a crop from the land each year. If 
clover were to be sown alone in the Sum¬ 
mer, I think it would do better with ui 
to be sown later than July, but that 
will vary with the season, w. j. eraser 
Illinois Experiment Station. 
Late Clover Sowing. —There has been 
some attempt to get a catch of clover 
with oats and peas, but nothing more 
than an attempt, as the clover smothers 
out in the dense growth of the combined 
crop. The peas have the habit of falling 
down on to the clover, which is fatal. 
As to midsummer seeding of clover 
alone, we have had some fine results, 
and like tbe plan, when it comes so that 
it is possible to have an open field at 
that time of year. We prepare the 
ground as finely as for wheat, and then 
watch for a chance to sow right after a 
good rain, and harrow the seed in with 
either a weeder or a light harrow, so as 
to get it down into soil that will hold 
moisture. I like the plan of giving the 
soil a thorough rolling preceding the 
sowing. Then sow and harrow lightly, 
and it is a great aid in conserving mois¬ 
ture, on which a good deal depends in 
securing a catch. As soon as the clover 
is well up and the weeds have started, 
run over the lot with a mowing-machine 
to clip these weeds and head them back, 
and give the clover an open chance. 
When the clover is a few inches high, 
select a time after a rain and clip the 
lot again. This is about a settler on any 
weeds, at that time of the year, and 
cutting the clover thickens it by making 
it throw out new sets of roots, form 
larger crowns, and tbe mulch is of great 
value in protecting the surface ; but it 
gives an increased chance for nitrifica¬ 
tion to go on in the surface soil. If the 
growth gets very heavy, it is not a bad 
plan to clip it rather high in midautumn, 
though this is hardly neces'ary. 
Ohio. JOBN GOULD 
THE COST OF A PEACH ORCHARD. 
What will it cost per acre to plant and care 
for 100 acres set to peaches, plums and pears, 
for four or five years? The soil is the red and 
gray sandy loam of northern Alabama. Labor 
co'ts, on an average, $1 per day. o. c. B 
Grand Haven, Mich. 
A Georgia Estimate. 
T would make this estimate : 
P-eDa>-ation of land, per acre.$t ?0 
Planting of trees, ner acre. 3 00 
Cultivation (six or seven times), per year, 
per acre. 2 00 
Pruning, second year, per acre.25 
Pruning, third year, per acre.40 
Pruning, fourth year, per acre. 1.00 
Pruning, fifth year, per acre. 1.25 
These estimates are, of course, only ap¬ 
proximate. I have assumed labor at $1 
per day. I have, also, assumed that the 
ground is ready for the plow in the prep¬ 
aration of the land for the orchard, and 
the use of modern farm implements in 
tbe preparation and subsequent cultiva¬ 
tion. In the preparation of the land, al¬ 
lowance was made for subsoiling and 
harrowing. A l quaintance. 
Georgia Experiment Station. 
Economizing on Digging Holes 
The question of expense should be 
limited to two years, as after that time, 
the peaches and plums should pay all 
expenses, and leave some profit. A lib¬ 
eral estimate for expenses the first year, 
would be, on the supposition that equal 
numbers of each were planted : 
5 000 peach trees at 825 per thousand.$125 
5 0C0 plum trees at $25 per thousand. 125 
5 000 pear trees at $100 per thousand. 500 
Digging holes and planting 15,000 trees at 2*4 
cents.... 375 
Total.$1,125 
Peas planted ought to pay for cultiva¬ 
tion the first year. 
Total expenditure first year other than 
plowing land properly.$1,125 
Very little pruning is needed the first year; 
59 cents per acre would be ample. 50 
Total cost first year.$1,175 
J. H. Hale’s Estimate. 
Of course, something depends upon the 
character of the soil, whether it is level 
and all in one block, or rough ground ; 
but roughly stated, it would take about 
16,000 trees for such a block, and assum¬ 
ing that one-half are peach and the other 
half equally divided between plum and 
pear trees, they will cost about 81,000 
To plow and plant the land will cost 
8500, for fertilizers 8500, sufficient tools 
to cultivate properly, 8500, and the first 
year's cultivation 8250, making a total 
cost of the first year’s start and cultiva¬ 
tion of 82,750. For the four years follow¬ 
ing. allow for annual culture 8500, prun¬ 
ing 8100, fertilizers 8500, tools and re¬ 
pairs 8100 ; 81,200 per year for four years 
84,800, or 87.500 for five years. Then 
allow for superintendence and incident al 
expenses, that are always liable to creep 
in, and somewhere from 88,000 to 810 000 
will be the actual cash outlay required to 
bring such an orchard up to the bearing 
age of five years. The figures I have 
given, while not absolutely definite in 
any particular, in a general way, give the 
facts, and are based on my own figures 
in establishing orchards in Georgia at 
different times during the past 10 years 
These expenses can be curtailed some 
what, and result in a poorer orchard, o> 
by spending a little more money, prob¬ 
ably the orchard will be enough better 
to pay for it. A block of about 100 aerf s 
orchard here in Connecticut, started 
three years ago, i6 costing me rather 
more than this. j h. hale. 
Manurial Values of Grain. 
J ]{■ T , New York City .—What la the compara¬ 
tive difference in fertilizing value, between corn 
meal, b-an, and cotton-seed meal ? 
Ans —The following table gives a fair 
comparison : 
TOUNDS IN ONE TON. 
Nitrogen. Potash. Phos acid 
Corn meal. 32 4 5 
Wheat bran. 45 31 54 
Cotton-seed meal 120 34 32 
Wheat braa is the richest of our foods in 
the phosphate or bone forming materials 
It also contains a fair amount of potash. 
I*i is one of the best grains for feeding to 
young stock, milch cows and working 
animals. 
B 
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PARMAN No. 3 <fcQ.OO 
SEED POTATOES. <4/ bbl 
Sir Walter Raleigh and Karly Bovee $4.00 per bbl., all 
bbls. 4 bu. Dewey, the great cropper, tuber, 10 ct«. 
Wholesale list free. GKO. A. BONNKLL.Waterloo, N. V 
ADMIRAL DEWEY POTATO. 
Best this season. Sworn statement yield ng at rate 
of 977 bu acre. 75c. T' lb.; s lbs.. $2. Send for circular 
and testimonials. C. M. Robinson Manorville, N. Y. 
Q —Japanese Barnyard Millet 
* Ol Odlv Seed. Address 
Pkof. Wm. P. Brooks. Mass. Agr.Col., Amherst, Mass 
Cow Peas 
—Early Black, $1 bushel. 
O. O. GWATUMKY, Aylett, Va 
Offered —Soy Beans, acclimated seed. 
ANSON H1NKLKY, Du Bois, III. 
Second year, provided trees were 
planted in Fall, as they should be in 
Alabama, pruning and attention should 
not be over 75 cents per acre, while if 
land is planted to peas or sweet pota¬ 
toes, the crop should pay for attention 
and cultivation Further, the second 
Summer here, and I suppose in northern 
Alabama, also, the peaches and plums 
should be bearing fruit sufficient not 
only to cover all expense, but bring in 
some profit. The third year, peaches 
and plums should be yielding handsome 
crops and profits, provided cold did not 
kill the fruit buds. 
To plow and fit the land for the trees 
should not cost more than 81 per acre. 
In the above figures, I think I have 
made a liberal estimate, as I know of 
pear trees which have been secured at 
880 per 1,000 His figure of 81 per day 
for labor is excessive, as with the excep¬ 
tion of manager in charge, he should se¬ 
cure all labor he wishes at 60 to 75 cents 
per day, and good labor, too I really 
believe that my first years’ figures could 
be reduced 10 per cent if the man is a good 
manager. If the planter would prune 
the roots closely after the Stringfellow 
method, no digging of holes would be 
necessary, and that expense would be 
reduced at least 8200. Any one who 
will read the proceedings of the Geor¬ 
gia Horticultural Society held in Ameri- 
cus last August, and read the report of 
the Georgia Experiment Station sincj 
that date, will not waste time or money 
digging holes to plant trees, but prune 
roots and plant in holes made with spade 
or large dibble. In planting root-pruned 
trees, one point should b* bornein mind, 
and that is to prune the roots personally 
and only when planting , so that they go 
into the ground with fresh-cut surfaces. 
Georgia, A. w. smith. 
Renter's Share of Grape Crop. 
S.J., Burlington, la .—What share 0 / the crop 
would the renter have on an acre of grapes, the 
renter doing all the work, pruning, resetting 
stakes, tying up the vines twice, cultivating 
three times, furnishing baskets, picking, mar¬ 
keting and retailing the grapes in the city ? The 
proprietor is to furnish vineyard and stakes. 
Ans. —It will cost from 825 to 835 to 
Oq You Want 
of the merits 
of our 
HAND 
Cultivator 
Well we hare hundreds of letters juai as 
good as this. 
Gentlemen: The Cultivator came to hand a 
few days ago and I am delighted with it 
. H. T. Cunningham.C arrollton. Mis*, 
for sample delivered. Agents wanteH. 
MFC. CO., 20 Ilivcr St., Rock Fall*. 111. 
cultivate and care for an acre of grapes 
during the season, and market the crop 
Baskets will cost 825 more. This brings 
the expenses to 850 or 860. A fair yield 
of such varieties as Concord or Worden 
is about four tons ; these, at four cents 
a pound, would bring 8320. One-third 
of this would cover the expense of man¬ 
agement, and leave about 850 besides 
which could be credited to skill. The 
remaining 8200 would certainly recom¬ 
pense the owner. I should say, there¬ 
fore, that one-third of the crop would 
be a fare shar 3 in the above case. 
FREDERIC CRANE FIELD. 
Big Crops 
of Big Potatoes 
result from applying about 100 lbs of 
Nitrate of Soda 
per acre just after the potatoes are 
well up. Then, too, the potatoes are 
smoother and more salable. Insures 
a profitable crop. Our books tell 
about its use on potatoes and the 
profits produced. Send for free copies 
before you plant to John A. Myers, 
12-0 John St., New York. Nitrate 
for sale by 
BALFOUR, WILLIAMSON & CO. 
27 William St., New York. 
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HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Phila., P«. 
A grower writes : ‘ ‘ My beets were also a great success in 
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