326 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
April 29 
SUB-EARTH DUCTS FOR COOLING. 
Last week, Prof. F. H. King, of Wis-' 
consin, gave us some very interesting 
facts about the cooling qualities of the 
soil. We often used to wonder why it 
was that well water was cold, while the 
interior of the earth seemed to he in¬ 
tensely hot. Prof. King fully explains 
this matter, and in Bulletin No. 70 of 
the Wisconsin Experiment Station, he 
shows how the cheesemakers of Wiscon¬ 
sin make use of the cold part of the soil 
in cheesemaking. The object is to pre¬ 
pare a cooling room where the cheese 
can he kept at a fairly low and even tem¬ 
perature without the great expense of 
ice or artificial cooling. 
The plan is, in brief, to force air 
through the ground at a depth of 12 or 
the picture, the well being thoroughly 
covered so that the air cannot escape 
through the top. The air is forced down 
near the cold water, and up again 
through the pipe B into the cooling- 
room. Prof. King, in his bulletin, gives 
an account of a number of such devices, 
and gives some very interesting conclu¬ 
sions as a result of his investigation. 
This system of sub-earth ducts seems to 
be a popular one in Wisconsin, and where 
properly handled, it seems to be a valu¬ 
able and economical way of reducing 
the temperature. In some cases, the 
temperature of the cooling-room is re¬ 
duced from 8 to 12 degrees by the use of 
this duct. 
BEEF CATTLE ON DAIRY FARMS. 
15 feet, so that it will be thoroughly 
cooled in passing through the pipes. 
Briefly described, the two pictures shown 
at Figs. 132 and 133 show how this plan is 
operated. The long tube shown at Fig. 
132 carries at its top a wide opening, F, 
and a wind vane, G. The wind vane acts 
with the wind so as to hold the opening, 
F, constantly against it. A shows the 
inlet to the cooling room ; B is the end of 
the duct or air pipes, and is a bricked-up 
hole below the curing room. C shows 
the cross-section, showing how a num¬ 
ber of pipes are used to carry the air. 
E is the bricked-up entrance under the 
funnel ; F is the funnel with a mouth 36 
COOLING THROUGH THE WELL. Fie. 133. 
inches wide ; J is the cooling room, and 
H I the ventilator for letting out the air. 
In this case, the air is carried about 
100 feet under ground, but in some cases, 
it is not convenient to carry the air so 
far. In such places, the device shown at 
Fig. 133 is used. A deep well is dug 
close to the cheese factory. In the case 
illustrated, this well is 64 feet deep. 
Tne pipe through which the air enters 
is 10 inches in diameter, and reaches 
just about to the top of the factory. It 
comes down into the well as is shown in 
Not long ago, reports came from 
Buffalo that an extensive cattle business 
is carried on in Cattaraugus, Allegany 
and Chautauqua Counties, N. Y. It was 
stated that land had so depreciated in 
value that thousands of acres are being 
sold at from $7 to $10 an acre, taken out 
of cultivation, and devoted entirely to 
pasturing fat cattle, and that the cattle 
were bought in Buffalo and sent to these 
farms to feed through the Summer, and 
be sold at the beginning of Winter. Ke- 
ports indicated that this practice is be 
coming so common that it is only a ques¬ 
tion of time before practically all the 
back farms in these counties would be 
given up to this ranch system of beef 
making. We have written to a large 
number of farmers located in these 
counties, but most of them deny that 
any such general business is on foot 
The following note gives, probably, the 
fairest statement of the case : 
“ There is a stock dealer who was born 
and did business here till about 15 years 
ago, when he removed to Buffalo and 
there became interested in the cattle 
business in the Union Stockyards. There 
he soon became rich, and now he has 
bought two farms here, one of 160, and 
one of 100 acres at $30 per acre. The 
farms are about one-half mile apart 
They are all pasture now, but formerly 
were occupied by dairy farmers, and 
have fairly good buildings. 
“ To these farms, he now brings cattle 
from Buffalo to fatten ; these cattle are 
the culls and rejects of the yards. Most 
of them are too young, many of them 
are too poor to be of any use for beef. 
He gets them at a small price, and brings 
them here at any time of year. In Win¬ 
ter, he hires a man to take care of them, 
buys hay here which is cheap—$4 to $5 
per ton. Grain is sent from Buffalo to 
feed them, and in Summer, he keeps 
them on pasture until fat, then returns 
them to Buffalo at a fair profit on his 
investment. He has about 60 here now. 
“ This is the only case I know of in 
this part of the State where land is en¬ 
tirely used for fattening beef cattle. 
This is an extensive dairy country. Land 
is not so very low in price—from $30 to 
$40 per acre, about one-third lower than 
15 years ago.” p k. 
Wyoming County, N. Y. 
PRICE OF FEEDS. 
City bran, per ton. 
Spring bran, 200-lb sacks, per ton... 
Spring bran to arrive. 
Middlings, as to quality, per ton. 
Sharps, per ton. 
Red dog, per ton. 
Linseed oil meal, to arrive and spot 
Cake. 
Cotton-seed meal. 
Brewers’ meal and grits, per 100 lbs. 
Hominy chops. 
Coarse meal, western. 
.10 50 @17 00 
.10 75 @17 00 
.15 50 @16 00 
.15 25 @18 00 
.17 50 @18 50 
.17 00 @17 25 
24 00 @ — 
.23 00 @ — 
,21 00 @ — 
1 05 @ 1 15 
75 @ 80 
83 @ 87 
MILK AND CREAM. 
The total daily average supply last week was 25.033 
cans of milk, 170 cans of condensed milk and 685 cans 
of cream. The Milk Exchange price since April 1 has 
been 2)4 cents a quart net to the shipper. 
Thirty years ago a physician told me I would soon 
die of consumption. I was troubled with constant 
coughing. Twenty years ago I commenced to use 
Jayne’s Expectorant, and whenever troubled with 
colds and hoarseness have used it freely ever since. 
It has never failed to bring relief.—(Rev.) I. N. WIL¬ 
LI AMS, Tarentum. Allegheny County, Pa., January 
10,1892. 
For sick headache take Jayne's Painless Sanative 
Pills.— Adv. 
innHaHBaiHaaaHi 
Horae Owners Should. Use 
GOMBATJLT’S 
Caustic 
Balsam 
The Great French Veterinary Remedy. 
A SAFE, SPEEDY AND 
POSITIVE CURE. 
Prepared 
exclusive¬ 
ly by J. E. 
Gombault 
ex-Veteri- 
nary Sur¬ 
geon to the 
French 
Govern¬ 
ment Stud 
SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY OF FIRING 
Impossible to produce any scar or blemish. The 
safest best Blister ever used. Takes the place 
of all liniments for mild or severe action. Removea 
all Bunches or Blemishes from Horses or Cattle. 
As a HUMAN REMEDY for Rheumatism, 
Sprains, Sore Throat, Etc., it is invaluable. 
UfC PIIADAIITEX that one tablespoonful of 
lit UUAnflll I LL CAUSTIC BALSAM will 
produce more actual results than a whole bottle of 
any liniment or spavin cure mixture ever made. 
Every bottle of Caustic Balsam sold is Warran¬ 
ted to give satisfaction. Price $ 1.50 Per bottle. Sold 
by druggists, or sent by express, charges paid, with full 
directions for its use. Send for descriptive circulars, 
testimonials, etc. Address 
THE LAWRENOE-WILLIAMS CO., Cleveland, Ohio 
GUERNSEYS. 
225 purebred Guernseys of the best American 
and Island breeding. Butter average, whole 
herd, 318 pounds per head. No catalogue. Come 
and make your own selection. 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
RHINECLIFF, N. Y. 
JERSEYS. 
Most famous herd in the world. 224 First Prizes 
and Sweepstakes won. Championship milk records. 
Grandsons and granddaughters of Ida's Bioter of St. 
L., for sale. He leads every other bull in average 
weekly butter yield for 28 tested daughters, nearly 20 
pounds. No animal sold for less than $100. No cata¬ 
logue. Special literature sent if this paper men¬ 
tioned. Also for sale. Shropshire sheep and Children's 
ponies. MILLER & 8IBLEY, Franklin, Venango 
County, Pa. 
Registered Guernseys. 
8even cows ; four heifers springing ; three 13 
mos„ five 4 to 8 mos. Two bulls: One 1 mo., one 
6 mos. A. J. SNYDER, Plumsteadville, Pa. 
Registered Jersey Cattle 
For Milk and Butter. 
U. F. SHANNON, 907 Liberty St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
ST. LAMBERT and Combination. For sale 5 Cows. 
7 Heifers, 16 Bulls. S. K. NIVIN, Landenburg, Pa. 
25 gallon packet. 50 cents; 100 gallon, $2 If drug¬ 
gist cannot supply, send $1.75 for 100 gallon paclet to 
CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 
Cotton Exchange, Hanover Square, New York City. 
Cows barren 3 years 
MADE TO BREED. 
r£. k Moore Brothers, Albany, n. y. 
HUNTER TOOTHLESS CURRY COMB 
IS THE LATEST 
'and bethingof 
its kind. No teeth 
to scratch, lrrl- 
tate and Injure the skin. It’s a perfect 
shedder, and removes all dust, dand¬ 
ruff and dirt, making a smooth and 
glossy coat. Saves time, grooms ahorse 
in half the time. If your dealer doesn’t 
keep It, write us. Sample, 25c. prepaid. 
Farm Specialty Catalogue FKKE, 
HUNTER CURRY COMB CO., 197 Ann St., Racine, Wis. 
WILLSWOOD FARM 
CUERNSEY Bull Calves. 
BERKSHIRE Boars 
for service, and youngpigs. BUYEK8 can find choice 
selections at reasonable prices. 
WILLS A. SEWARD, Budd's Lake, N. J. 
BLOODED LIVE STOCK 
Shaop—Oxfords.Shropshires, South- 
downs. Fancy Poultry. Plga— 
Berkshires, Poland-Chinas, Chester 
Whites, Y orkshires. Catalogue free. 
H. L. HOLMES, Harrlaburg, Pa. 
P. Chinas, Berkshires 
Chester Whites. Choice 
Spring Pigs. 8 week old, mated 
not akin. Bred sows & service 
boars. Poultry. Write for hard 
times prices and free circular. 
Hamilton & Co., Cochranvllle, Chester County, Pa. 
POLAND 
CHINA... 
BREEDERS 
f can secure a sample pair of our 
1EH8B O.I.C. H °g s 
I ON TIME, and agency if they will 
write at once. * weighed 2S06 lbs. 
L. B. SILVER CO. 
185 Summit Street, Cleveland, Ohio. 
ONEY MONEYr"”* 
H VMVL. ■ mVIVLa ■ to get it 
is the theme of Gleanings in Bee Culture. A 
handsomely Illustrated Monthly Magazine devot¬ 
ed to Apiculture. Free sample, together with 
Book on Bee Supplies and Book on Bee Culture to 
all who mention this paper when writing. 
THE A. I. ROOT CO., - MEDINA, OHIO. 
“ A book which should be in the hands of every farmer, and should be read especially 
by the farmer's sons.” 
$2 Book for $1. $2 Book for $1. 
We have several hundred copies of Prof. CURTIS’S book, 
HORSES, CATTLE SHEEP AND SWINE, 
that have become slightly soiled on the edges from lying on an exposed shelf. We 
are going to close these out to subscribers only at $1 each, post-paid. The regular 
price is $2. This work is used as a text-book in almost all the agricultural colleges 
of the country. It is the standard work on live stock. It is superbly illustrated. 
Nearly 100 full-page engravings, after sketches from life by the best artists, 
representing nearly every breed of horses, cattle, sheep and swine at present 
known to American breeders and importers. 
The author has given fully the origin, history, improvement, description, char¬ 
acteristics, merits, objections, adaptability, etc., of each breed, with data regarding 
its registry association, scale of points, when used, and other matters of value to 
all who are interested in improved stock. The hints on selection, care and man¬ 
agement are supplemented by letters from well-known and successful breeders in 
different parts of the United States and Canada—each giving his actual methods 
of handling, breeding and feeding. 
A FEW OF THE MANY FAVORABLE COMMENTS: 
It just fills the place that is vacant in the store 
of knowledge of 99 out of 100 agriculturists.—J. 
Stewart McGehee (Bowling Green Farm), Wood- 
ville, Miss. 
Of all the wide range of stock books, either 
those treating of stock in general or some par¬ 
ticular kind of breed, the above named is by far 
the most carefully prepared, reliable and com¬ 
plete. It is evidently the work of a painstaking, 
thoroughly well informed and enthusiastic lover 
of fine stock, who has devoted his best days to 
the practice of what he preaches.—American 
Sheep Breeder, Chicago. 
Probably the most complete work published.— 
Orange Judd Farmer, Chicago. 
The more carefully I study it the more I find 
between its covers to value and commend.— 
Overton Lea, (Breeder of Sussex Cattle), Mount 
Eagle, Tenn. 
It is just what I want for use in my classes, 
and I can fully indorse the praise of it so fully 
expressed by others. I shall use it instead of 
lectures.—Prof. W. H. Bishop, Delaware Agricul¬ 
tural College. 
The chapter on “ Selection of the Horse for Speed,” is especially complete, the 
author having embodied therein a carefully prepared “ Study in Animal Physics.” 
Engravings, with explanatory text, have been especially prepared to serve in 
place of a glossary of technical terms in describing parts of each of the four differ¬ 
ent main divisions of domestic animals. In fact it is believed that nothing has 
been left undone which would tend to increase the usefulness of the new edition, 
or render it of greater value to the student of animal husbandry, whether in the 
class-room or on the farm. 
These slightly soiled copies will be reserved for regular subscribers, and notice 
will be given when they are exhausted. They, probably, will not last long. 
XHH BUBAL NEW-YOBKEB, New Yob*. 
