1899 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
34S 
Live Stock and Dairy 
HOLSTE/H-FR/ES/A H CATTLE. 
THE FAMOUS BLACK-AND WHITES 
Rich in Pedigree and Performance 
From Rich Pasturks —This breed is, 
undoubtedly, more than a century old in 
this country, though importations were 
not large enough to have any great ef¬ 
fect upon the dairy interests of the 
country until about 1861. In their orig¬ 
inal home in Holland, these cattle fo. med 
an important part of the wealth of the 
country. This land has been famous for 
its cattle and its dairy products for fully 
1,000 years. One historian, in speaking 
of Holland in the Seventeenth Century, 
said: 
“On that scrap of solid ground res¬ 
cued by human energy from the ocean, 
were the most fertile pastures in the 
world ; an ox often weighed 2,000 pounds, 
the cows produced two and three calves 
at a time, and the sheep four and five 
lambs. In a single village, 4,000 kine 
were counted. Butter and cheese were 
exported to the annual value of $1 000,- 
ords of some Holstein-Friesian cows in 
this country seem phenomenal. Records 
of 14,000, 15,000, 16,000 pounds and up¬ 
wards not much more than a score of 
years ago, excited great discussion. Then 
came the unprecedented records made by 
some of the cows in the herd of Smiths & 
Powell. In 1880, in 365 days, Aegis gave 
16 823% pounds, and Aaggie, 18,004 15-16 
pounds. Nearly all these large records 
had been made by imported cows, and it 
was questioned whether such cows could 
be produced in this country. 
Then came a two years’ test of the 
cow Echo, owned by F. C. Stevens, of 
Attica, N. Y. During the first year, she 
gave 18,120% pounds, and during the 
second, after a rest of 10 weeks, she pro¬ 
duced 23 775% pounds. These records 
were so unusual that they excited wide¬ 
spread interest and discussion, and many 
arguments were made to show the im¬ 
possibility of such records. Public con¬ 
fidence was shaken. 
Then Smiths & Powell started a year’s 
record of the cow Clothilde. They offered 
WHAT DAIRY CROPS? 
SHALL it be carbon or protein ? 
Ensilage or Crops That Save Gram ? 
What Is the truth about the varied advice 
given the eastern dairy farmer In regard to pro¬ 
ducing his cow food at home ? One set of ad¬ 
visers urge him to pay most attention to produc¬ 
ing the carbonaceous foods, as ensilage from 
corn. They would have him buy cheap protein 
in bran, gluten or cotton-seed meal. Another set 
tell him to grow cheap protein in the form of 
oats, peas, Alfalfa, cow peas, etc., and thus save 
grain. It is quite evident that the average 
farmer cannot do both successfully. Do you con¬ 
sider it possible greatly to reduce the grain bill 
by growing oats, peas and similar crops T Would 
you advise a dairy farmer to devote his energies 
to the production of ensilage corn, chiefly, or 
would you advise a considerable area in protein 
crops ? 
Ensilage Corn Rotation — Farmers 
should, by all means, raise Indian corn, 
because it gives a very large amount of 
nutritious, palatable food per acre; it 
has very few enemies, and when culti¬ 
vated, even with moderate skill, it pro¬ 
duces from three to four times as much 
cattle food as most other forage crops. 
Having the corn raised, it certainly 
would be unwise not to ensilage it. 
There should be a rotation incidentally, 
then some peas and oats should be raised 
in order to keep the land up to a high 
state of productivity. Clover should be 
used in the rotation, and we now have, 
SOME HOLSTEIN MATRONS FROM DELLHURST FARM. Fie. 139 
000, salted provisions to an incredible 
extent. The farmers were industrious, 
thriving and independent.” 
Thus the Holstein-Friesian shows it¬ 
self possessed of an ancient and honor¬ 
able lineage. 
Carefully Tended.— In Holland, the 
cattle are tended and fed in the most 
careful manner. The object is to pro¬ 
duce as much milk and beef as pos¬ 
sible from the same animal This two¬ 
fold object has been kept in view in 
selecting, breeding and feeding for ages, 
by the whole nation of farmers. The 
farmers have never tolerated in-and-in 
breeding. Thus has been developed whaf 
is, probably, the nearest approach to a 
general-purpose cow of any breed now 
in existence. 
In Holland, the system of dairying in¬ 
volves the utilization of every cattle 
product—milk, butter, cheese, veal and 
beef. The cows begin giving milk at 
two years of age, and at six or seven 
years of age, they go loaded with flesh 
to the butcher, at an age when their 
Hesh is of the best quality and brings 
highest prices. 
A herdbook of this breed is a modern 
innovation, yet the practical methods of 
selection by the Dutch have been so ef¬ 
fective that the wonderful records of 
this breed have been rendered possible. 
1'hey have a three-fold method of selec¬ 
tion. First, the sire ; second, the young 
calf, judged largely by the milking 
qualities of the dam ; third, the greatest 
of all tests, performance at the pail, and 
not till a cow answers this last satisfac¬ 
torily, is she accorded a permanent place 
in the dairy. 
Mountains of Milk. —The milk rec¬ 
to pay the expenses of prominent scien¬ 
tists to come and investigate this test. 
It was placed in charge of the Holstein- 
Friesian Advanced R?gistry, and official 
inspectors tested every detail fron time 
to time. The result was the production 
of 26,021% pounds of milk in a ye ar. The 
cow Pietertje 2nd, owned by Dallas B. 
Whipple, Cuba, N. Y., in 1888 completed a 
year’s record of 30,318% pounds These 
records seem almost incredible, yet there 
seems little ground to doubt their ac¬ 
curacy. 
Some of the bu'.ter records are very 
creditable, also, many exceeding three 
pounds per day, while Clothilde made a 
record of over four pounds. Although 
the miik of this breed does not test so 
high in butter fat as some others, the 
quantity certainly ought to satisfy al¬ 
most any breeder. 
At Fig. 139, are shown five cows from 
Dellhurst Farm, Mentor, O. Mr. H. B. 
Van Cleve. the owner, says that these 
are not tliar very best cows, but were 
selected because they were nearer fresh 
than some others. They are considered 
distinctly of the dairy type, and have 
very little surplus beef on them. Start¬ 
ing at the left, these have milked in 
their regular Winter dairy work, with¬ 
out forcing for any special test, as fol¬ 
lows: 53%, 60%, 66, 59 and 57 pounds. 
The efforts at this farm have been along 
the line of securing heavy milkers, and 
such as will test the highest in butter fat 
without being coarse, rough individuals. 
In New York State, no one save a licensed 
veterinarian has the right to dishorn a cow and 
receive pay for it. The best time to dishorn is 
said to be In the Fall when the cows go into the 
stable. 
as I think, the problem largely solved 
Corn ensilage, some clover hay with 
some oats and peas ; the main stress 
should be laid on the corn. This rota¬ 
tion and method of farming would not 
provide enough concentrated protein 
foods ; to correct this, a moderate amount 
of food, rich in protein, should be pur¬ 
chased. So this brings me to a direct 
answer to your question, Yes, under 
ordinary circumstances. The time is 
past when Timothy hay and that made 
from mixed grasses, which produce on 
the average but a little more than one 
ton per acre, can be raised and fed to 
dairy cows at a profit i. p. Roberts 
Ithaca, N. Y. 
Heed of Fertilizing Feeds 
Loss OF Plant Food —In dairy farm¬ 
ing there is a large annual waste of the 
plant foods, nitrogen, potash and phos¬ 
phoric acid, from the farm that, at least 
so far as the last two are concerned, 
must be restored from outside sources, 
or the farm must be impoverished by 
their loss. This is an important element 
to be considered in answering the query. 
Quoting from the Pennsylvania Experi¬ 
ment Station Report of 1898, we find the 
following estimates of value of these 
elements represented in the consumption 
of one 1,000-pound cow for one year. 
Nltro- Pot- Phos. 
gen. ash. acid. Total. 
Clover hay, per ton.$4 97 $2 20 $0.30 $7 47 
Mixed feed—meal, bran, 
buckwheat mids, % each. 6 88 1.12 1 06 9.04 
A well-fed dairy cow will eat two tons 
of clover hay and one ton of feed in a 
year, besides pasture ; this means that 
she consumes as follows in fertilize 
value: Nitrogen, $1180; patash, $5.52; 
phosphoric acid, $1 66 Total, $18 98. 
The best authorities say that, of this 
amount under the most favorable con¬ 
ditions, more than one-fourth is lost, 
and used by the cow in her business as 
milk and butter-producer. This means 
a loss of, at least, $4.75 to each average 
cow of 1,000 pounds weight. On a farm 
of 20 such animals, this would mean an 
annual loss of, at least, $90 to $100, of 
these fertilizers at commercial values, 
most of which must be restored from 
outside sources, allowing nothing for 
improving the conditions of the farm. 
How can this be done cheapest ? 
One ton of buckwheat middlings con¬ 
tains $14 03 value in these elements at 
the commercial rates, of which about 75 
per cent is voided by the cow in the liquid 
and solid droppings all ready to be used 
to restore these lost elements in the soil. 
Think what this means to the restoring 
of rundown or wornout soils. I esti¬ 
mate that I get the cost of the feed re¬ 
turned to me in the feed value, leaving 
the manurial value clear profit. If I 
raise my nitrogenous foods on the farm, 
I am not adding one pound of phosphoric 
acid or potash to the soil to restore the 
loss I have mentioned. 
Value of Ensilage — I raise oats and 
peas as a forage crop, because I cannot 
buy them in the green available form, 
but I depend entirely upon wheat bran, 
gluten feeds, oil meal, corn meal and the 
like to bring back to my farm the waste 
fertilizers incident to all kinds of agri¬ 
culture, and I do so at a cost infinitely 
less than by any other means in my 
knowledge. By this means, I have more 
than doubled the productive value of my 
farm in less than eight years, a thing 
that would have been impossible if all 
the feeds had been raised on the farm. I 
raise ensilage because thereby (among 
other profile) I procure as much in feed 
value from one acre as I can from five 
acres of hay on the same ground, there¬ 
by enabling me greatly to increase the 
amount of stock, and because its succu¬ 
lence very greatly adds to the feed value 
of hay and grain feeds. In short, I ad¬ 
vise raising oats and peas as a joint crop 
for a forage for late Summer and early 
Fall feed, ensilage as a succulent prof¬ 
itable food for Fall, Winter and Spring 
(profitable also for Summer), depending 
on rich nitrogenous foods as buckwheat 
middlings, gluten, bran, etc , purchased 
in the markets to make up a proper ra¬ 
tion, and restore the fertility to the soil. 
Counting the amount of fertilizers 
that go from the farm with every ani¬ 
mal raised and sold therefrom, the nat¬ 
ural and unavoidable waste under the 
most favorable conditions-—vastly in¬ 
creased under average careless condi¬ 
tions—I do not believe it possible to 
keep up a farm without the purchase of 
foods from outside the farm, as the cre¬ 
ation of one pound of fertilizer by the 
animal is absolutely impossible. The 
creating business ceased about 6 000 
years ago, and the man who thinks that, 
by the aid of the cow, he can start that 
business anew, in the creation of fertil¬ 
izers, will find, after bitter experience, 
that the effort is a failure, c l. peck. 
Coudersport, Pa. 
Breeders’ Directory. 
.t«il ls , 00 } u 5i n 18 re ? ery0<1 tor small oards of live 
on appnoatlon* P ° ^ No ont8 - Uates 
The Finest Herd of Red Polls in the 
great State of Pennsylvania. A limited number for 
sale. D. L. 8TKVJ£NS, Elkdale, Susq. Co., Pa. 
300 Coarse Wool Ewes; 30 Grade Cows- 
25Cheshlre Pigs; Thoroughbred Guernsey Bull Calf- 
B. P. Rock and S. C. W. Leghorn Eggs. Cheap. ’ 
B. L. IIURD, Whallonsburg, N. Y. 
Registersd Shorthorns— Orchard 
Groye Herd. No better In the country. Seven Buis 
now ready. Special pi ices. WM. N. GOULD, West 
Springfield, Erie County, Pa. 
Pigs—E ligible to Registry, and Mrst 
class stock at Reduced, Prices. Chester White 
Berkshire, Poland-China and jersey Red 
Also, POULTRY. WM. B. HARVEY, West Grove, Pa 
1(13 Hfll VTFIN^ KOK SALE -Two Pauline 
IUU IIUL0ILII10 Paul-De Kol Bulls ready for 
service. Butter-bred Bulls as low as $5U Calves sirtd 
by our famous Royal Paul, and rlch-imlking cows and 
heifers bred to him. Dellhurst Farms, Mentor, Ohio 
Woodland Short-horns heifers (bred) forsale 
W. I. WOOD, Williamsport, Pickaway Co., Ohio. 
YflllNfi QflWQ bred at*15, all sold. Have some 
I U UIIU OU If 0 line ones that have had one lit¬ 
ter, and are safe with pig now at$20. Good value 
_ F. H. GA TES & SONS. Chltteuango. N. Y 
IMPROVED CHESTER WHITES 
of the best breeding and all ages for sale at reaaon 
able prloee. Pamphlets and prices free. 
CUAfl. K. RMCOKD, Peterboro, N. Y 
