THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
367 
1$$9 
SUBSTITUTES FOB CLOVER. 
CANADA PEAS AND OATS BEST. 
Cow Pea a Manure Maker. 
Peas fob Foddeb —The experience 
gained in raising cow peas in this section 
has been of such a nature that, as a fod¬ 
der crop, I cannot recommend them. As 
a soil renovator, they are very desirable, 
but when so used, I would plant them 
rather late than earlier, say about June 
1. The Early Black appears to do best 
with us, sown in drills three feet apart, 
and cultivated. 
My own experience coincides exactly 
with The R. N.-Y.’s as to the use of Can¬ 
ada peas for fodder. We sow equal 
quantities of oats with them, say 1 
bushel of each, making 2% bushels per 
acre. If the dairymen who now hardly 
know what to sow or plant, will try this 
plan where cow peas fail to do well, 
they will not be disappointed in the re- 
fcult. In my experience, which extends 
over a period of 15 years, I regard this 
crop as an old stand-by, and always 
manage to have enough of it. The in¬ 
experienced may make the mistake 
which I made in sowing this crop on 
land which is too rich, and where it is 
liable to lodge. In order to avoid this, 
I sow on moderately rich and even poor 
soil, where I cannot raise clover satis¬ 
factorily. 
How to Sow.—I generally, I might 
say always, get best results by sowing 
broadcast the peas first, plowing them 
under with a plow that has a wheel at¬ 
tached to it, and gauging it so as to 
cover them from 2>£ to 3 inches; when 
sowing on corn stubble, I use a Cutaway 
first, before sowing the peas, then plow 
as above described, and afterwards sow 
the oats, and harrow lightly so as not to 
disturb the peas any more than neces¬ 
sary. If the soil is light or sandy, I use 
the roller, also. About the time this 
crop is ripening, it requires very careful 
watching so as to cut it at the right 
time, principally on account of the peas 
being liable to shell too easily if allowed 
to ripen; as I do not thrash mine, this 
is a very important point. At the period 
at which this crop comes to maturity it 
often happens that the weather is very 
hot, and being left one day too long will 
materially lessen the value of the crop. 
When the proper time comes, I go over 
some portions of the field every day to 
make sure. The condition of the oat 
crop at that time should not be taken 
into consideration at all (unless the grain 
is to be thrashed), but watch the peas; 
when the most of them are about ripe, 
cut the crop, leave it long enough to 
wilt thoroughly, rake it if cut with the 
mower, leave it in windrows, or throw 
into piles. If the weather is warm and 
favorable, and the crop thoroughly dry, 
put into the barn or under cover if pos¬ 
sible ; do not hesitate to put it in the 
barn if it is somewhat green. The main 
point is to have it di'y, otherwise it is 
just about as bad as wet clover is when 
gathered in that condition, and is liable 
to mold. 
Taking all together—the peas as a 
renovator of the Eoil, their value as a 
nitrogenous food, doing away in a great 
measure with the necessity of feeding 
bran and shorts, the ease with which 
they can be grown on soil where one 
cannot start clover—it is actually one of 
the most valuable crops for the dairy¬ 
man to grow. I will venture to say that 
the growing of this crop is yet in its in¬ 
fancy, but will, as soon as tried by many 
who will almost be forced to raise it 
this year on account of so much clover 
being winterkilled, become its steadfast 
friends in the near future. The recent 
advance in the price of Canada peas from 
85 cents to $1.25 per bushel, indicates an 
unusual demand for them, and a promi¬ 
nent seedsman informed me lately that 
the demand for them is unprecedented. 
The R. N.-Y. will make no mistake in 
advocating persistently the raising of 
this crop, and add to its many thousands 
of friends a great many more. J. v. L. 
La Crosse County, Wis. 
Ensilage and Boards of Health. 
I have been taking The R. N -Y. for several 
years. You have ei couraged the silo, and said 
nice things about ensilage. Acting on the infor¬ 
mation, I built silos for my tenants who were 
dairymen. They are more than satisfied, and 
could not produce milk so cheaply without en" 
silage. Now there is a fear that the local board 
of health will condemn ensilage as food for dairy 
cows. What do you think of it ? g. e. h. 
Hamilton, Ont. 
Ans. —There is no case that we know 
of on record, where any injurious effect 
can be traced to the feeding of properly- 
made ensilage. We don’t believe any 
board of health is justified in prohibit¬ 
ing its use. In a case of this kind, we 
would secure bulletins from the Cornell 
Station, and the Geneva Station in New 
York ; from the Wisconsin Station at 
Madison; the Pennsylvania Station at 
State College ; the Michigan Station at 
Lansing, and both the Canadian Stations 
at Guelph and Ottawa. We feel certain 
that these Stations can supply literature 
on the subject that will thoroughly con¬ 
vince any reasonable man that good 
ensilage is a perfectly safe and health¬ 
ful food. 
In the last number of Hoard’s Dairy¬ 
man, Prof. F. W. Woll, of the Wisconsin 
Station, covers this point fully. He says, 
among other things : 
The alcohol found in ensilage can, in no way, 
influence the quality of the milk. There is not 
enough alcohol in the ensilage to be determined 
quantitatively by the most delicate chemical 
methods; it is, indeed, often difficult to show 
that it is there. I have but rarely failed to find 
alcohol in ensilage when I have looked for it, 
but it is necessary to use the microscope to de¬ 
cide whether the characteristic reaction show¬ 
ing the presence of alcohol has been obtained. 
There is, therefore, only an infinitesimal quan¬ 
tity of alcohol in ensilage, perhaps not more 
than is found in bread, which, for some time past, 
has been cons.dered “ the staff of life,” and very 
likely will continue to be so considered, in spite 
of the fact that minute quantities of alcohol gen¬ 
erated In the fermenting (working) of the dough 
remain in the bread after it is baked. 
The objections to ensilage as feed for dairy 
cows are, therefore, wholly unwarranted, and no 
company, doctor or board of health can prohibit 
its use, for this purpose, without thereby show¬ 
ing that they have not followed the progress of 
dairying and cattle-feeding in this country or 
abroad. The silo is as important an adjunct to 
modern dairying as is the separator or the fac¬ 
tory system of butter and cheesemaking. 
Cheap and perfect cure for calves with scours: 
Give warm egg fresh shell whole in morning. 
East Elmira, N. Y. F. b g. 
Farmers can just as well guess at the age of 
the cow by her general appearance, as by her 
horns. Both methods are only guesswork. We 
must not forget that the growth of the horn is 
continuous, not as in a tree dependent on the 
season. Improved or high-bred cows show hard¬ 
ly any rings. Common stock, which have every 
year to go through a time of starvation and ex¬ 
posure, show many rings. I have counted often 
more rings than-any cow ever will be years old. 
Texas. dr. w. d’aebini. 
Horns for Holsteins —In reply to your recent 
inquiry as to whether it is probable that a change 
will be made in the rule governing exhibitions, 
and that dishorned cattle of the different breeds 
will be allowed to compete for prizes, I very 
much doubt whether such a classification will 
ever take place. In the scale of points of this 
breed, as in others, the horns count a certain 
number of points, and are considered by many 
breeders a very valuable indication of the quality 
of the animal. They certainly would not be per¬ 
mitted to compete in the general class by expert 
judges, who would reject any animal not physi¬ 
cally perfect. I would not consider such a 
change in the classification desirable, and there 
will be, probably, but little demand for such a 
change, as very few dairymen and feeders are 
also breeders of purebred cattle for the purpose 
of improving herds other than their own, conse¬ 
quently will not be found in the show ring to any 
extent. f. i, houghton. 
Secretary Holstein-Frieslan Association. 
Make Cows Pay 
If every cow would 
give half as much more 
milk as at present with¬ 
out increasing feed or 
expense, dairying 
would pay well. A 
Giant Sepa¬ 
rator could earn such 
an increase in product 
almost every time, and 
will change a losing 
business into a paying 
one. It is so simple 
that a boy or girl can 
easily manage it. Send for Illustrated 
Catalogue No. 25. p u SHAR p LES> 
Branches: West Chester, Ha. 
Toledo, O. Omaha, Neb. 
Dubuque, la. St. Paul, Minn. 
San Francisco, Cal. 
“ALPHA-DISC” 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
The improved “Alpha” disc or divided milk- 
strata system is used in the De Laval separators 
only. Strong patents prevent its use in any 
other machines. The “disc” system makes 
the De Laval machines as superior to other 
separators as such other separators are to 
setting systems. It reduces necessary speed 
one-half, reduces size of revolving bowl, saves 
labor and power, enables simplicity and dura¬ 
bility, skimming cold milk, running cream of 
any desired thickness, and insures absolute 
thoroughness of separation under practical 
use conditions, which is not possible with any 
other separator or creaming system. 
Send for neiv 1890 catalogue. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
Western Offices: 
Randolph & Canal Sts. 
CHICAGO. 
General Offices: 
74 CORTLANDT STREET, 
NEW YORK. 
Branch Offices: 
1102 Arch Street, 
PHILADELPHIA. 
The U.S. Triple Current Separator 
Is noted for Its 
THOROUGHNESS OF SEPARATION, 
EASE OF OPERATION, AND DURABILITY. 
Never Been Out of Running Order in 3 Years, 
Gerry, N. Y., April 14th, 1899. 
I bought a No. 3 Improved U. S. Separator in the spring of 
’96, have made as much as 5,000 lbs. of butter per year, separat¬ 
ing as high as 800 lbs. of milk per day, and during all this time 
it has never been out of running order. I have expended for 
repairs the amount of 50 cents for rubber rings. I used one 
ring over a year. I have tested the skim-milk from time to 
time without detecting scarcely a trace of butter fat. 
E. S. OSTRANDER. 
Write for large illustrated catalogues. Free. 
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt. 
Light Running. 
Many dairymen are deterred from buying 
a hand separator be¬ 
cause they “run so 
hard.” Some do, but 
a child can turn the 
Empire 
Cream 
Separators 
without fatigue. They 
require about one-half 
the power of other 
machines of equal capacity. We guarantee 
the Empire machine to fulfill every claim we 
make and to give perfect satisfaction to every 
purchaser, or your money back. 
Catalogue of the largest line of hand separators in 
America for the asking. Agents wanted. 
U. S. Butter Extractor Co., Newark, N. J. 
AFRAID OF MILK. 
■ "In most cities people buy just 
as little milk as possible because 
they are afraid it is not pure and 
may contain disease germs. When 
the milk sours quickly they are 
scared. 
THE PERFECTION 
MILK COOLER AND AERATOR 
makes perfectly sweet, wholesome, long-keeping 
milk. Any Board of Health will endorse your milk it 
you use one. It takes out all bad odors of animals, 
stables or feed. Sizes from 1 to 200 cows. Send for 
prices and free catalogue of Farm and Dairy supplies. 
L. R. LEWIS, Manfr., Box 12, Cortland, N. Y. 
American Dairying Says 
“As fast as drawu the rnilk should be 
Strained and some system of cooling and 
aerating applied to it.” The 
nilAUDinU MILK COOLER 
UVIAinrlUll AND AERATOR 
is the simplest, best and cheapest means of 
somplisning this desirable end. Free book 
“Milk” tells all about it. 
Champion Milk Cooler Co 
Milk Dealers’ Supplies, 
39 Railroad St., CORTLAND, N. Y. 
SEPARATOR and POWERS 
Get 
our prices 
& Catalogue 
of Sweep 
Powers, hand 
and power Corn 
Shellers, Peed Cutters, 
Feed Mills, Steel Land Rollers, Chilled 
Mowers, Wood Saws, Engines—3 to 25 Horse 
•tatiouary. 8. 8. MK88INUEK Sc HON. Tatamj. 
THE BEST BUTTER 
and the most of it is made by using 
our improved patent 
AQUATIC CREAM SEPARATOR. 
Ittakes all thecreain out of milk, expels all foul odors 
and impurities in two hour’s time. Better than any 
^creamery made and costs less than half as much. For 1 
cow up to 40. Can’t get out of order. No experience 
necessary. Prices, $5. to $11. Free catalogue and testi¬ 
monials. Reliable Agents Wanted. 
Aquatic Cream Sep’tor Co. 119 Factory Sq. Watertown, N.Y. 
Top Price Butter. 
The kind that a fancy private 
trade demands, is colored with 
Thatcher's Orange Butter Color — 
the color that does not contain 
any poison. Send for a sample. 
THATCHER MFfi. CO., Potsdam, N.Y. 
SPRAYING CROPS: Why, 
When and How to Do It.— By Prof. Clar¬ 
ence M. Weed. Illustrated. 
This little book tells in plain, understandable 
English, just what the ordinary farmer and fruit 
grower most needs to know. It describes all the 
Insecticides and fungicides used in spraying; all 
the principal appliances used ; tells when to 
spray; what precautions to observe ; describes 
the insects and fungi against which it is neces¬ 
sary to guard; in fact, is a complete, condensed, 
convenient handbook on the whole subject. Price 
in stiff paper covers, is but 25 cents, postpaid. 
The Rubal Nkw-Yobkkb, New Yobk. 
