1899 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
43? 
Farmers’ Club. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure atten¬ 
tion. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
THE BOSC PEAR. 
BEST quality; hardest to find. 
Why is it Not Grown ? 
We regard the Bose pear as one of the finest 
table pears in existence, and we notice that it 
finds a very ready sale on the fruit stands in the 
cities; yet, it is almost Impossible to obtain any¬ 
thing like a fair supply of these pears Town 
people who buy them once, always want to know 
why they cannot obtain an unlimited supply of 
them, as they can of other good varieties. There 
must be some good reason for this, or fruit grow¬ 
ers would raise them in preference to other 
varieties. Why is it that the Bose is so seldom 
grown for market? Do you know where any 
large quat tity of Bose pears can be bought ? If 
not, what is the reason, and what is the trouble 
about the propagation of this variety? 
Hard to Get. —There is no doubt that 
the Bose pear is growing in favor an¬ 
nually, yet it is one of those varieties 
that have been but little grown. The 
reasons are obvious : As a one-year-old, 
it is inclined to be tender, hence it is 
grown principally by top-budding upon 
other sorts when they are two years old. 
The expense in getting trees in this way 
is considerable, therefore they are 
usually held at higher prices than other 
sorts. Purchasers do not understand 
this, and frequently express wonder that 
they cannot buy them at the same price 
as Bartlett, Clapp, and others more easily 
grown. I have quite a large quantity of 
them growing in my orchards that have 
been propagated in this way. There are 
no large stocks of them in the hands of 
nurserymen. We always have a moder¬ 
ate supply of them that are usually taken 
up as fast as grown. The Bose is an an- 
mual producer and a good handler. 
s. D. WILLARD. 
.Needs Stiff Red Clay. —The Bose 
[pear trees are very weak, poor growers 
in the nursery ; that is one reason why 
the nurserymen do not propagate more 
of them. Customers are never satisfied 
when they are delivered. Again, the 
Bose is very fickle as to the soil where it 
will grow well and fruit abundantly. A 
rather stiff red clay seems to suit it best, 
and I know some localities where the 
trees are rank growers and productive 
bearers. There is no question if parties 
who own lands suited to this pear would 
grow it on an extended scale, it would 
sell in greater quantities and at 
higher prices than any other pear in 
America. But in the rush for trees that 
^will grow anywhere and bear abund¬ 
antly, regardless of quality, it is neg¬ 
lected by most cultivators. Nowhere in 
Ihe eastern States do I know of an or¬ 
chard of as many as 100 Bose pears. 
J. H. HALE. 
Making a Boec Orchard. —The Bose 
pear will never be a glut in the market, 
for the reason that the tree grows so 
crooked and slowly that nurserymen will 
not grow it. Those who buy trees do 
not understand that there is as much 
difference in the habit of growth in trees 
as there is in animals, and are not will¬ 
ing to pay any more for one tree than 
another of the same species. If a nur¬ 
seryman were to bud 1,000 stocks to 
Bartlett, he would, no doubt, get 900 
good trees, while if 1,000 stocks were 
budded to Bose, he might not get more 
than 100 good salable trees, and many 
of these might have to be staked while 
growing to get the body up straight so 
as to make a tree a customer would re¬ 
ceive if sent to him. Many nurserymen 
grow a few Bose by top-working them, 
that is, by budding the Bose in the top 
of some strong-growing variety like 
Clapp, Buffum or Anjou. To raise the 
trees this way, the nurseryman has to 
charge more for them to pay him for 
this extra trouble. 
If one wish to obtain a Bose pear or¬ 
chard, the best way to get it is to set 
Clapp or some strong-growing variety. 
Let it grow two years, then top-graft it. 
This, of course, is some trouble and ex¬ 
pense to do, yet the one who does it will 
get a good paying pear orchard, for this 
variety will never be overprcduced. It 
is a fine pear, a heavy bearer, and usually 
grows smooth and fair with good feeding 
and cultivation, such as any orchard 
should have for profit. The Winter 
Nelis is one of the best of the Winter 
pears, but the tree is like the Bose, so 
poor and crooked a grower that few 
trees are raised by the nurserymen. To 
succeed with this variety, it must be 
top-grafted as above directed for the 
BCSC. EDWIN HOYT. 
Questions About Hazelnuts. 
B.B., Fanningdale, lll.—X. What is the economy 
or use of the catkins that appear on the hazel¬ 
nut in Fall, and hang through the Winter, wilt¬ 
ing early in the Spring before the small bloom 
appears ? 2. How are filberts surest propagated 
from cuttings ? Why do they not succeed here ? 
Will you give best method of raising them—com¬ 
bating disease, etc. ? 
Ans.—1. The male flowers of the hazel¬ 
nut or filbert make their first appear¬ 
ance during the Fall in drooping catkins 
a couple of inches long. These catkins 
do not develop until the next Spring, 
which happens in this climate generally 
in late March, at which time the female 
flowers appear. 2. Make cuttings of 
suitable lengths, of young strong shoots. 
Bury these in well-drained soil until the 
next Spring, and then treat them as you 
would grape cuttings. Filberts succeed 
in some localities, and they cannot be 
induced to succeed in others. It i3 said 
that the wild native hazelnut bushes are 
loaded with disease germs that are fatal 
to the foreign species, The location for 
a filbert orchard should be an open, airy 
one, rather than a sheltered one, which 
might induce the flowers to push so early 
in Spring that they would be killed by 
frosts. Filberts are readily propagated 
by any of the ways by which ordinary 
shrubs are multiplied, The nuts may 
be planted in the Fall, or mixed with 
sand and planted in the Spring. The 
seedlings produce many roots, so that 
they are easily transplanted. Any par¬ 
ticular variety may be multiplied by 
layers or by suckers, by grafting or 
by budding. We are not aware of any 
method of combating weaknesses of 
the filbert, except of providing them 
with rich soil and well-drained, airy 
locations. 
Bolleana and Lombardy Poplars. 
E. E., Deckertown. N. J.—l. What are the relat¬ 
ive merits of the Bolleana and Lombardy pop¬ 
lars? Which is more desirable of the two for 
landscape gardening, and why ? Are they long- 
lived trees? 2. Will the Magnolia acuminata and 
Great leaved Magnolia thrive as far north as 
this? 
Ans.—1. The rap'd growth of the Lom¬ 
bardy (Populus dilatata) is its only good 
quality. Worms often infest it. The 
tree often dies in patches. It is, in form, 
homely and stiff Bolleana is a variety 
of the White or Silver poplar, of some¬ 
what recent introduction. It is a more 
compact, upright grower than the White 
poplar, and more resembles the Lom¬ 
bardy in habit. The leaves are glossy 
dark green above, and as silvery beneath 
as are the leaves of the White poplar. 
We would not care for either tree for 
landscape gardening. They are short 
lived and sucker terribly. 2 Yes, both 
trees will be found hardy with you. 
Lime and Manure. 
F. /A, Maine —Would it do any barm to use a 
little air-slaked lime as an absorbent behind 
cows, and have pigs on the manure ? What w ould 
be theeiTect of harrowing in lime with the manure 
where we plant corn this Spring, the manure and 
lime both applied this Spring ? 
Ans —We would not use air-slaktd 
lime as an absorbent behind \he cov s. 
Lime used in this way wi 1 have the ef¬ 
fect of setting free the valuable am¬ 
monia, so that it will be lost. Land 
plaster, which is sulphate of lime, is just 
the thing to use as an alsorbent. This 
has the reverse action, and instead of 
setting free the ammonia, will hold it 
safely. Do not use lime as an absorbent 
under any circumstances. It would be 
safe enough to harrow the lime into the 
ground with manure, the best way being 
to plow the manure under, then to 
broadcast the lime, and harrow it well 
into the surface soil. Lime applied to 
the manure pile will be injur : ous, as it 
will set the ammonia free. When the 
two are mixed in the soil, however, there 
is less damage, for while the ammonia is 
set free, it is mostly retained in the soil 
for the benefit of the crops. 
The Strawberry Crown-Borer. 
R. B. II ., Mexico, Mo —Where does the Straw¬ 
berry Crown-borer start from ? My idea was 
that the eggs were laid in an old patch of berry 
plants, and they would not start or breed In a 
piece of ground that never had a strawberry 
planted on It before. 
Ans—T he following extract from a 
bulletin just received from the Kentucky 
Experiment Station seems to contain the 
information desired by R. B H.: 
“ Because of its imperfect powers of 
locomotion, the Strawberry Crown-borer 
is not as generally distributed as are 
many more active insects, but its small 
size, obscure colors, and manner of at¬ 
tack make it dreaded notwithstanding. 
Once it becomes abundant on land, it is 
exceedingly difficult to get rid of it 
again. The grubs, pupae and beetles 
are, during the Summer, so completely 
protected by the plant that it is impos¬ 
sible to apply any fluid, powder or gas 
that would not destroy the plant as soon 
as, or sooner than, it would the insect. 
When it is decided to destroy an in¬ 
fested bed, it should be done in Summer, 
and all the plants ought to be taken up 
and burned. Even tbis will not make 
the land at once safe for a new planting, 
for during a considerable period in 
Spring, the beetles are engaged in laying 
their eggs on the plants. The eggs 
seem to be placed at the bases of the 
leaves. August is a good month in 
which to destroy such beds, because the 
egg-laying season is then past, and the 
young beetles have not yet left the 
plants. 
“ In starting new beds, plants should 
never be taken from beds already in¬ 
fested with the pest. Of course, the 
young plants formed from runners dur¬ 
ing the Summer are least likely to be 
infested, but the older ones, even of 
these, are sometimes found to have been 
visited by an egg-laying adult. Very 
late plants formed from runners are 
generally without borers. Yet it is so 
serious a matter to get the borers es¬ 
tablished in land, that it is only safe to 
follow the advice given above, namely, 
get young plants for new beds only 
where the borer has not appeared and 
it may be added, make your new beds 
a', a distance from any that may have 
become infested.” 
M. Y. SLING ERL A ND. 
Profits of Farming 
GARDENING AND FRUIT CULTURE. 
depend upon Good Crops and they In 
turn upon Good Fertilizers. The 
uniformly best fertilizer for all Crops 
and all soils 1 b made by 
Tlie Cleveland Dryer Co., Cleveland, O. 
Materials Supplied for “ Home Mixing.” 
^VW'VVV-VV'VWWV-V'WW'VVV'W'W'WWVV^- 
Exhausted Land. 
The first element to become ex¬ 
hausted in land is nitrogen. The ap¬ 
plication of 100 pounds of 
Nitrate of Soda 
per acre will supply this and produce 
astonishing results. It is the cheap¬ 
est and most available source of nitro¬ 
gen. More about it—use and results, 
in our book, “Food for Plants;'* 
mailed free. Write John A. Myers, 
12—O John St., New York. Nitrate 
for sale by 
BALFOUR, WILLIAMSON & CO. 
27 William Si., New York. 
a-vvv-vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv 
'Jadoo Fibre and Jadoo Liquid: 
Will give yon Early Crops and Large Crops 
of Vegetables or ITrult. Send for Catalogues 
and be convinced of the merits of these 
new Fertilizers. 
THE AMERICAN JADOO CO., 
815 Fairmount Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 
LEGGETT'S 
A Dry Sprayer 
No Water or Plaster. 
Saits Tret, Sash or Vine, 
Two rows of potatoes ae 
f as t as you wal k, wide or 
narrow planting. Agents 
wanted. Catalogue and 
spray calendar free. 
LEGGETT & BROTHER, 
301 Pearl St„ New York. 
Paragrene. 
Better than Paris-green. Half the Cost. 
Does not burn the foliage. 
"I used Pa hag it b NE just as I would Paris-green. 
It did not Injure the foliage, but killed all the potato 
bugs very quickly. I like it better than Paris-green, 
and shall always use It In future.” 
Suburba, Tenn. a. e. bunker. 
“I have used and found Paragrene the best, 
quickest and safest insecticide 1 ever used, and 
recommend it to every grower of currants and goose¬ 
berries for absolute destruction ot the Currant worm, 
and does not injure the foliage. Please send at once 
two U-pound packages more of PARAGRENE.” 
Tivoli, Madalin P. O., N. Y. geo. w. fi.ngak. 
Send for Pamphlet and samples. 
FltED L. LAVANBUKG, Box 1(170 B. New York. 
“Pride Goeth 
c .Before a Fall” 
Some proud people think they are strong, 
ridicule the idea of disease, neglect health, 
let the blood run demon, and stomach, kid¬ 
neys and liver become deranged. Take 
Hood's Sarsaparilla and you voill prevent 
the fall and save your pride. 
“A MOLE 
on the Neck, 
Money 
by the Peck.’* 
but there is no money in hav¬ 
ing a mole in your garden or I 
on your lawn. Don’t have I 
them. Catch them with the I 
“OUT-O’StGHT” 
Mole Trap, 
Every trap has our guarantee to catch.j 
Sample trap 8 Sc. by mall 
or, have your dealer order for you. 
ANIMAL TRAP CO. 
10 Tleek St., Abingdon, III. 
POISON 
is rot used In my Killer of Cab¬ 
bage Worms. By mall, 25 and 50c. 
EDW. SWA RTS. Blockton, la. 
with oar saw pat ant 
KEROSENE SPRAYERS 
la simple indeed. Kerosene Emulsion 
made while pumping. IS varieties 
Sprayers, Bordeaux and Vermorel 
Nozzles, the “World’* Bent.” 
THE DEMINU CO. SALEM, OHIO. 
Western Agenta, Hennton & HubbellJ 
Chicago. Catalogue and Formulae Free. 
BUCKEYE FORCE PUMPS 
are leaders In the trade 
because they work easy, throw a steady 
stream, do not drip, do not freeze but 
Please all who use them. 
They are made to pump and to last, and 
they do both. The complete embodiment 
of pump goodness. Write for circulars. 
MASTT FOOS & CO., II River Street, Springfield, Ohio- 
Howto Build, Operate, Repair 
Valuable and Interesting Points 
on Seed and Feed. 
American Silo-Seed Co.,Buffalo.N.Y 
FumaCarbon Bisulphide 
Now Is the time for Ilf flflnPIIIIOIf C t0 steep 
farmers to put ITUUIluVIUulVd with 
“ FUMA.” 
KDWABD K. TAYLOB, Cleveland, Ohio. 
SLUG-SHOT. Used from Ocean to Ocean across this Continent. 
Hammond’s Paint and Slug Shot Works 
MANUFACTURE 
“Grape Dust” for Mildew, “Cattle Comfort” to keep cattle 
comfortable in lly time, “Copper Solution,” “Extract 
of Tobacco,” “Thrip .Juice,” “Sheep Wash.” 
FRENCH BORDEAUX MIXTURE IN PULP, ^"e 1 and 
reliable form for immediate use. Sold by the seed trade. Send for 
circulars. BENJAMIN HAMMOND, Flshkill-on-Hudson,N.Y 
WE SAVE FARMERS 40 PER CENT. FERTILIZERS 
We sell you direct—Actually pay you salesman’s expenses and agent’s profit. Write for 
free sample and book. THE SCIENTIFIC FERTILIZER CO., PITTSBURG, PA. 
