458 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
June 17 
Live Stock and Dairy 
"MANUFACTURING A HORSE/’ 
THE PRINCIPLES OF BREEDING. 
Influence of Sire and Dam. 
(CONCLUDED.) 
Power of Transmission. —This rower 
of transmission of the external and in¬ 
ternal qualities by the sire and dam re¬ 
spectively has been intimately connected 
with Ihe breeding of high-class animals 
by scientists, and on this basis, they 
have been able to determine fixed char¬ 
acteristics through many generations. 
This disabuses the mind of the impres¬ 
sion that “ blood ” alone is responsible 
for certain results. The term “ blood ”, 
properly applied, means merely the trac¬ 
ing of a horse’s pedigree back to cer¬ 
tain approved foundation stock—gener¬ 
ally Arabian stock—and while it carries 
with it certain weight that a specimen 
may be said be possessed of peculiar 
structural type and great nervous en¬ 
ergy, as in the progeny of renowned race 
horses, yet we know from actual obser¬ 
vation that families of so-called “ blood ” 
horses have brought forth indefinite 
types, and only a small percentage have 
imitited the great performances of their 
progenitors. It is erroneous, therefore, 
to suppose that the qualities of any ani¬ 
mal attach to its blood more than to any 
other fluid or tissue of the body, or that 
the blood of a high-bred or pedigreed 
horse differs from that of another. The 
qualities of an animal depend upon its 
organization, and its blood is only the 
means of nourishing that organization. 
Blood varies in quality and quantity ac¬ 
cording to the food partaken ©f, and the 
exercise and surroundings, atmosphere, 
etc. One horse surpasses another by vir¬ 
tue of his perfect symmetry and ner¬ 
vous energy in correct proportion to his 
structure. 
Thus, as I have already stated, it is 
proper to have due regard for pedigree 
if the best elements of sire and dam and 
grandparents are reproduced in the off¬ 
spring, but not otherwise. It should 
never be forgotten that the blood of the 
Thoroughbred injected into the heavy 
draught horse cannot make the clumsy 
body move more quickly than its struc¬ 
ture admits, neither can the blood of the 
heavy draught animal make the light 
trotter draw heavy weights. If a horse 
is defective in his mechanical structure, 
it matters not what horse he is sired 
by, he will always be a clumsy brute. It 
has always been on account of the fail¬ 
ure of farmers to acknowledge and under¬ 
stand this principle, that so many of 
them have almost ruined themselves in 
vain endeavors to make fast trotters out 
of defectively-constructed colts. 
What to Look For —In breeding, 
symmetry should be first considered, 
then nervous endowment, then pedigree. 
After this will come careful selection of 
male and female for mating, in order to 
secure the highest degree of perfection 
in the offspring of which nature admits. 
It is not enough that the colt shall 
be actuated by the noblest spirit, or 
contain a full supply of good “ blood.” 
The bones must be in correct proportion 
the one to the other, every muscle must 
be at proper tension, every lever its 
proper length, and the strength must be 
in proportion before the movement can 
be accurate or precise. 
The parents should be in perfect 
health and vigor when selected for mat¬ 
ing, and both should be actually used 
for the same purpose for which the foal 
when it comes will be required. Partic¬ 
ularly should the stallion be in daily 
work—not shut up and coddled in a stall 
all day, and led out like a fat, hothouse 
plant A stallion cannot be expected to 
get a lively, vigorous colt under such 
circumstances. Yet how often is such 
the case? This is just what accounts, 
in great measure, for a majority of the 
miserable foals we see on farms, espe¬ 
cially on fancy stock farms to-day. 
The mare, too, should be at work when 
she is bred, so that, as she carries her 
foal, she will be healthy and vigorous 
enough to provide it with proper vitality. 
Miserably old and worn-out mares can 
never produce good colts. The ancient 
Arabs were careful never to use such 
mares. They cultivated endurance and 
bottom, or courage in their mares, and 
bred them when vigorous and in their 
prime, and even to this day they trace 
pedigrees through their mares. In mod¬ 
ern times, we have paid altogether too 
much attention to the sires, and the re¬ 
sult of using mares lacking health and 
constitution, has been the production of 
thousands of horses of no particular 
value for breeding purposes. 
A. H. GODFREY. 
TWO HORNLESS DAIRY BREEDS. 
Red Polled Cattle have many ad¬ 
vantages over almost every other breed. 
First, they are the strongest strain of 
cattle in the world. For example, breed¬ 
ing a Red Polled bull to any other breed, 
insures 95 per cent polled calves, and 
a solid red color. Here is a test that 
came under my own observation; 26 
purebred Holstein cows were bred to a 
Red Polled bull that I once owned, and 
the 26 calves were polled, and with but 
one exception, were of dark red color ; 
the exception had a white udder. Second, 
I claim that they will keep fat on a third 
less food than any other breed. Third, 
they are very handsome, and are good 
milkers; my herd average per cent 
butter fat. I have one cow that gives 40 
pounds a day, and unlike other milk 
breeds, keeps fat I have cows that 
weigh 1,600 pounds, and could take on 
200 or 300 pounds more if fattened for 
beef. Fourth, when a Red Polled cow 
has finished her mission, has given you 
all the calves and milk you want, she 
will make the best beef you ever ate. 
Tonti, Ill. H. LEE BORDEN. 
Hornless Short-horns. — We breed 
Polled Durhams, which are simply 
Short-horns without the horns. Why 
are our cattle superior to other breeds ? 
The Polled Durhams inherit both the 
milking qualities and beef form of their 
ancestors, therefore they are just as 
good milkers as any other general-pur¬ 
pose breed, and much better beef ani¬ 
mals. They are hornless, and are there¬ 
fore, much easier handled and fed. They 
are, in fact, the farmers’ cattle, and men 
who claim to be posted say that it is only 
a question of time when all the Short¬ 
horns will be hornless. We think they 
are much more docile than the Polled 
Angus, lack the long horns of the Here¬ 
ford, and are much better milkers than 
either of these breeds. When bred to 
horned cows, from 75 to 95 per cent of 
the offspring are hornless, and some 
Polled Durham bulls have never sired a 
horned calf. The Polled Durhams are 
fully as good dairy cattle as Red Polls. 
There is quicker sale to-day for Polled 
Durhams than any other breed, as the 
breeders sell nearly all their bulls be¬ 
fore they are old enough for service, and 
it is almost impossible to buy heifers at 
any price. J. N. woods & sons. 
Gardner, Ill._ 
An Australian paper advised a subscriber to 
administer medicine to a horse in the form of 
powder, by placing it in a tube, putting one end 
in the horse’s mouth, and blowing through the 
other end. That paper has now lost a sub¬ 
scriber. According to his account, “ the medi¬ 
cine may have been good enough for the horse, 
but it was a little too much for me.” “ But how 
did you get it ? ” was asked. “ Well, you see, I 
got the tube down the horse’s throat all right, 
and was just going to blow when the accident 
happened” ‘‘What accident?” "The horse 
blew first.” 
MILKERS AND MILKING. 
There seems to be a great deal of dis¬ 
cussion among the farmers in different 
localities nowadays in regard to the sub¬ 
ject of good milkers. The remark that 
it is now almost impossible to find good 
milkers, is quite frequently heard among 
dairymen. This is a great mistake I 
thoroughly believe that there are just 
as good milkers, in this, and other local¬ 
ities, as there ever were, if not better. 
The farmer who depends on day hands 
for his help, as a general rule, is the one 
who complains most bitterly in regard 
to this matter. The average man who is 
hired by the day will not milk even if 
he can. Wherever or whenever I find a 
good month hand, one who stays on the 
farm continually, one who is not con¬ 
stantly listening for the sound of the 
six-o’clock whistle, one who does not go 
to town every night, I find a good milker. 
A cow should be milked as quickly as 
possible. A good milker can milk 12 
cows an hour. The muscles of the fore¬ 
arm, wrists and hands, of a good milker 
must be well developed; therefore, as a 
rule, wom?n are poor milkers. They re¬ 
quire too much time to milk a cow. The 
evil resulting from this practice is that 
the cows do not readily give down their 
milk. Some farmers expect a man to do 
too much of this work. The number of 
cows that a man milks should depend on 
the amount and nature of other labor 
Breeders’ Directory. 
For Sale —Seven beautiful Short-horn 
Heifer Calves, and four Bull Calves, three and four 
months old, at $24.50 for Heifers, and $35 for Bulls. 
Also, Polled Durham Bulls and Heifer Calves at 
same price. ISON & LITSEV, Harrodsburg, Ky. 
White Wyandottes Exclusively.— 
Write wants; Spencer’s Poultry Farm, Phenlx, R. 1. 
Pigs— Eligible to Registry, and First- 
class stock at Reduced Prices. Chester White, 
Berkshire, Poland-China and Jersey Red. 
Also, Poultry, wm. B. HARVEY, West Grove, p&. 
IflQ uni QTEINQ FOR 8ALB-TWO Pauline 
lUu flULOl Llild Paul-I>e Kol Bulls ready for 
service. Butter-bred Bulls as low as $50. Calves sired 
by our famous Royal Paul, and rich-milking cows and 
heifers bred to him. Dellhurst Farms, Mentor, Ohio 
GUERNSEYS. 
84 Cows averaged 399 pounds 
butter each in 1898 Some 
choice young stock for sale 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
RHINECLIFF, N. Y 
Registered Guernseys. 
Seven cows ; four heifers springring : three 13 
mos,, five 4 to 8 mos. Two bulls: One 1 mo., one 
6 mos A. J. SNYDER, Plumsteadville, Pa. 
Registered Jersey Cattle 
For Milk and Butter. 
R. F. 8HANNON, 907 Liberty 8t., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
WILLSWOOD FARM. 
BERKSHIRE SWINE. 
that he performs. As a rule, I do not 
believe that a man should be allowed to 
milk more than six cows. 
C E BISHOP VILLK 
The American hen Is to have a good showing 
at the New York State Fair. A new building 
has been built for the poultry department, fur¬ 
nished with fine coops, and every possible con¬ 
venience. At the Fair, to be held the week of 
September 5, special efforts will be made to se¬ 
cure a first-class showing of poultry. 
New York State 
Veterinary College. 
At Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 
The best equipment for scientific and practical in¬ 
struction for undergraduates and postgraduates. Most 
varied practice for students in the free clinics. Regu¬ 
lar graded course, three years of nine months each. 
Highest requirements for matriculation and gradua¬ 
tion. Entrance by Regents’ “Veterinary Student 
Certificate,” or by examination September iq, 1899 , 
Instruction begins September 28 , 1899 . Scholarships 
available for veterinary students. 
Tuition Free to New York State Students. 
For extended announcement address 
Professor JAMES LAW, F.R.C.V.S., Director. 
' >©> 
25 gallon packet 50 cents; 100 gallon, $2 If drug¬ 
gist cannot supply, send $1.75 for 100 gallon packet to 
CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 
Cotton Exchange, Hanover Square. New York Ctty 
| : 8alled Horses | 
< k Breasts, Backs, Mouths, etc., stained, J 
i [ healed, toughened and CURED WHILE AT WORK. J 
. * It’s the best. You will swear to this fact if you \ 
willtryCALL POWDER. 60 ceutsbymaii. <[ 
> MOORE BROS. ALBANY N. Y. < 
CA ^ AAAA A AAAAA A AAAAAAAAAAAS 
Trade 
Mark 
Easily and thoroughly cured. 
New, common-sense method, ( 
not eyiensive. No cure, no , 
pay. FREE. A practical, ill-. 
ustrated treatise on the abso¬ 
lute cure of Lump Jaw, free to ’ 
readeraof thispaper. 
Fleming Bros., chemists, 
Colon Stock Yards, Chicago, 7" 
GUERNSEY CATTLE. 
Order all ages and both sexes swine. Bull Calves. 
Choicest selections to EXPAND yonr herds. Reason¬ 
able prices. WILLS A. SEWARD, Budd’s Lake. N.J. 
Dlnnrl Arl C4 aaL Registered Jerseys,Guern 
DIUUUCU dIOblV seys, etc. Swine, Sheep, 
Poultry. Hunting and House Does. Eggs In Season. 
Prices the lowest, quality considered. Wr te for cat. 
Henry Hathaway & Co . Bridgeport, Mont. Co., Pa. 
CONTINENTAL DORSET SHEEP. 
Of course the early lamb raiser must have Dorsets, 
that’s settled. ‘'Continental Dorsets” won the 
prizes last year, and they are as good or better this 
year. Write me for addresses of breeders nearest 
you. JOSEPH E. WING, Mecbanlcsburg, Ohio. 
BLOODED LIVE STOCK 
Sheep— Oxfords, Shropshires, South- 
downs. Fancy Poultry. Pigs— 
Berkshires, Poland-Chinas, Chester 
Whites, Yorkshires. Catalogue fret. 
H. L. HOLMES, Harrisburg, Pa. 
iReg. P. Chinas, Berkshires 
rand Chester Whites. Choice 
1 Spring Pigs. 8 week old. mated 
’no.t akin. Bred sows & service 
boars. Poultry. Write tor hard 
times prices and free circular. 
Hamilton A Co., Cochranvllle. Chester County, Pa. 
LargeYorkshire Pigs 
THE ENGLISH BACON BREED. 
Healthy, hardy and most prolific of all breeds 
Have raised 147 pigs from four sows the past year 
Choice Boars, Gilts and bred sows for sale by 
HILLS & PRICE,CrystalSpringFarm,Delaware,O. 
PflIANn PUIM barge strain. Weigh from 
rULHNU-UnillHO 000 to 800 lbs. The business 
farmers' bog for sale at business prices. Write for 
Information. F. H. Gates & Sons, Chittenango, N.V. 
IMPROVED CHESTER WHITES 
of the best breeding and all ages for sale at reason 
able prices. Pamphlets and prices free. 
CHAS. K. RECORD, Peterboro, N. Y 
FOUR BEAUT!FDL 
SCOTCH COLLIE BITCH PUPS, 
eight weeks old, eligible to registry, from trained 
stock. Healthy, intelligent, affectionate. 
MAPLEMONT STOCK FARM, Albany, Vt. 
POULTRY 
Ws keep everything in the POULTRY LINK,' 
Fenoing, Feed, Incubators, Live 8tock, Brooders ' 
—anything—it’s our business. Call or let n* 1 
■end you our illustrated oatalogue—It’s free for < 
the asking—It’s worth having. 1 
Excelsior Wire and Poultry Supply Co., 
♦ 38 Vesev Street, New York City. 
LOUSY SITTING HENS 
will leave their nests at every op¬ 
portunity, grow thinner and thinner— 
often die before hatching time. 
Lambert’s Death to Lice 
will clean a hen, sitting or standing, the 
minute you put It on. It will not Injure 
eggs or little chickens. Trial slae lOe 
post paid. 64-page POULTBY 
BOOK FBEE. 
D. J. LAMBERT, 
Box SOT A|f*ssi(, E L 
$£T Hand Bone, Shell,Corn 
i w &. Grit Mill for Poultiymen. 
Daisy Bone Cutter. Power Mills. 
.*■ Circular and testimonials Free. 
WIT.g()N RKIIS. I’n.tnn. P. 
Newton’s PAW THTL' 
Improved •’ Alili 
Holds them firmly, draws 
them forward when lying 
down, pushes back when 
standing, gives freedom 
of head, keeps them clear 
E. O. NEWTON CO. 
Batavia, Ill. Catalogue Fret 
THE CHAIN HANGING 
CATTLE STANCHION. 
The most practical and humane Fastener ever in¬ 
vented. Gives perfect freedom of the head. Illus¬ 
trated Circular and Price free on application. 
Manufactured by O. H. ROBERTSON, 
Forestville, Conn. 
