5io 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
•July In 
dumb-jockey can easily be formed with an ordinary- 
belly-band or girth, to which are attached two sticks 
crossed, so as to stand up on the colt’s back like the 
letter X. Put a crupper strap under the tail, and to 
the crupper back-strap attach two lengths of rubber, 
and run them to the upper ends of the crossed sticks. 
Then from these same points run two more strips of 
rubber, flat or round, so they will stretch, and to these 
pieces attach leather reins running to the bit. From 
the bit, run two more lines with rubber pieces at¬ 
tached to the surcingle at the side of the colt. When 
you first put on this rigging, let the reins be a little 
slack, and leave the rigging on for about an hour or 
less. Don’t let the colt fret. Next day, keep him 
in it for an hour with the reins a little tighter, and 
repeat this every day, for an hour, gradually taking 
up a little rein until the colt is seen to arch his neck 
nicely, and carry his head well, whether he has the 
rigging on or not. Don’t buckle the colt’s head in too 
tightly, or you will ruin his walk, which must be free 
and strong, the hind legs being put well under his 
body, so that he walks in an independent fashion, 
gaily and proudly. A good walker always sells at 
sight, remember. Teach the colt to walk well every 
day, and get a smart boy or young man to take him 
along at a good quick walk. In teaching the trot, let 
the colt start slowly so that he will put his feet down 
regularly, one after the other. Then when the speed 
is increased, he will not stumble or get mixed up in 
his gait. Do not allow the colt to slither along or 
amble, either when alongside of its dam, or when 
taken up to halter. Therefore, do not let a brood 
mare race all around a big field with her colt canter¬ 
ing to keep up; she is only running the flesh off the 
colt, and spoiling its carriage action. 
A THREE-YEAR-OLD.—At three years old, a colt 
should be able to go quietly in harness at the side of 
its dam or another horse, and should have been rid¬ 
den a bit, and long before the colt is four years old, it 
should be doing light work at intervals in single har¬ 
ness, and should have been shown steam rollers, rail¬ 
road trains and other sights, and made to fear noth¬ 
ing. It should walk up along side of any trolley car 
or loaded truck, and should stand quietly while other 
horses and vehicles are going quickly by. If a colt is 
Avell formed, has tolerably good action, and can do 
all this, it won’t take five minutes to sell it to a deal¬ 
er at a good long price, and if the owner is a farmer, 
the colt should not have cost him $100, counting his 
time and every ounce of food given. 
A fault to avoid is trying to make a young colt do 
too much work before its bones and joints are ma¬ 
ture. Overfeeding to make a colt look fat and big, 
and putting it into traces too soon, make it slug¬ 
gish, and take away its natural snap, so that, at 
four years old, when trotted out on the halter, the 
colt shows little or no action, and needs a thrashing 
to get it to show' itself off. If a colt requires whip¬ 
ping at that age, what sort of treatment will it re¬ 
reive at seven or eight years old at the hands of a 
brutal or ignorant coachman? 
In turning brood mares and colts loose in a field, see 
that there is no barbed wire or sharp or jagged points 
of broken tree stumps to injure the animals. A blem¬ 
ish on a colt from barbed wire or other cause will 
spoil its sale instantly, no matter how fine the colt 
may be otherwise. A. H. Godfrey. 
PLANS FOR A DAIRY BARN. 
CHEAP HOME FOR TWENTY-FIVE COWS. 
Shall We Try New Models? 
A reader in Massachusetts has done well with half a 
dozen cows, and wishes to increase his herd to about 26. 
What sort of a barn should he build? The old-fashioned 
two-story barn was designed when bay w r as the Winter 
fodder. The silo gives the Winter food for a cow in less 
than one-fifth of the needed hay space, and a cheaper 
and less roomy barn is possible. What shall such a 
man do? 
The Old-Style Barn Still Useful. 
COWS AND FEED TOGETHER.—My opinion is 
that the old tw'o-story barn, with cow's in the lower 
story, is entirely satisfactory, cheaper and more 
economical, all things considered, than the new style 
which places the cows in a one-story building, and 
their food in an attached building. But if it is de¬ 
sired to produce milk that shall sell at an advanced 
price because of the unusually fine sanitary condition 
of the stables, then by all means put the cows in a 
one-story building similar to those used by the 
Walker-Gordon Laboratory. The first cost of building 
separate structures for the cow's ana their food is 
somewhat greater, and the labor of caring for the 
animals is also somewhat greater than in the old- 
fashioned way. Of course, it is presupposed in build¬ 
ing in the old-fashioned w'ay that the basement is 
entirely out of the ground on three sides, that the 
ceilings are made high, that there is an abundance of 
light, and that the floor above the cow's is virtually 
air-tight and ventilation secured by special con¬ 
trivances instead of cracks through the floor over¬ 
head. 
THE PLANK FRAME BARN, which is a modern 
invention, has much to commend itself. It takes 
from 30 to 40 per cent less material than the old style, 
secures strength, and saves something in construction. 
I believe that Lie time is not far distant when we 
shall use the plank frame instead of the old-fashioned 
style. Of course, it will take as long to change the 
style of barn building as it t.id to discard the old 
style of house building, and substitute for it the 
balloon frame. 
At Fig. 200 is shown my idea of a dairy barn. Since 
there are comparatively few' cows to be provided for, 
U _ 
* FLLD HALL. 
to /VfA/^GCtf 
G, S TA HpfH a RoorA. 
v. i>Rip 
DRIVEWAY 2 ND FLOOR, 
WALK WAV 'O FEET. 
ns DRIP 
0, STANDING ROor*\ 
‘48 Ft. 
K. MANSEB 
* FEED HALL 
Ft. 
PROF. ROBERTS'S IDEAL BARN. Fit;. 200. 
it might be w r ell to build a low structure wide 
enough to place two rows of them in the wing, as a 
long building and much traveling would not be neces¬ 
sitated, since the cow's are so few in number. The 
barn may be of the size desired, approached by a 
bridge or bank from one side. The silo should be put 
in one side of the driving floor or, in o^ner words, 
should occupy about one-quarter of the floor space, 
exclusive of the driving floor. The silo can be filled 
from the driving floor, and this will save lifting the 
ensilage the height of the first story. The bays 
which extend down to the level of the cow-stable floor 
may be used for stabling the horses, storing the grain, 
tools and the like, or they may be left unfloored, and 
their entire capacity used for the storing of hay. 
Cornell Experiment Station. i. r. Roberts. 
A Cheap and Sanitary Dairy Barn. 
The fact that sheds or stables, separate from the 
fodder barns, are found to furnish more sanitary con¬ 
ditions for the herd than the common form of barn, 
together with the introduction and more general use 
of the silo, furnish conditions destined to revolution¬ 
ize the form of dairy barns. The heavy timbering of 
a barn to be used only for the storage of fodder, is 
found to be expensive and unnecessary. The common 
barn of New England is a rectangular structure with 
a drive floor through the middle—the long way—with 
hay bays (and perhaps a silo), on one side, and cattle 
stalls on the other side of the main floor. Over one- 
third of the storage capacity is thus occupied by the 
driveway. Such a barn furnishes conditions for a 
poorly-ventilated stable, and allows the coarse fodder 
to become affected by foul odors from the stable. 
Where a barn is to be used only for storage, there is 
little need for a heavy timber frame; the balloon 
form of structure, made of 3x5 studding, will with- 
PROF. PHELPS LIKES THIS BARN. Fig. 201. 
stand all pressure from the fodder or from winds, if 
the barn is not too wide. 
For a cheaply-built barn, see floor plan, Fig. 201, 
with a capacity for 26 cow's. I would advise a main 
building 80x30 feet, with posts 18 feet high, with a 
drive floor 14 feet wide in the middle—the narrow 
w r ay—and a one-roofea leanto shed on one side for a 
stable. Such a barn can be built of studding placed 
tw'o feet apart, and the sides and roof of the main 
barn may be stiffened by running 2x4 ties from the 
middle of the rafters on each half of the roof, to the 
studding on the opposite side about two or three feet 
below' the plates. These tie pieces, for either side, 
will cross directly below the ridge of the roof, and 
this gives a good place to attach the hay track. This 
plan of tying w'ill avoid nearly all cross timbers ex¬ 
cept over the feed room. A few cross timbers may 
be needed here to support the scaffold, but these can 
be made of plank spiked together, and be strength¬ 
ened by iron trusses running to the outsides of the 
barn. By fitting in between the studding, some cross 
pieces of 2x4, the sides may be sheathed up and down, 
or a cheap covering of hemlock may be used cross¬ 
wise, and covered with clapboards. 
The cow stable, preferably facing the south, may 
be well supplied with windows, should be studded and 
sheathed similar to the main barn, and be covered 
with a tarred and sanded roof. The round silo, placed 
inside the fodder barn, will be more likely to prevent 
freezing than if such a silo were exposed out of doors. 
The space back of the silo furnishes a convenient 
place, near the stables, for box-stalls. With such a 
barn, the only heavy timbers needed would be those 
beneath the stables, and the sills of the main barn. 
Nearly all floor timbers can be of hewn material ob¬ 
tained on the farm, and if desired, all flooring under 
the large hay bay can be omitted by filling in with 
small stones and loose poles to keep the hay up from 
the ground. 
Any good joiner could estimate, within $100 or $200, 
what such a barn will cost in any particular locality. 
The direct outlay will depend on the cost of material 
and labor, and on the amount of work done by the 
ordinary help of the farm. I believe that such a barn 
can be constructed at points convenient for cheap 
freights, for $1,200 to $1,400, providing the heavy tim¬ 
bers for the main barn and stable are furnished from 
the farm. This would mean an expense of $46 to $54 
per cow, with the necessary fodder storage capacity 
included. c. s. phelps. 
Conn. Agr’l College. 
A Silo and a Shed. 
In my opinion, a long, single-storied shed with 
silo at one end, and a higher framed structure at the 
other for hay and grain is much the better. 
Since no cattle are kept in that part of the barn 
where hay is stored, tne room in this barn is all avail¬ 
able for storage of hay, grain, etc. The hay, instead 
of being stored on scaffolds above the cattle, is stored 
on the main floor of the barn itsen. It is not, there¬ 
fore, necessary to raise it as high; in other words, it 
can be much more cheaply put in. The long, narrow 
shed for cows can be much better ventilated than can 
stables in a larger framed structure with hay or other 
forage overhead. There being no cattle beneath, tne 
forage is not contaminated by the breath and steam 
from the animals, or by the fumes from manure in the 
stable. The round silo built as an independent struc¬ 
ture at one end of the stable appears, on the whole, 
to give better satisfaction than a silo of any other 
form or in any other location. I would not put a 
cellar for storage of manure beneath the shed in which 
cattle are kept. I prefer a pit, covered by a roof, at 
one end. The long, narrow shed can be much better 
lighted than the ordinary stable in a large barn, and 
sunshine is of great importance to health. The shed 
should have plenty of windows. The shed should, in 
my opinion, have a monitor roof with windows both 
above and below, and these windows should all swing 
in at the top. I would construct the roof with one or 
more dead-air spaces, in order to keep the stable 
warmer in Winter and cooler in Summer than would 
otherwise be the case. Wherever the nature of the 
location makes it possible, I would construct that part 
of the barn designed for the storage of hay so as to 
drive in on a level with the plates of the building .n 
order that the hay may be cheaply stored. 
Mass. Ag’l College. wm. p. brooks. 
A Massachusetts man recently left by will $1,000 to his 
native town, to be held in trust for “the silent poor.” 
Basket-making gives employment in Germany to over 
40,000 people, and a large area of swampy land is now 
utilized in osier culture. The business uses the growth 
ot over 48,000 acres of willows. 
New Crops. — I have sowed 14 acres of cow peas and 
Soy beans of various kinds. I expect to sow a few more. 
They are the first grown in this part of the State, I 
think. I also sowed six acres of Alfalfa last Spring. 
Ohio. W. W. FARNSWORTH. 
A southern negro named Minus White recently made 
a great splurge by pulling out a great roll of money, and 
lighting his cigar with $2 and $5 notes! It was found that 
he had just $8 in genuine one-dollar bills—the rest of his 
roll being old Confederate money! Lots of white men 
have been caught putting up a w'orse blurf than that. 
Under the New York State laws, air-guns or spring- 
guns come under an act passed by the last legislature, 
as dangerous weapons, and no person can legally give 
such a gun to any person under the age of 12 years. 
One of the most dangerous habits that a boy can ac¬ 
quire is that of pointing a real gun or an imitation, at 
his playmate. 
Gas companies exact a deposit of $5 or $10 from con¬ 
sumers to cover the value of newly-installed meters, and 
the Internal Revenue Commissioner of New York now 
decides that the receipts given for such payments are 
certificates of deposit, and must bear a two-cent revenue 
stamp. Gas companies will be required to furnish a list 
of all consumers who have received these certificates 
since July 1, 1898, and to see that all are properly 
stamped. The plain people are gaining an expensive 
familiarity with war revenue stamps, 
