586 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
TWO DAIRY PROBLEMS. 
Skim-Milk for Cows. 
1 am using a cream separator, and wish 
to feed my skim-milk to my cows. What 
ought I to feed with it to produce the best 
result for butter-making? c. a. l. q. 
Holland Patent, N. Y. 
An s.—Upon the experiment station 
side, there is very little data in regard to 
feeding skim-milk to cows. I know sev¬ 
eral dairymen who make a practice of 
giving all their spare skim-milk, and 
buttermilk as well, to the cows, and they 
claim good results therefrom. In 100 
pounds of skim-milk, there are about 
3*4 pounds of casein, y 2 pound of albu¬ 
men, 4% pounds of sugar, % pound of 
ash and a quantity of fat varying from 
1-10 to of a pound. This amount of 
average skim-milk contains about 9 
pounds of digestible food nutrients, of 
which 3 pounds are protein and the re¬ 
mainder carbohydrates and fat. The nu¬ 
tritive ratio is 1:2, or about the same as 
that of gluten meal, buckwheat middlings 
or malt sprouts. The above quantity of 
skim-milk contains nearly the same 
amount of digestible nutrients as 10 
pounds of gluten meal, or 13 pounds of 
buckwheat middlings or 15 pounds of 
malt sprouts. Since skim-milk is so 
highly nitrogenous, it can well be fed 
to narrow the nutritive ratio of a ration 
in the same way as either of the above 
feeds. 
Just how much can be fed advanta¬ 
geously, depends largely on the animal, 
since some will digest it readily, while 
others will not. Some dairymen find 
that it does not agree with some of their 
cows when fed sweet, but if fed after it 
has become a little sour, they have no 
difficulty. For this reason, they mix it 
with their buttermilk, and feed the two 
together. The same thing is found true 
in the human family—some people can¬ 
not digest sweet milk easily, while with 
buttermilk, where the development of 
acid has progressed for a time, they 
have no trouble whatever. I would not 
advise feeding, at first, more than 50 
pounds per head daily, which would be 
an ordinary pailful twice a day. From 
the figures given above, it will be seen 
that this quantity contains about 5 
pounds of dry food substance, and is 
equivalent in food nutrients to 5 pounds 
of gluten meal, 6 y 2 pounds of buckwheat 
middlings, or 7 y 2 pounds of malt 
sprouts. I have named these feeds be¬ 
cause they have about the same nutri¬ 
tive ratio as skim-milk. Comparison 
could be made with the total food nu¬ 
trients in other grains, but as the nutri¬ 
tive ratio is different, the comparison 
might be misleading. Bearing in mind 
the amount of actual food in skim-milk, 
the feeder can then make up the remain¬ 
der of his ration from any feeds at his 
command. 1 would suggest, however, 
that wheat bran always be fed in order 
to counteract any possible constipating 
effect of the milk. And if this effect is 
found troublesome, it would be well to 
feed a little oil meal, say one-half pound 
or so daily. Let the cows drink the milk 
as they would water, and feed the grain 
dry. L. a. 
How to Thicken Cream. 
How can I make thick cream from deep- 
set or separator milk, and have it whip? 
Our customers want thick cream, such as 
they get in New York. I can make it thick 
;nough with a separator, but not at a profit. 
Groton, N. Y. e. s. t. 
Ans. —It is not usual that cream raised 
by the deep-setting system is difficult to 
whip. This cream has been subjected to 
a low temperature for so long a time 
that it usually whips well, and appears 
thicker than fresh separator cream of 
the same degree of richness. The thin¬ 
ner condition of separator cream is due 
not only to its fresher state and higher 
temperature, but also to the distribution 
of the fat globules. A microscopical ex¬ 
amination of normal gravity cream 
shows the fat globules to be assembled 
in small and irregular groups, while in 
separator cream, this grouping is greatly 
reduced, and approaches to the even dis¬ 
tribution of the fat globules as is found 
in Pasteurized cream. It is a well-known 
fact that' Pasteurized cream, even though 
rich in fat, appears thin, and lacks the 
whipping quality to a much greater de¬ 
gree than separator cream. 
By experiment, it has been found that 
substances may be added which will re¬ 
store the consistency and whipping qual¬ 
ity of such cream, and it is observed 
that, with this change, the fat globules 
are grouped together in much the same 
manner as in normal gravity cream. 
The conclusions then are that the con¬ 
sistency of cream and its whipping qual¬ 
ity depend upon the fat globules being 
grouped in masses or clots; the sepa¬ 
rator partly, and the Pasteurizing tem¬ 
perature wholly, destroys these groups, 
and even distributes the fat globules 
throughout the cream, at the same time 
depriving th$ cream of its consistency 
and whipping quality; if a substance 
can be added which will again group the 
fat globules, the consistency and whip¬ 
ping quality are restored. 
Among the substances recommended 
to bring about this change, the most ser¬ 
viceable and easiest prepared is a mix¬ 
ture of sugar and lime called viscogen. 
This was first suggested by Dr. Babcock, 
of the Wisconsin Experiment Station, 
and its preparation is thus described in 
the Thirteenth Annual Report of that 
Station: V‘Two and one-half parts by 
weight of a good quality of granulated 
sugar are dissolved in five parts of 
water, and one part of quicklime grad¬ 
ually slaked in three parts of water. 
This milk of lime should be poured 
through a wire strainer to remove 
coarse, unslaked particles, and then be 
added to the sugar solution. The mix¬ 
ture should be agitated at frequent in¬ 
tervals, and after two or three houis, al¬ 
lowed to settle until the clear superna¬ 
tant fluid can be siphoned off. The clear 
liquid (viscogen) should be kept in well- 
stoppered bottles, which are filled full 
for the reason that it absorbs carbonic 
acid from the air, thus reducing its 
strength, also because, where air has 
access to the solution, it darkens in color 
after a time.” 
The amount of viscogen required in 
the cream is usually about 1 part to 
150 of cream. The substance is perfectly 
harmless, but cream treated with it 
should not be offered for sale without 
some statement as to the manner in 
which the cream has been prepared. 
Milk or cream to which any foreign sub¬ 
stance has been added, is considered 
adulterated according to New York State 
law, but there should be no legal objec¬ 
tion to selling cream treated with vis¬ 
cogen, providing the customer knows 
what he is purchasing. While viscogen 
is helpful in restoring the consistency of 
separator or Pasteurized cream having 
a high per cent of fat, I am not at all 
sure that it will have a like effect on 
cream containing a low per cent of fat. 
A little experimenting will show this. 
l. a. 
"Oak-Gkub Butter.”— A Michigan man 
was heard to refer to “oak-grub butter,” 
much to the astonishment of a city man 
who was present. Something happened to 
break up the conversation before the 
stranger could ask any questions, and he 
has been puzzling his brains ever since to 
imagine how “oak-grub butter” is made. 
One of the natives explains that it is but¬ 
ter from cows pastured on the sprouts and 
brush on land where oak trees have been 
grubbed out. Is this the case? 
August 12 
Gain A Second 
—when your horse is fast seconds 
count on a record. 
A little stiffness or soreness in leg or body 
may lose seconds and lienee lose a record. 
Chills, congestion and inflammation are the 
enemies of speed. 
used in dilute form 
- has no superior as a 
UmmI and pndursed leg ant | body wash. 
* Apply to the legs and 
1 bandage lightly. Ap¬ 
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congestion, and produces flexibility 
and firmness of muscles and tendons. 
For sale at all druggists. Sample 
bottle mailed for 6e to pay postage. 
Veterinary Experience—full of valu¬ 
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Dr. S. A. Tuttle, 30 Beverly St. Boston, Mass. 
BEWARE otali no-called Elixirs, 
none genuine but Tuttles. 
»vvvvvi 
lallei 
lorsess 
It b the best. You will swear to this fact if you 
will try CALL POWDER. 60 oentaby mni 1. 
MOORE BROS. ALBANY N. Y.^ 
BEFORE BUYING Scn<1 5 cents 
stamps for postage 
on catalogue of 
100 styles of single 
and double OAK- 
TAN Mill leather 
harness. 
Sold direct, to consumers at wholesale prices. 
KING HARNESS COMPANY, Mfrs., 
212 Church St., Owego, N. Y. 
Trade 
Mark 
LUMPJAWl 
Easily and thoroughly eared. 
New, com mon-sense method, i 
not expensive. >• nra , 
pay. FREE. A practical, ill-. 
ustrated treatise on the abso¬ 
lute cure of Lump Jaw, free to ' 
read ers of th i spaper. 
Fleming liroa, chemists, 
Talon Stock Tarda, Chicago, 111. 
Newton's ffkW rPTli' 
Improved LU W 1IL 
Holds them firmly, draws 
them forward when lying 
down, pushes back when 
standing, gives freedom 
of head, keeps them clean 
K. G. NEWTON CO. 
Batavia, Ill. Catalogue Frer 
Breeders’ Directory. 
White Wyandottes Exclusively.— 
Write wants. Spencer’s Poultry Farm, Phenlx, H. I. 
For Sale— 14 Purebred Short-born 
Calves, three to four months old, all good Reds, 10 
Heifers and four Bulls, out of our next lot, now 
ready to ship at fanners’ prices. 
ISON & LITSEY, Harrodsburg, Ky 
I CfiUnDNQ-Wblte and Buff. 200 Hens for 
LLUnUmlO sale at II each. Show birds. $2 
and *3. DELLHUR8T FARM8, Mentor, Ohio. 
II HI QTEI Id Q—Show animals, all ages, large rich 
IIU L0 I LI fl 0 milking Butter-Bred Herd. 
Ckrnncltlrac Ham and ewe lambs. Price $8 to 
dniUpdlMlCb $io each. A Iso young Short-horn 
Bull. P. C.Pigs 13 to$5 ea. W.A.LOTH ICRS,Lack,Pa. 
GUERNSEYS. 
84 Cows overdyed 39!) pounds 
- butter each in 1898 Some 
choice young stock for sale 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
RIllNKCLIFF, N. Y 
Registered Jersey Cattle 
For Milk and Butter. 
R. F. SHANNON, H07 Liberty St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
BLOODED LIVE STOCK 
Shoop —Oxfords, Shropshires, South- 
downs. Fancy Poultry. Plg»— 
Berkshires, Poland-Chinas, Chester 
Whites, Yorkshires. Cataloguefrte. 
H. L. HOLMES 3 Harrisburg, Pa. 
f \ I A I Write for information tel I- 
EL I La Ing how by buying one pig, 
another will he given free. 
F. H. GATES & SONS. Chittenango, N. Y 
IMPROVED CHESTER WHITES 
of the best breeding and all ages for sale at reason 
able prices. Pamphlets and prices free. 
CHAS. K. RECORD, Peterboro, N. Y 
POULTRY 
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UPUIII IU LlbC j». j, Lambert, Box307, AppOuaug.lt. I. 
THE CHAIN HANGING 
CATTLE STANCHION. 
The most practical and humane Fastener ever in¬ 
vented. Gives perfect freedom of the head. Illus¬ 
trated Circular and Price free on application. 
Manufactured by O. U. ROBERTSON, 
Forestvllle, Conn. 
New York State 
Veterinary College. 
At Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 
The best equipment for scientific and practical in¬ 
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varied practice for students in the free clinics. Regu¬ 
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Highest requirements for matriculation and gradua¬ 
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Certificate," or by examination September iq, 1899 , 
Instruction begins September 28 , 1899 . Scholarships 
available for veterinary students. 
Tuition Free to New York State Students. 
For extended announcement address 
Professor JAMES LAW, F.R.C.V.S., Director. 
CATTLE FLY OIL. 
Cattle Fly Dll, 
prepared and 
put up in gal¬ 
lon cans, ex¬ 
pressly for 
keeping Flies 
from Horses 
and Cattle 
during the 
Summer 
months. 
It is perfectly harmless, and will he found a great 
comfort to cows when milking. This mixture Is ap¬ 
plied with the Double Tube Lightning Insect Ex¬ 
terminator, which throws a very line spray of the 
oil mixture. One gallon of Cattle Fly Oil is suffi¬ 
cient to spray 500 cows; a greater How of milk Is 
guaranteed. We will express to any address one 
gallon of Cattle Fly Oil with a Double Tube Light¬ 
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The Exterminator is also adapted for killing potato 
hugs and insects of every nature. 
Speoia 1 prices for quantities. 
Seventeen Patents granted on our Sprayers. 
AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE. 
D.B.SMITH&CO.,Utica, N.Y.,U.S.A. 
CHOLERA PREVENTED AND CURED. 
Aj| Remedy cures nog Cholera, Chicken Cholera, and Is death to Worms. Package 
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NOW You may have heavy losses by waiting SCIENTIFIC REMEDY CO., Nauvoo, Ill. 
1396 HAMMOND’S 1399 
B. Hammond. New York, July 20 , 1897. 
Dear Sir: I am prejudiced against the numerous remedies or preventives of the 
fly and mosquito nuisance. Those that 1 have tried have either burned the hair off 
the animals or been wholly ineffectual. Cattle Comfort is the first thing that I 
have tried that lias been worth the trouble of applying. 1 have three cows, one 
with young calf, that pasture on the meadows lying near the hay on the south side 
of Long Island. They were nearly crazy with flies and mosquitoes, and I was about 
to take them up and feed them. Cattle Comfort has driven the flies and mosqui¬ 
toes away like magic, anti the cows have calmed down and are as docile as possible. 
My horses, working on the low meadows, were covered with cloths and nets, and 
were then nearly crazy. One application of Cat t le < om fort anti they mowed, raked, 
and carted in hay without protection, and we had no further trouble from flies, 
gnats or mosquitoes. 
I applied Cuttle Comfort to my dog, and now he is wild to roll in the cloths used 
to apply the Comfort to the cattle. I have yet to apply it to my henhouses for 
lice,etc. Yours, J. H. GRIFFITH, 
“Rural Farm,” East Roekaway, Queens Co., N. Y. 
Put lip in Quarts, 4-5c.; Gallons, $1.15; five Gallons, $5; 
and is to be diluted with an equal quantity of kerosene. For Pamphlet address 
HAMMOND’S PAINT &. SLUG-SHOT WORKS, Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, N. Y. 
Sold hyi Merchants and Seedsmen, 
