64o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
September 0 
Farmers’ Club. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure atten¬ 
tion. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper ] 
Van Deman’s Fruit Notes. 
ALL, SORTS OF QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 
Three Raspberries. 
What do you think of the following rasp¬ 
berries, as to hardiness and bearing quali¬ 
ties: German, Loudon, Snider? k . e. w. 
Saratoga Co., N. Y. 
The Loudon raspberry is one of the 
very best of all the red varieties, as re¬ 
gards hardiness and all other good 
qualities. If there is a distinct variety 
by the name “German,” I have never 
heard of 'it. European raspberries do 
not flourish in our climate, for some rea¬ 
son; neither is there any raspberry, so 
far as I know, by the name of “Snider.” 
There is a Snyder blackberry, that is one 
of the hardiest of all varieties. It is not 
so large or highly flavored as some 
kinds, but it is very good and well 
worthy of cultivation. 
Blackberries for Pennsylvania. 
1. What are the best three blackberries 
for southeastern Pennsylvania, large, fancy 
fruit only wanted? 2. Is it practicable to 
grow the Lucretla dewberry in field cul¬ 
ture? Can the vines be managed without 
too much expense? r. p. l. 
Fallsington, Pa. 
1. Kittatinny is one of the very best 
of all blackberries in all respects, ex¬ 
cept that it is quite subject to the at¬ 
tacks of the rust fungus. If this dis¬ 
ease gets a start on this variety, it is 
hard to stop. By promptly digging up 
and burning the plants that show the 
least symptoms of it, there will be lit¬ 
tle trouble from this cause. Minne- 
waski is a berry of much the same char¬ 
acter as Kittatinny. It is a little earlier, 
and is not much affected by rust. The 
fruit is large and of high quality. El¬ 
dorado is another blackberry of the very 
highest quality; the fruit is large, and 
the bushes bear well. These three make 
a fine collection of our best blackberries. 
Ohmer is a berry of equally good quali¬ 
ties, and is later than any of those men¬ 
tioned. 2. The Lucretia dewberry may 
be grown profitably in field culture. I 
was lately in a patch of several acres 
where the vines were trained to stakes. 
The plants were set six feet apart each 
way, and a stake four or five feet tall 
driven in each hill. About these stakes 
the bearing vines were wound in spiral 
form, and tied fast at the top. Culti¬ 
vation was easily done both ways, this 
requiring very little hand work to keep 
down weeds and the ground loose. 
Some growers use the trellis system, 
but it is more expensive, and requires 
more hand work. However, it is said, 
by those who have used it, to be prac¬ 
ticable. I have never grown this fruit, 
therefore, speak from observation and 
the experience of others rather than 
my own. 
Plums on Wild Plum Stocks. 
1. Can plums of good quality be either bud¬ 
ded or grafted on our common wild plum 
stocks? 2. If they can be, which is the better 
way, budding or grafting? 3. When is the 
proper time of year for it to be done 7 
Marbleton, Tenn. g. c. b. 
1. Plums of theeeveral species and types 
will all grow upon stocks of our wild 
plums, but the varieties of the European 
and Japan classes do not succeed on 
them. They overgrow the stocks. Be¬ 
sides, our native plums all sprout very 
badly from the root, and are, therefore, 
exceedingly annoying from this cause. 
Many orchardists and nurserymen will 
not use them for budding on the choice 
varieties of our native plums, although 
they grow upon them perfectly. The 
Marianna is generally used as a stock 
for the Japan and native plums. In some 
sections, it has not proved hardy, but 
it never sprouts from the root. The 
peach is often used as a stock for the 
Japan plums, but it is subject to borers, 
and the union between stock and scion 
is not always perfect. 2. Budding is 
preferable to grafting for the plum and 
all other stone fruits, as the union is 
usually better, and it is more quickly 
done. 3. Now is the time to do budding. 
As soon as the stocks are well grown, 
the wood being hard and the bark in 
such condition as to peel easily, the buds 
may be inserted. This is usually in 
August and early September, over the 
larger part of the country. 
Apples and Plums for Northern Indiana. 
What are the leading varieties of apples 
adapted to this part of the State, about 60 
miles south of the north line, of Summer, 
Fall and Winter kinds? What plums would 
be preferable? E- h. m. 
S. Whitney, Ind. 
A good list of apples for northern In¬ 
diana would be Summer Rose, Early 
Harvest, Yellow Transparent, Fanny, 
Primate, American Summer, Maiden 
Blush, Jefferis, Gravenstein, Wine, 
Grimes Golden, Jonathan, Domine, 
Stark and Tolman. These varieties are 
placed in order of ripening, and are in¬ 
tended for family use rather than mar¬ 
ket, although some of them are very 
good market apples. With regard to 
plums for culture for profit in northern 
Indiana, the native Americans are best. 
Among the most hardy and productive 
are Milton, Rockford, Stoddard, Ochee- 
da, American Eagle and Cheney. 
Chestnuts and Beechnuts in Illinois. 
Can chestnuts and beechnuts be raised in 
Lake County, Ill.? If so, state varieties 
and culture. I would like to set out along 
the fences, of which there are about five 
miles on my farm, and use the trees for 
live posts. z. h. o. 
Lake Co., Ill. 
It is probable that trees of the chest¬ 
nut and beech are now growing in 
Lake County, Ill. If not, it is my belief 
that they may be grown there. The 
beech will grow on high, dry land, either 
sandy or clay, or on low wet land, but 
the nuts will never be valuable except 
as a novelty. They are too small, and 
the trees rarely bear heavy crops. In 
some sections, I have seen them quite 
abundant on large forest trees, every two 
or three years. The chestnut does not 
live in wet land, and does best on high, 
loose land that is moderately rich. 
Sandy land is far better for it than 
that in which clay predominates. The 
question of living fence posts (trees) 
has been recently discussed in The R. 
N.-Y., and there are two sides to it. 
Trees may be utilized as posts, and it is 
a good idea to have those that will bear 
something, thus profitably occupying 
the ground they cover. But they should 
not be planted where it is not certain 
that fences will be desirable for a life¬ 
time to come. 
As to varieties of the chestnut, the 
Paragon is best, all things considered. 
Perhaps the cheapest way to get trees 
of this variety would be to buy or grow 
seedlings of the European species, and 
plant -them on the proposed lines. 
When they are three or four years old, 
cut all off to the ground in early Spring, 
and allow but one sprout to grow from 
each tree; this should be trimmed so 
as to have a tall, straight body. After 
the branches have started to form the 
top at a proper height, they should be 
grafted to Paragon. For several years 
after the burrs begin to form, they 
should be cut off in an early stage of 
their growth, for over-production, which 
is a fault of this variety, will stunt the 
tree, if it is allowed to bear all the 
nuts that are likely to set. The reason 
for preferring seedlings of the same 
species as the Paragon is that they suit 
it much better as stocks than seedlings 
of our native chestnut. It is possible 
that all of them may not be sufficiently 
hardy to withstand the severe Winters 
of northern Illinois, and I would advise 
getting Paragon nuts to plant, for the 
production of stocks. Some of them 
would, doubtless, produce good nuts; 
but it would be no safer to trust them 
to do so than seedlings of other fruits to 
produce their kind. Grafting is the only 
sure way to secure good nuts. Good, 
clean cultivation is also essential while 
the trees are young. 
Varieties of Papaw. 
Are there any valuable named varieties 
of papaw? Are there really two classes, 
the yellow and the white-fieshetl? It is 
generally supposed here that the yellow- 
fleshed are better in quality. b. b. 
Farmingdale. Ill. 
The wild papaw of the central United 
States has been very familiar to me 
from childhood. There is only one 
species, so far as I know, Asimina tri¬ 
loba, that is found in the northern and 
central States, but I have seen another 
and very small, bushy species in Florida. 
The latter bears a very small fruit, not 
over two inches long, and of far dif¬ 
ferent and inferior flavor to 'the com¬ 
mon papaw. While the subject of other 
kinds of papaws is being mentioned, it 
'is well to state that there is a very large 
fruit grown in the very warmest parts 
of Florida and California, and abund¬ 
antly in many tropical countries com¬ 
monly known as Melon papaw, and to 
science as Carica papaya. It is often 
confounded with the common papaw. 
It is an annual plant with one straight 
upright stalk, along -which the fru’its 
are borne in the axils of 'the large 
leaves. The fruit is sometimes as large 
as a small muskmelon, and resembles 
that vegetable in shape and color, and 
somewhat in flavor. Like the musk¬ 
melon, it is hollow, and contains many 
small, round seeds. I cannot pronounce 
it a delicious fruit, although some like 
the flavor very well. 
The true papaw grows on a large bush 
or small tree. One that stood near my 
old home in southern Ohio was about a 
foot in diameter of trunk, and the 
branches spread out like those of an 
apple tree. In is rare to find one half 
that size. It is strictly a North Ameri¬ 
can plant, and is found wild from west¬ 
ern New York to northern Florida, 
eastern Texas, Kansas and southern 
Michigan. The fruit varies in quality, 
size, shape and season of ripening, 
much like other wild fruits. Some are 
scarcely three inches long, and nearly 
round in shape, others are more than 
six inches long, and over two inches in 
diameter. Soil and location have some¬ 
thing to do with the size of the fruit, 
the largest being found in the rich, vir¬ 
gin soils along the creeks and rivers of 
the central States. 
The color of the flesh varies from 
creamy white to pale yellow when soft 
and ripe, but turns brown when over¬ 
ripe. Some of the most delicious papaws 
I ever ate were found hanging on the 
bushes in November when I was hunt¬ 
ing squirrels. They were late 'in ripen¬ 
ing, and had shriveled, and the flesh 
was brown. The flavor was sweet and 
delicious, having lost the peculiar “sick- 
ish” taste that freshly-ripened papaws 
have to most people. However, I like 
the flavor of the papaw in all its stages 
of full ripeness. 
So far as I know, there are no named 
varieties of the papaw, although there 
are some that might well deserve such 
distinction. It would, probably, be 
easy to propagate such by budding or 
grafting, but I do not think it has been 
tried. Those who have really choice 
varieties within reach, should propagate 
them and make them known to the pub¬ 
lic, for this is a good fruit that is neg¬ 
lected, except perhaps, to spare a tree or 
bush occasionally in clearing land of its 
natural growth. 
If you are a farmer or want to be one, 
send for the “Western Trail.” Published 
quarterly. Full of pointers as to settling 
in Kansas, Oklahoma and Indian Terri¬ 
tory. Handsomely embellished and con¬ 
cisely written. Mailed free. 
Address by postal card or letter. 
John Sebastian, G.P. A., Chicago.— Adv. 
Paragon Chestnut 
Seedlings 
the best stock on which to Kraft the improved varie¬ 
ties. All s:zes up to eight feet. W'ite for prices. 
U. M. ENGLE & SON, Marietta, Pa. 
The President Wilder Currant 
and other choice new fruits can be had at 
bottom prices of the subscriber. Send 
for descriptive list and prices to 
S. D. WILLARD, Geneva, N. Y 
TDCCC S, Dl 1 MTS at low prices- Apple. Pear, 
I lit Li 0 ( r L K II I v arl( j um, lie. Peaches, Sc 
Cat. free. Reliance Nurskry. Box 10, Geneva, N.Y. 
P OTTKD STRAWBERRY PLANTS- Glad¬ 
stone and Sample. 50c. p»r dozen. Standard sorts, 
II per 100. Miller Raspberry and Lucretia Dewberry, 
*.i.50 per 1 000. SLAYMAKKR & SON, Dover, Del. 
A I POTTED STRAWBERRY PLANTS— 
I Northern Krown. Will fruit next season. Also 
layer plants. List free. P. SPEER, Passaic, N. J. 
N EW STRAWBERRIES. Send for list. The 
Elizabeth Nursery Co , Elizabeth, N. J. 
GLADSTONE Strawberry Plants, by mall, for II. 
List free. T. C. KEVITT. Athenia. N. J. 
£500 Brandywine Strawby Pltsfl. Fruit Tree'5 toS»c. 
ea. Cat. free. C. A. Hyatt, Croton-:n-IIudson, N. Y. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS ’SlX'izSS. 
Sample. 75c. per 100: B1 k Ben, Mammoth Queen.G ar- 
sione. AuKust Luther. $1 per 100: Marsden Perry, 
fl 25 per 100; Chas. A. Green's Big Berry, il ptr dozen 
by mail: after September 10 oy express. 
JAMES LIPPINGOTT JR., Mount Holly. N.J. 
Seed Wheat —Gold Coin SI 10. Bags 
free. G. E. NORTON, Clinton, Oneida Co.. N. Y. 
SEED WHEAT 
DOES YOUR 
WHEAT 
CRINKLE? 
Circular compares yields of 17 varieties. If so, do 
not order a bushel until you see it. 
S. J. SMITH’S POTATO FARM, Manchester, N. Y. 
eed Wheat 
Pedigree Seed Wheat. Krown 
from hand-assorted seed. Send 
EED WHEAT 
P—D AWSON’S GOLDEN 
____ __J CHAFF. Last year’s yield 
> bushels per acre. Price, ecleaned: Two bushels 
10 ; four or more bushels <1 per bushel and pay for 
;s, 15c. each; f. o. b. at Grafton. Oh o. Cash with 
IryThem 
HEATS 
ND SEE 
Most popular, largest yielding, and strongest-strawed 
sorts grown. Clawson Longberry, Jones Longberry, 
No 1" Oatka, Pedigree Genesee Giant Early Arca¬ 
dian, and others Send for descriptive price-list to 
A. N. JONES, Newark, Wayne County, N. \, 
□ 
Business Trees S Best Trees 
plSbuy RKB THE ROGERS NURSERIES® 
□ 
The October Purple Plum. 
Luther Burbank’s latest and best production. We are 
the introducers and can furnish first-class stock at lowest 
prices. We have 500 acres in nursery stock—shade trees, 
fruit trees, ornamental trees, shrubs and small fruit plants, in 
fact anything you can ask for. Catalogue, with colored plate 
picture of October Purple Plum, free. Write to-day. 
STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., Box 10, New Canaan, Conn. 
finer lot of Peac-li Trees in the U. S., grown on the bank of Lake 
:rie two miles from any peach orchards, guaranteed free from sea . 
orers, yellows, aphis, etc. Large stock of Fear, I lum, PP » 
Hierry, Quiuce, Etc. Immense supply of Small l<ruit 
luudred of Carloads of - 
Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. 
O Acres Hardy Hoses, none better grown. 44 greenhouses filled 
ith Palms, Ficus, Perm:, Hoses, litc. Large importation Mol- 
*mi Bulbs in season. 43 years, 1000 Acres. Correspond' >ce and por- 
THE STORRS & HARR'SON CO., Painesville, Ohio. 
