720 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October 14 
Farmers’ Club. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure atten¬ 
tion. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Van Deman’s Fruit Notes. 
ALL SORTS OF QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 
Starting a Nursery; Varieties. 
1 . 1 wish to start a small nursery at once. 
Seedlings for budding stock, or for whole 
root grafts, are not to be had. Is it not 
a practice of commercial nurserymen to 
take simple sections of root from a large 
tree, and store in cellars for Winter 
grafting, to be set in nursery rows in 
Spring? Are not these the common “piece- 
root grafts”? 2. What varieties would 
you especially recommend for central Ver¬ 
mont, the orchard to give an all-the-year- 
’round family supply, and a surplus for 
market, the number of trees to be 50 to 75? 
3. What are the most desirable Winter 
sweet apples? 4. Would the Bartlett pear 
be likely to thrive with us? Flemish 
Beauty is hardy here. e. h. s. 
East Corinth, Vt. 
1. No nurseryman of practical experi¬ 
ence would think of using roots from 
orchard trees for propagation. Those 
from two or three-year-old nursery trees 
are little better. I tried some once as an 
experiment, and they were almost a 
complete failure. It seems to me likely 
that some of the western seedling nur¬ 
serymen have good apple seedlings to 
sell yet. Piece-root grafts are made 
from pieces, usually about three inches 
long, of one or two-year-old seedlings. 
2. A good list of apples for central 
Vermont, for general use, would be: One 
Red Astrachan, two Yellow Transpar¬ 
ent, one Early Joe, two Williams, two 
Chenango, one Summer Pearmain, two 
Maiden Blush, two Wealthy, one Saint 
Lawrence, one Wolf River, two Mc¬ 
Mahon, three Fameuse, five Grimes 
Golden, five Hubbardston, five Esopus, 
10 Rhode Island Greening, five Sutton, 
10 Baldwin, five Swaar, 10 Red Canada. 
These varieties are arranged almost, if 
not exactly, in order of ripening, and 
will furnish apples from the earliest to 
the latest. There are 75 trees in all, 
which will make a very good orchard for 
the average farmer. 
3. Tolman is one of the best sweet 
apples, and is a late keeper; Paradise is 
larger and more delicately flavored; 
Ramsdell is not a very late keeper, but 
is very handsomely striped with red, and 
a sure bearer; Lady Sweet is much the 
same, except that the fruit keeps later, 
but the tree is of feeble growth. 
4. The Bartlett pear is not quite so 
hardy as Flemish, and might be injured 
by the Winters occasionally in Vermont. 
Northern Spy Roots for Orchards. 
I set last Spring 1,100 apple trees, 18x20 
feet. They are all Northern Spy, in ac¬ 
cordance with the ideas and practice of 
Geo. T. Powell, which is to get a healthy, 
thrifty, early-bearing and long-lived or¬ 
chard, by setting nothing but Northern 
Spy, budding the second year to any va¬ 
riety desired. The trees are set 18x20 feet 
with the expectation of cutting out two- 
thirds of these in 12 or 15 years, leaving 
these 36x40 feet. The trees to be cut out 
are desired of the earliest bearing sorts. 
The market catered to requires a very 
early, highly-colored, large apple, at a 
good price. 
Name five to eight varieties that would 
fill these requirements. Also, 10 or 12 
Winter varieties that will bring the high¬ 
est price in market. All should be varie¬ 
ties that will do well on the south shore 
of Lake Erie within a few miles of the 
Lake. When I have settled on the varie¬ 
ties, I expect to bud from trees of known 
bearing habits. A - i. l. 
North East, Pa. 
The idea of having a good, thrifty 
tree as a stock is all right, and one that 
I have tested in a small way. Northern 
Spy makes a good stock, and so does 
Ben Davis and Red Astrachan. It seems 
to me that there are too many varieties 
called for, in both the early and late 
classes. Three or four good early kinds 
would seem to me sufficient, and four 
or five of Winter kinds. The bane of 
most commercial orchards is variety. 
There is some advantage in having sev¬ 
eral kinds, so that, if one or more fail 
to bear on certain years, others may not. 
In a local market there is less danger 
of having too many kinds than for a 
distant market. I know of no such 
thing as an apple which is “very early, 
highly colored and large.” Doubtless 
such a one would bring “a good price.” 
Red Astrachan is very early and gen¬ 
erally well colored with red, but it is 
only of medium size, and is poor in 
quality, and sometimes it does not bear 
well. Red June is equally early, is good 
in quality, and very brilliant red; but it 
is small. Summer Rose is also very 
early, handsomely striped with red, and 
a most dependable bearer, but it, too, is 
small for some uses. However, if I were 
to plant for the early market I would 
prefer either of the two latter to Red 
Astrachan. A little later, we have Will¬ 
iams, Summer King and Sops of Wine, 
all being very brilliant red, good varie¬ 
ties to bear, and of fair quality. Still a 
little later we have Jefferis and Chenan¬ 
go, which are both very handsome and 
of high quality. 
As to Winter apples for profit, the de¬ 
mand is very largely for those which are 
red. Baldwin has long been the leading 
variety for this purpose planted as far 
north as the shores of Lake Erie, but 
there is a growing dissatisfaction with 
it, because of its uncertainty in bearing, 
and then spasmodic overbearing. Hub¬ 
bardston is one that is well liked in the 
market, and is of excellent quality, al¬ 
though not so late a keeper as some 
others. Sutton is another and newer 
apple which behaves well in the or¬ 
chard, and is liked by all who have 
tried it. York Imperial has not been 
tested so much as Sutton so far north, 
but I believe it to be a more profitable 
apple for the regions where the Baldwin 
has long held sway. In central and 
southern Pennsylvania it is considered 
the very best Winter apple, and if I 
were intending to make an orchard for 
Winter market in northern Pennsyl¬ 
vania or western New York, I would use 
York Imperial very largely. Jonathan 
would be another variety that I would 
plant. It is very brilliantly colored, and 
as good as it looks. No apple in Amer¬ 
ica will sell for more money, nor give 
better satisfaction to both grower and 
consumer. It may be that some of the 
newer kinds from Arkansas and other 
sections would be suitable for the de¬ 
sired use in Pennsylvania, but it would 
not be wise more than to test them. Of 
such, it might be well to try Oliver, Col¬ 
lins, Beach, Arkansas, Akin, Babbitt and 
Bradford. All these are red, and are 
good in most places where they have 
been tried. If a yellow apple is de¬ 
sired (and I think a small quantity 
would meet with ready sale), Grimes 
would be my choice. It is a reliable 
and constant bearer, and is so beautiful 
and so delicious in flavor that any one 
who once sees and tastes it will wish for 
more. 
Now, as to varieties for the temporary 
trees, those to be cut out when the 
others need their room. There are sev¬ 
eral that will answer this purpose. 
Wagener would be my first choice. It is 
a late keeper; red, rich subacid flavor; 
and bears remarkably soon. Wealthy 
will bear early; is handsomely red- 
striped; fairly good in quality; but will 
not keep later than October or Novem¬ 
ber if growing in the region of Lake 
Erie. Missouri may be as good or bet¬ 
ter than Wagener, but it has not been 
tested so far north, except in a very 
limited way. It is very handsome, and 
an exceedingly early and heavy bearer, 
and a good keeper. Yellow Transparent 
is one of the very earliest kinds to bear, 
and ripens very early, too, but it is not 
red, and is quite tender in flesh. How¬ 
ever, for a local market, where there is 
little danger of injury from rough hand¬ 
ling, and for those who like a light- 
colored apple of that season, it is very 
suitable. Summer Rose and Red June 
would do well for working on the tem¬ 
porary trees, as they both bear early. 
Fruits for Oklahoma. 
1. Can Japan persimmons be successfully 
grown and fruited without protection in 
central Oklahoma? 2. What varieties of 
pears do you recommend for a commercial 
orchard in Oklahoma? 3. What varieties 
of apples are advisable for commercial 
orchard? J. d. t. 
Hilton, Oklahoma. 
1. It is probable that some of the 
hardier varieties of the Japan persim¬ 
mons will be hardy as far north as cen¬ 
tral Oklahoma. The largest trees of this 
fruit I have ever seen, which were fully 
12 feet high, were in the southern part 
of Indian Territory, on the farm of one 
of the “squaw men,” as white men who 
marry Indians are called. The owner 
told me that it had never been injured 
by the Winters, and had borne abun¬ 
dantly. It was then laden with fruit. 
The hardiest, and among the best in 
flavor, of the 20 or more varieties grown 
in America, are Zengi, Tanenashi and 
Yedoichi. They seem to grow better 
when grown on our native seedling 
stocks than upon seedlings of their own 
species. But the stocks should be young 
nursery seedlings, and not old sprouts 
dug from about the wild trees. By 
using proper methods and care in graft¬ 
ing, scions may be set in the wild trees 
with success. 
2. The same pears that are good for 
profit in most sections of the country are 
(Continued on next page.) 
For the land’s sake—use Bowker’s 
Fertilizer.— Adv. 
Pedigree Strawberries 
Recommended to all strawberry growers by Rubai 
New-Yorkkk March 11, '99, and praised by it July 17 
'97 and July 16. '98. Weofle r JOK,CARRIE SILVERS. 
STELLA and REBA In pot^grown plants at 25o each. 
$2 per do/,., $5 per 100: and ROBBIE and NETTIE, the 
oest late strawberries yet Introduced, at 25c. each, $2 
per do* , $6 per 100. Plants to be all pot-grown and to 
be delivered after July 1st. Order quick; stock limited 
JOS. H. BLACK , SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
Currant Plants for sale 
At 912.50 per 500 
I For early planting. Order now. Huml 
I New Yorker says ; '* Ke<J Cross is the best 
I of ail old or new. currants for mldsc-ason.” 
N. Y. Experiment Station says it is large 
and productive. 
We are headquarters fbr Loudon redl 
raspberry plants. Apple free* fori 
|fhe million; dwarf and standard 
near trees In surplus at sacrifice prices. 
iWe orferall8mal] fruits,and everything Tor 
the orchard, park or garden. Send for our 
largest and best fruit book and catalogue- 
GHEEN‘8 NURSERY CO., Rocliwlrr, K.\. 
CJRCEH'S TRUES (TROW and a ft True to Hame. 1 
Fall Grains 
need a good start to stand 
the winter ; therfore feed 
them well in the beginning. 
This will produce hardy 
plants with plump grain. A 
good fertilizer should contain 
plenty of 
Potash 
Potash increases stiffness of 
stalk and plumpness of grain. 
Our books tell the rest — sent free. 
GERMAN KALI WORKS, 
93 Nassau Street, New York. 
Jadoo Fibre and Jadoo Liqnid 
Will give you Early Crops and Large Crops 
of Vegetables or Fruit. Bend for Catalogues 
and be convinced of the merits of these 
new Fertilisers. 
THE AMERICAN JADOO CO., 
815 Fairmount Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 
STRAWBERRIES ALL THE SUMMER. 
A new way of treating thepfantsto make them 
yield all the Summer without additional expense. 
An entirely new and successful system. The book 
of full particulars tor 50 cents. Address 
O. P. FRADKNRURGU, Liberty. N. Y. 
y-t -f . CABBAGE 
Plants LETTUCE. 
Cheap in Large Lots 
J. IJNTHICUM, Woodwardvi 1 !e, A. A. Co.,Md. 
i O NEW YORK STRAWBERRY PLANTS by 
mall for II. T. C KKVITT, Athenia, N. Y. 
ypppri at Wholesale prices. Apple, Plum and 
I ilLLo Rears, $6 per 100; Peach, 3c. Cat. Free 
I Hkhu jteji al ,ce Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N. Yi 
PEACH 
TDCCQ Tine stock; low 
• prices. Write for 
Planters’ Special Price-List. Tells 
about the wonderful frost-p oof I RO N MOUNTAIN 
Peach. LINDSLEY'S NURSERY.White Bouse N.J. 
The President Wilder Currant 
and other choice new fruits can be had at 
bottom prices of tbe subscriber. Send 
for descriptive list and prices to 
L- rk iiri ■ ¥ i nn fiotiAvu Y. 
Grape Vines 
Descriptive and Price List free. 
Currants, Gooseberries and other Small 
Fruit Plants. Extraquality. Warranted true. 
T. S. HURBAUO CO., FKBDON1A, N. *• 
FALL PLANTING. 
Our CATALOGUE tells all about the Trees. Plants and Vines that can be' P 1 *]^ withi safety'inithe 
Fall, and explains why you should plant at this season. It will be mai.ed 8 REE. Send >our a 
T. J. DWl’ER & SON, Box 1, Cornwall, N V. 
■j ■ n . ■ ■ now. and we are ready any time to help you. 
n3rQ AT IT Abundant rains, easy digging, an early ^start, 
n 
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get full value in trees for your money to _ T1 . V6V , lrv 7 
THE ROGERS NUKsEKIES, TREE BREEDERS, DANSV1LLK, N. Y._ 
« j-*. w m Grand lot of trees, free from borers, scale, aphis, yellows, 
PEACH «£ ■SlRA'^aSSssa?: 
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs. 
4 © acres Hardy Ro«e«. 44 Greenhouses filled with Palm8, Ficus, Ferns, Pandanus, 
Roses, etc. Correspondence solicited. Catalogue and Price List free. 
The STORRS & HARRISON CO., Painesville, O. 
The October Purple Plum. 
Luther Burbank’s latest and best production. We are 
the introducers and can furnish first-class stock at lowest 
prices. We have 500 acres in nursery stock—shade trees, 
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STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., Box 10, New Canaan, Conn. 
BUY DIRECT FROM THE GROWER 
AND GET FRESH, HEALTHY STOCK AT LOW PRICES. 
Harrison’s goods are grown In Harrison’s Nurseries. 
THE VICTOR PEACH, earliest, very hardy, fine 
large fruit, good shipper. THE KIEFER I EAR— 
great money maker, vigorous, productive, handsome fruit; 
ripens late, keeps long. Get Particulars of these and other 
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HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 29, Berlin, Md. 
