768 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 4 
Farmers’ Club. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to Insure atten¬ 
tion. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
"A Breach of Contract.” 
O. M. H., N. Ferrisburg, Vt.—A owns some 
stock which he hires B to pasture, in B’s 
pasture, and pays him for it. B then sells 
the pasture to C, and gives a warrantee 
deed. C then orders A to take his stock 
out of said pasture. Will A be obliged to 
do so? 
Ans. —In our opinion, if B took A’s 
stock to pasture in his pasture, at a 
given price, and accepted pay from A 
therefor, he is personally liable to A, 
on his contract to pasture the stock. If 
B sell the pasture to C, without reserv¬ 
ing the right to pasture A’s cattle or 
stock therein, C has a legal right to 
order A to remove his stock, and A will 
be obliged to uo so. It is simply a 
breach of contract on the part of B, and 
A will be obliged to look to him for re¬ 
dress of the damages suffered. Had A 
hired the pasture of B at so much an 
acre for a stipulated time, then A could 
have enforced the contract, and kept the 
stock in the pasture until his lease was 
up. 
Cannas. Dahlias and Chrysanthemums. 
H. P. II-, Vine Orovc, if?/.—Name a few of 
the best varieties of the following: Canna, 
white, red, yellow; Dahlias, white, red, 
yellow; Chrysanthemums, dark, red, 
cream, yellow. 
Ans.— The best “white” Canna is, we 
think, Alsace; the flowers are sulphur 
yellow on first opening, changing to 
creamy white afterwards. Personally, 
we do not care so much for it as for 
the reds and yellows. Several years ago 
some dealers are said to have sent out 
a snow-white Canna, so-called, which 
was really the East Indian Garland- 
flower, Hedychium coronarium. This 
belongs to the botanical family which 
includes the banana, ginger, Canna, and 
arrowroot, so that it is a near relation; 
its white flowers are deliciously fra¬ 
grant, but though it endures our Sum¬ 
mers well enough, it is not a satisfac¬ 
tory bedding plant. Flamingo, Chicago, 
Alphonse Bouvier, Triumph and Tarry- 
town (the latter very dwarf), are good 
red-flowered Cannas; Eldorado, our 
choice in yellow. Premier and Souvenir 
d’Antoine Crozy are fine sorts, with yel¬ 
low-bordered red flowers. This list does 
not include Orchid-flowered Cannas; of 
these we would choose Italia, Austria, 
Allemania and America. 
Among white Dahlias, Mrs. Peart and 
Henry Patrick are fine varieties of the 
Cactus type, while Snowclad is a charm¬ 
ing white of the Pompon class. Wm. 
Agnew (Cactus) is one of the finest reds 
we know. Cochineal, Lyndhurst, Crim¬ 
son Giant and Glare of the Garden are 
vivid reds; Zulu, a rich velvety maroon. 
Black Prince is another maroon. Clif¬ 
ford W. Bruton is one of the finest yel¬ 
lows; Wm. Pearce is another good one. 
The inquirer does not ask for pink 
Dahlias, but Nymphaea, shell pink, and 
Miss May Lomas, white suffused with 
lavender, are too pretty to be omitted. 
H. P. H. does not tell us whether he 
desires a selection of Chrysanthemums 
for cut flowers or plants. For an ama¬ 
teur, however, we would suggest the fol¬ 
lowing: White, Ivory, Marie Louise, 
Niveus, The Queen, Mme. F. Bergmann; 
red, J. Shrimpton, Fisher’s Torch; very 
deep crimson, G. W. Childs; red and yel¬ 
low, Robert Mclnnes; yellow, Golden 
Wedding, Eugene Dailledouze, Major 
Bonnaffon, Charles Davis, Yellow Queen, 
W. H. Lincoln. Better include cream 
under white, but Philadelphia, an im¬ 
mense creamy incurved flower, shading 
5 Send us a club of four subscriptions with 
$4; and we will advance your own sub. 
r scription one year free. New yearly sub- 
TOI scribers to The R. N.-Y. will now get the 
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received until January 1, 1901, Get up 
a club. 
to yellow at the tips, may be added. 
Among pinks, Mrs. Perrin, Dorothy 
Toler, Good Gracious, Mrs. E. G. Hill 
and Maud Dean are all good. Among 
early sorts, blooming by October _n the 
North, are Mrs. Craige Lippincot:, very 
fine large yellow; Mrs. J. G. Whilldin, 
Marion Henderson, and Gloriosum, yel¬ 
low; Elaine and Soeur Melanie, white; 
Mr. Wm. Barr, crimson and yellow; 
Penelope, rosy pink; Lillian Russell, sil¬ 
very pink; Chas. Delmas, brick red. 
Care of a New Lawn. 
N. T. A., West Newton, Mass.—I have a fine- 
looking lawn plot of young grass, from 
seed sown about the end of September. 
An experience with similar young grass 
at our Summer home in Maine, near the 
mouth of the Kennebec, which was winter- 
killed two years in succession, prompts the 
following question: What treatment will 
insure from winterkilling where the sur¬ 
face may be alternately covered with and 
bare of snow? Will a thin cover of coarse 
meadow hay, rye straw or strawy stable 
manure insure its safety? 
Ans. —The main thing is to prevent 
the surface from drying out by high 
cold winds. The best protection will 
undoubtedly be furnished by strawy 
stable manure carefully put on as soon 
as the ground is lightly frozen. Stable 
manure, as a general rule, is rather ob¬ 
jectionable as a lawn dressing, as it is 
likely to introduce weed seeds and pro¬ 
mote a rank early growth, which does 
not bear the heat and drought of the 
Summer well, but it is indispensable for 
the Winter protection of newly-sown 
lawns. A good complete fertilizer, or 
pure ground bone and wood ashes, ap¬ 
plied separately, will in time produce a 
thick and lasting sward. 
Questions About Sage. 
C. n. F., Mich.—l. What is the culture of 
sage by the acre, and the amount of seed 
required, the time required to mature as 
a main crop from seed, and the average 
yield per acre? 
Ans. —Sage is not often grown as a 
main crop, as there is usually plenty of 
time to set the plants after early peas, 
beets or cabbages. We have no data 
regarding the amount of seed required 
for an acre. The seed is sown early in 
April in rich mellow ground, in rows 10 
or 12 inches apart, and carefully culti¬ 
vated and kept free of weeds until large 
enough to transplant, which may be 
from the middle of June until the latter 
part of July. The soil should be well 
fertilized and worked up very fine. The 
plants may be set in rows two or three 
feet apart, the latter, of course, if horse 
cultivators are to be used. They should 
stand about eight or 10 inches apart in 
the row. Keep them well worked, first 
with a fine rake or wheel hoe, and later 
with tools that go a little deeper. Cul¬ 
tivation should be kept up well until 
the plants begin to meet across the 
rows, which ought to be in September. 
Then cut out every alternate row, make 
up into bunches—each large plant 
should make two bunches—and sell or 
dry, according to the state of the mar¬ 
ket. Within a few weeks, or by the 
middle of October, the final cutting 
should be made. Owing to the spread¬ 
ing of the remaining rows after the first 
cutting, the crop is nearly doubled, and 
the plants do not drop their leaves for 
want of light and air, which they would 
do if they remained crowded. 
Why Do Potatoes Vary ? 
L. S. MoL., Orand Island, Neb. —Will pota¬ 
toes mix in the hill? If not, why so many 
forms of the same variety? I do not be¬ 
lieve that they will, but cannot soive tin's 
problem. 
Ans. —If there is one fact in horticul¬ 
ture that seems well established, it is 
that neither potatoes nor any other bulb 
or tuber will mix or cross-breed in the 
hill or in any portion of the plant ex¬ 
cept the blossom, by receiving pollen 
from plants of another variety. Most 
plants have the property of increasing 
by vegetative or asexual reproduction, 
and the potato possesses it in a high de¬ 
gree. A potato is only a thickened por¬ 
tion of root, having a number of “eyes” 
or vegetative buds on its surface, and 
containing a quantity of stored-up nour¬ 
ishment for their use. It should be 
practically identical with the parent 
tuber that produced the plant, and with 
each potato that grows on that particu¬ 
lar plant, but there is a certain latitude 
of variation caused by change from 
heavy to light soil, conditions of growth 
and fertilization of different plants or 
hills, compression of individual tubers, 
etc. Most varieties of potatoes now cul¬ 
tivated are of hybrid origin, which must 
increase the tendency to individual vari¬ 
ation to some extent. 
Some Leading Ensilage Questions. 
J. II. R., Portland, Me.— 1. Now that the 
season for cutting ensilage corn in this 
section is over, we find that there are 
some things that we would like to know. 
The season in Maine is short, and our ex¬ 
perience with four kinds of corn for the 
silo is that it is difficult to grow large 
varieties of corn with tall stalks, and still 
have full kernels on the ears. By Sep¬ 
tember 15 silos should be full, and from 
May 15 to 20 is as early as it is safe to 
plant. The Red-cob variety furnished no 
well-formed kernels; the Learning had 
satisfactory ears on only a portion of the 
field; the Sanford and Stowell’s Ever¬ 
green did not produce sufficient quantity 
of fodder to the acre. Is there any variety 
better adapted to our climate? Our land 
was in good condition, and we would like 
to know whether, had fertilizer been used 
in planting, the corn would have been 
likely to mature earlier? 
2. Where over 200 tons of ensilage are 
cut, what power and what cutter is best 
to be used? We had a Baldwin 14A cutter 
and two-horse Grey & Son horse-power. 
Where the corn stalks are large and crook¬ 
ed it would take more than 10 days, on an 
average, to cut this amount of ensilage. 
This seems too long to us. Can we gear 
up our cutter in any way to do the work 
in better time? Would a larger cutter let 
the corn through faster, without being too 
much for our power? As we have it ar¬ 
ranged, there is decidedly too much work 
for the person who feeds. What improve¬ 
ments can we make? What is the best 
power where electricity cannot be had, so 
that there will not be too much risk from 
fire? Is the ensilage any better cut in 
one-half inch pieces than that cut one 
inch ? 
Ans. —1. In central New York Sibley’s 
Pride of the North is one of the best 
varieties grown for ensilage. If it is 
found that the season is too short for 
the development of the corn, the liberal 
use of phosphoric acid will hasten the 
period of ripening from one to two 
weeks. Nitrogen in abundance retards 
the period of maturity, and should be 
used somewhat sparingly where the sea¬ 
son is short. 
2. In cutting corn for ensilage, an en¬ 
gine of at least six horse power should 
be used. A two-horse-power engine is 
entirely too small to do the work rapid¬ 
ly. Gearing the cutter up will not help, 
because you have not the power suffi¬ 
cient to run the high gearing. A larger 
cutter would undoubtedly let it through 
faster, but the faster it goes through 
the more power will be required. Many 
farmers who have no engine of their 
own of sufficient power, hire thrashing 
engines by the day to do the work, and 
in this way they are saved the expense 
of purchasing. The best power is un¬ 
doubtedly the steam engine. The en¬ 
silage is no better cut in one-half-inch 
lengths than when cut one inch long. 
L. A. CLINTON. 
For the land’s sake—use Bowker’s 
Fertilizer.— Adv. 
Treatment for Sick Trees. 
L. E. 8., Sharon, Conn. —Can you tell me 
what to do with some of our elms? Two 
years ago some of the trees were badly 
attacked by the beetle, from which they 
never have recovered. I am anxious to 
do something to save these trees. Some 
are too large to dig around, as it would 
leave an unsightly place on the green. 
Can you tell me what to do to bring back 
the foliage another year? 
Ans. —It would be well to have the 
top of the injured trees thinned by a 
competent pruner, in order to reduce 
the vegetative surface considerably, and 
to make an application of a good com¬ 
plete chemical fertilizer under the trees, 
covering the surface well under the en¬ 
tire spread of the branches. The fer¬ 
tilizer can be applied well in February 
on the snow, if possible, and the Spring 
rains will carry it to the surface roots. 
A later application just before the buds 
swell would also be beneficial. Prompt 
results cannot be looked for without a 
thorough tearing up of the soil, which is 
objectionable, but persistent applica¬ 
tions of fertilizer ought to start the 
trees into new growth unless they are 
too far gone. 
The Western Agriculturist says that the 
best estimates place the amount of cattle 
in this country now at 28,000,000. This is 
a decrease of 9,000,000 from 1890. In the 
meantime, the population of the United 
States has increased 14,000,000, so that there 
are now 365 cattle to each 1,000 population, 
against 589 to every 1,000 in 1890. 
Preserves 
f 
A [—fruits, Jellies, pickles or catsup nre 
— more easily, more quickly, more 
healthfully sealed with Retina 
Vl Paraffine Wax than by any other 
\WI method. Dozens of other uses will be 
V^foundfor Reflned 
S 
Paraffine Wax 
in every household. It is clean, 
tasteless and odorless—air, water 
and acid proof. Get a pound cake of 
It with a list of its many uses 
from your druggist or grocer. 
Bold everywhere. Made by 
STANDARD OIL CO. 
Jadoo Fibre and Jadoo Liqnid 
Will give you Early Crops and Large Crops 
of Vegetables or Fruit. Send for Catalogues 
and be convinced of the merits of these 
new Fertilizers. 
THE AMERICAN JADOO CO., 
816 Falrmount Avenue. Philadelphia, Pa. 
Plants 
CABBAGE 
AND 
LETTUCE. 
Cheap in Large Lots. 
J. LINTUICDM, Woodwardville, A. A. Co., Md. 
fl NEW YORK STRAWBERRY PLANTS by 
mall for $1. T. C KKVITT, Athenia, N. Y. 
TREES 
at Wholesale prices. Apple, Plum and 
Pears, 10 per 100; Peach, 3o. Cat. Free 
Reliance Nursery, Box 10. Geneva, N. Y, 
Choice Fruit Trees, Vines, Shrubs, Plants, Bulbs, 
etc. Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List, Free. 
S. E. HALL, Cherry Valley, Ill. 
nr A nil TQCEQ -t,ne year from bud. 2 J£c. and 
iLnUrl I iiLLO up—all leading varieties 
R. S. JOUNSTON, Box 4, Stockley, Dei. 
Apple Seedlings. 
We offer the following grades: 
First-class, 3-16 inch and up, straights. 
Second class, 2-16 to 3-16 inch, straights. 
Branched, 3-16 inch and tip. 
These Seedlings are equal to any on the market, 
and offered at reasonable prices. We also have 
a large stock of Root Grafts. Address 
F. S. PHOENIX, Bloomington, Ill. 
PA LL PLAN 77/VC. 
Our CATALOGUE tells all about tbe Trees, Plants and Vines that can be planted with safety in the 
Fall, and explains why you should plant at this season. f3f” It will be rnaied FREE. Send your address 
T. J. DWYER & SON, Box 1, Cornwall, N Y. 
n 
LL 
Abundant Rains take (though true when ad. was 
, 7 J — In our ad. last week was a mis- 
n 
I written , but the rest is all right. We are ready for your orders. If you have I 
_I nvt been able to ‘ make connections earlier, we can help you mase up fori stl _ _ 
time wit prompt shipment and good st> ck. and get it to you in good season for successful Fall plant¬ 
ing. Remember tbe name and the place to buy. 
THE ROGERS sUKoERIES, TREE BREEDERS, DANSVILLE, N. Y. 
^etc. advertise themselves. The best always cheapest. 
Rave hundreds of car loads of 
iFRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES. 
40 acres hardy Roses. 44 greenhouses of Palms, 
\Ficus, Ferns, Roses, Etc. Correspondence solicited. 
Catalogue and price list free. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Painesville, Ohio. 
