8oo 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
November Is 
Farmers’ Club. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure atten¬ 
tion. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Van Deman’s Fruit Notes. 
ALL SORTS OF QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 
The Stayman Apple. 
What is the value of the Stayman apple, 
commercially? j. s. mcc. 
Fort Collins, Colorado. 
Stayman is a seedling of Winesap, and 
is so nearly like it in fruit that very few 
persons, if any, can tell them apart. 
. Those who have grown the Stayman 
most think it a little the larger. The 
quality is fully up to the best Winesap 
Standard. In bearing lit is fully the 
equal of that old favorite, and is as late 
a keeper. In color of fruit and bark the 
two varieties are almost identical, but 
in tree the Stayman is decidedly ahead; 
its style is more upright and symmet¬ 
rical. The root system is better than 
Winesap, which all fruit growers will 
hail with delight. As a commercial ap¬ 
ple I would surely recommend it as a 
substitute for Winesap, wherever that 
variety is prized. 
Advantages of Cleft Grafting. 
For general orchard grafting, which is 
preferable, the ordinary cleft grafting, or 
the method where the scions are simply in¬ 
serted under the bark? j. p. s. 
Antrim, N. H. 
Cleft or split grafting is the better 
method for general use, according to the 
finding of my own experience. It holds 
the scion in place more firmly than the 
bark methods, and can be done long be¬ 
fore the bark will peel readily enough to 
insert the scions by the latter. When 
the time comes for the bark to peel the 
average farmer and fruit grower is usual¬ 
ly very busy with other pressing work, 
and grafting is not so likely to be done. 
For late grafting, as in case of the job 
having been deferred for any reason, 
the bark methods are preferable. When 
nut trees are to be grafted, or others 
that are very difficult to graft, the bark 
methods are very much the better. In 
fact, I have found them to be so much 
better that I graft all of such in the 
latter way. 
Apples and Pears for Kentucky. 
1. Will you give me a list of apples for 
family use and for market, suitable for 
western Kentucky? Would the new Ozark 
varieties, Commerce, Black Ben Davis, 
Champion, etc., do well here? 2. What 
varieties of pears would do well here? 
Richland, Ky. l. f. f. 
1. It is probable that the new seedling 
apples, about which so much is being 
said, that originated in Arkansas, may 
prove valuable in Kentucky. That, how¬ 
ever, is yet to be proved by experience. 
I would not suggest that more than a 
few trees of each be set for trial. The 
accepted names of the varieties men¬ 
tioned are different from those used in 
the inquiry, as may be learned from a 
special report on the new apples of 
Arkansas prepared and published by the 
Experiment Station at Fayetteville. The 
varieties that I would plant in Ken¬ 
tucky, if I were going to set an apple 
orchard there, are as follows:—Ben 
Davis, York Imperial, Ingram, Rome 
Beauty, Jonathan and Grimes. The two 
latter will not keep later than about 
December in that region, but they are 
of the highest quality. The others are 
good commercial apples, and may be .de¬ 
pended upon for the main crop. 
2. Almost any of the popular pears 
wlill do quite well in Kentucky. It 
would depend largely upon whether they 
are wanted for family use or market as 
to what kinds should be planted. For 
the latter purpose, Bartlett, Secke), 
Anjou, Kieffer and Lawrence are very 
good. _ 
For the land’s sake—use Bowker’s 
Fertilizer.— Adm. 
Apples for Maryland. 
I wish to set out about two acres of Fall 
and Winter apples in light soil on the east¬ 
ern shore of Maryland. Advise me what 
you think of the following varieties, or can 
you name something better as keepers for 
this section and for market: Maryland, 
Fallawater, Stayman, Paragon, York Im¬ 
perial and Reagan (or Black Ben Davis)? 
Will they cross-fertilize each other? 
Chestertown, Md. a. a. h. 
The varieties mentioned are quite 
good for the section in which it is pur¬ 
posed to plant them. Maryland is a new 
apple that is only locally known in the 
State of that name, and is of good qual¬ 
ity; but the color, being light yellow, is 
not so popular in the market as one that 
is red. Fallawater has the latter fault, 
except that it is more greenish. It has 
the fault of being so large that the wind 
shakes off the fruit quite badly. Stay- 
man, Paragon and York Imperial are 
three very good Winter apples for Mary¬ 
land. Reagan is little known or tested 
as yet, and should not be planted, except 
in a small way for trial. The matter of 
the self-fertility of the flowers of the 
apples has been but little tested up to 
this time, and just how these particular 
varieties may be with relation to each 
other is not known. 
Raspberries and Blackberries. 
1. I have a lot of raspberry tips in the 
ground, well rooted and ready for trans¬ 
planting. Which is better, to let them re¬ 
main where they are in the ground or to 
take the tips up and heel till time for trans¬ 
planting comes in the Spring? 2. What is 
your opinion regarding the Early King 
blackberry as to hardiness? I have a patch 
of Early Harvest. Would it be advisable 
to replace or exchange these for the Early 
King, or to cultivate both varieties? v. R. 
Hannibal, Mo. 
1. If the case were mine, I would let 
the young raspberry plants remain 
where they are until early next Spring. 
They would be in less danger of being 
injured by the coming Winter, and be 
more easily taken up with earth upon 
the roots. By being careful to have 
some earth attached there need be al¬ 
most no loss in transplanting. 2. Early 
Harvest is a very good blackberry, and 
so is Early King. I would have both. 
Neither of these varieties is as hardy as 
some that might be mentioned, but they 
are reasonably so. 
Apples for California. 
What are best late Winter apples and 
proportion of same for a well-irrigated 
commercial apple orchard of 50 acres in the 
mountains of southern California at an 
elevation of 4,500 feet? Soil deep granite 
oak loam with clay subsoil; climate, cool 
and dry with snow in Winter; minimum 
temperature, 12 degrees, maximum 90 de¬ 
grees. Winesap, Rome Beauty, Pearmain 
(?) Arkansas Black, Newtown, Grimes 
Golden, Ben Davis and Missouri all do well 
here. Would it be advisable to plant 
largely of Newtown? Is Stayman prefer¬ 
able to Winesap? i. f. 
Redlands, Cal. 
On good soil, such as is described, and 
at an elevation of 4,500 feet in the 
mountains of southern California, ought 
to be a very good place to grow Winter 
apples. The cool mountain climate is 
about right for them, and with the dry 
air and plenty of water to irrigate the 
trees they ought to grow and bear finely. 
There are some very good apple or¬ 
chards in those regions now. The va¬ 
rieties mentioned are also very good, 
with rare exceptions. What “Pearmain” 
is meant I do not know, but suppose it is 
White Pearmain, which is a variety I 
have seen growing In the higher alti¬ 
tudes of California very successfully. 
Arkansas Black is a newly-introduced 
kind which is not proving satisfactory, 
because of its bad habit of failing to 
bear and dropping before fully mature, 
and I would not plant it. Newtown is a 
most fickle variety. If 'it does well in 
similar locations in southern California, 
then it may be wise to plant it. I know 
sections in the northern part of the 
State where it is doing very well, and 
am inclined to think It would bear well 
in the southern part also; although I 
have no positive knowledge on this 
point. I would advise substituting Stay- 
man for its parent, the Winesap, because 
the tree is better and the fruit fully as 
good in every way. York Imperial is 
an apple which is omitted entirely, and 
should not be; for it is one of the very 
best Winter apples that I have ever 
known to be grown in the mountains of 
California. Jonathan is another that I 
would not omit. It is both good and 
beautiful, and I know it behaves all 
right in the orchards of California. In 
planting 50 acres in the region indicated, 
I would proportion the list about as 
follows, counting 40 permanent trees per 
acre, at 33 feet apart, which would be 
2,000: York Imperial, 500; Ben Davis, 
500; Stayman, 250; Jonathan, 250; New¬ 
town, 200; Rome Beauty, 100; Grimes, 
100; Ingram, 100. The latter is a variety 
of rather recent introduction, that has, 
however been abundantly tested in Mis¬ 
souri beside the western standards, and 
found worthy. Between the permanent 
trees, as just mentioned, I would advise 
planting 2,000 trees of Missouri, and in 
the rows running north and south. This 
arrangement will put the trees one rod 
apart that way, and two rods the other, 
which gives ample room for driving 
through with wagons to gather the fruit 
and for spraying. It also admits suffi¬ 
cient sunlight. The Missouri trees will 
be the first to bear, and will pay for the 
entire orchard within the first 10 years 
in that climate. When about 15 years 
old they will begin to show exhaustion, 
and the fruit will become small. Their 
removal will be a benefit all around, as 
the permanent trees will need their 
room. 
Apples in Virginia. 
Would you consider it safe and profitable 
to set an apple orchard (50 or 100 acres) as 
far south as Franklin County, Va? I 
would wish to grow Winter varieties only, 
something that would sell in the East or 
for export. Will you name two or three 
varieties that would do well in that lo¬ 
cality? Would that be too far south for 
York Imperial and Rome Beauty? 
Croton, O. e. a. t. 
Franklin County, Virginia, Is right in 
the true apple belt of the Blue Ridge re¬ 
gion. It is not too far south for any of 
the apples, but rather, it includes some 
of as good apple lands as can be found in 
America, except that they may be rough 
and rocky in many places. Some of 
these lands are as nice as one could 
wish, but the mountain coves, where the 
famous Newtown (or Albemarle) apple 
is grown to such perfection as to make 
it command the top price In England, 
are usually very steep and irregular in 
shape. York Imperial and Rome Beauty 
also do very well in southern Virginia, 
and on into North Carolina, provided 
one does not leave the mountains very 
far. A few hundred feet of elevation is 
equal to many miles of latitude. From 
2,000 to 4,000 feet above sea level is the 
best for apples in the Blue Ridge coun¬ 
try; peaches, pears and plums also do 
well there. As to the particular varie¬ 
ties that should be planted on the differ¬ 
ent kinds of soil there, it requires some 
knowledge to decide. Winesap, Ben 
Davis, and that class of apples suit the 
red lands, while the Newtown and York 
Imperial develop to their greatest per¬ 
fection on the loose granite soils of the 
coves or ravines, and mountain slopes. 
The Common Squash-Bug.— Circular No. 
39, Division of Entomology, Department of 
Agriculture, deals with the Black squash- 
bug or stink-bug. Hand-picking and 
clean culture are advised for the control 
of this insect. 
The Peach Twig-Borer.— Farmers’ Bul¬ 
letin No. 80, issued by the Department of 
Agriculture, is an interesting discussion of 
this enemy of stone fruits. On the Pacific 
coast this insect is one of the most de¬ 
structive pests affecting peach trees, and 
its depredations are extensive throughout 
the East. In Colorado it Is very de¬ 
structive to peach, plum, apricot and 
almond. Winter spraying with kerosene 
emulsion, during December and January, 
is found to be effective in controlling this 
twig-borer. In spraying with oily washes, 
it is observed that the wash should be 
merely enough to wet the plant, without 
the liquid running down the stem to collect 
about the crown, where it will cause dam¬ 
age. 
Weak 
Lungs 
When your throat and lungs 
are perfectly healthy you 
needn’t worry about the 
germs of consumption. They 
don’t attack healthy people. 
It’s the weak, debilitated, in¬ 
flamed membranes that are 
first affected. Hard coughs 
and colds weaken your throat 
and lungs and make con¬ 
sumption more easy. 
If your lungs arc weak 
Scott’s Emulsion 
is the best remedy you can take. It 
soothes and heals and gives tone 
and strength to these delicate mem¬ 
branes. In this way you can prevent 
consumption. And you can cure it 
also if you haven’t had it too long. 
Keep taking it until your lungs are 
strong and your weight restored. 
At all druggists: 50c. and $1.00. 
SCOTT & BOWNE, Chemists, New York. 
Jadoo Fibre and Jadoo Liquid 
Will give you Early Crops and Large Crops 
of Vegetables or Fruit. Bend for Catalogues 
and be convinced of the merits of these 
new Fertilizers. 
THE AMERICAN JADOO CO., 
815 Fairmount Avenue. Philadelphia, Pa. 
IWWVWWWWV\< 
For Sale—Seed Potatoes. 
NEW QUEEN—one year from State of Maine— 
tine stock, 11.50 per bag of two bushels. 
M. GARRAHAN, Kingston, Pa. 
CDEOI Al DDIf*C ~ 50 barrels nice seed, 
Or kUIAL r illuC superior strain, EARLY 
ROSE I’OTATOKS. 
W. S. TEATOR, Upper Red Hook, N. Y. 
Plants 
CABBAGE 
AND 
LETTUCE. 
Cheap in Large Lots. 
J. L1NTHICUM, Woodwardville, A. A. Co.,Md. 
DC APU TDCCC~° ne year from bud. 2kfc. and 
luAun I IiLLO up—all leading varieties. 
R. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley, Del. 
The President Wilder Currant 
and other choice new fruits can be bad at 
bottom prices of the subscriber. Send 
for descriptive list and prices to 
S. I). WILLARl), Geneva, N. V. 
acres in Strawberry Plants. Millions good 
Roots; first-class. T. C. Kevitt, Athen a, N. J. 
New Strawberry 
We are the introducers. Catalogue free. 
“ ROUGH RIDER ’’ 
The firmest, latest, best keeping strawberry ever 
produced. Extremely large and productive 
Brought 20c. per quart, wholesale, season 1899. 
Indorsed by best authorities. 
Li. J. FARMER, Box ‘JO, Pulaski, N. Y. 
FALL PLANTING. 
Our CATALOGUE tells all about the Trees, Plants and Vines that can be planted with safety in the 
Fall, and explains why you should plant at this season. E2^" It will be mailed Free. Send your address 
T. J. DWYER & SON, Box 1, Cornwall, N Y. 
pEE$j 
) etc. advertise themselves. The best always cheapest. 
/ Have hundreds of car loads of 
FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES. 
40 acres hardy Roses. 44 greenhouses of Palmi, 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Painesville, Ohio. 
