8io 
November 18 
THE RURAL 
new-yorker: 
Live Stock and Dairy 
THE CHURN OR THEBABCOCK TEST. 
For Testing Dairy Cows. 
Objection to Test. —It seems strange 
that intelligent men should be constant¬ 
ly trying to bring out weakness in the 
Babcock test, and at the same time be 
holding up the accuracies of the churn. 
Would it not be well to consider a little 
the relative merits of these two methods 
of testing cows? The value of the Bab¬ 
cock test is sometimes questioned, be¬ 
cause it is claimed that a small sample 
of less than an ounce, which is used for 
analysis, cannot be so taken as to repre¬ 
sent the average of a large quantity of 
rr.ilk. This depends entirely upon the 
manipulation. It would be equally as un¬ 
wise to condemn the analysis of fertil¬ 
izers by holding that the small sample of 
less than one-tenth of an ounce, which 
the chemist commonly uses, could not be 
so taken as to be a fair average of sev¬ 
eral hundred pounds or a ton; yet nearly 
all accept the work of the fertilizer 
chemist without a question. A sample 
of a few ounces of milk taken With rea¬ 
sonable care will represent fairly the en¬ 
tire milk of a single milking. A small 
quantity taken from each of several suc¬ 
cessive milkings will give a mixed sam¬ 
ple that will represent the average of the 
entire quantity of milk given during the 
time the sample covers. Any good man¬ 
ipulator of the Babcock test can so sub¬ 
sample and analyze this larger sample as 
to give an accurate test of the percent¬ 
age of fat it contains. From the weight 
of milk and the average percentage of 
fat one can easily calculate the amount 
of butter fat which the cow has produced 
during the time covered by the sample. 
The weakness of the Babcock test is 
shown mainly in the fact that many ex¬ 
pect too much of it. A single test from 
a single milking is of little value, but is 
it because the Babcock test is not accu¬ 
rate? Let us see; cows vary in milk 
flow from day to day. They also vary in 
the amount of fat contained in the milk. 
It will thus be seen that a single test 
from the milk of a Single milking would 
be of little value. But how is it if the 
sample is more accurately taken? A few 
years ago the Storrs Station took from 
each of three cows six samples of milk 
from six separate successive milkings, 
and analyzed each sample separately. 
There was also taken a small sample 
from each cow at each milking, which 
was held as a mixed sample. The aver¬ 
age percentage of fat from each cow for 
the six separate analyses was practically 
the same as the percentage from the 
mixed sample. 
An Illustration. —But the opponents 
of the test tell us that adding, as recom¬ 
mended by the stations, one-sixth to the 
yield of butter fat does not make “com¬ 
mercial butter” of it. This may be true, 
but if this one factor is always used it 
does transpose the yield of fat into a 
uniform butter equivalent. It is just as 
fa'ir for one cow as for another. How 
about the churn? Does that always give 
you the amount of commercial butter? 
It gives what the trade may call com¬ 
mercial butter, but it is but little more 
uniform as to solid food material than 
are two given dozens of eggs, one from 
Leghorns and the other from Brahmas, 
but unfortunately the butter and the 
eggs sell on a similar plan of commercial 
equality. Shall the cow be given, in the 
one case, cred'it for the large amount of 
water and curd which the butter may 
contain, and in another case only have 
credit for half as much, because the but¬ 
ter has been differently worked? Let us 
illustrate. A few years ago the College 
wished to make a week’s test of a regis¬ 
tered Jersey, to see if she were available 
for advanced registry. To be available 
she must produce in one week by the 
churn, at least 14 pounds of butter. Her 
cream for one week was churned at the 
usual temperature, but it was worked at 
a low temperature, about 50 degrees. 
When thoroughly worked it weighed 
over 21 pounds, and yet at that tempera¬ 
ture (it could not be made to yield up 
more water and curd, and seemed to be 
in good marketable condition. When 
the butter was warmed, directly there¬ 
after, to about 65 degrees, and reworked, 
the total weight was reduced to 14y z 
pounds. The question naturally arises, 
what is “thoroughly worked and salted 
butter?” Have we not reason to be sus¬ 
picious of the accuracy of the high week¬ 
ly butter tests of cows, so commonly re¬ 
ported as churn tests. 
Check on the Churns. —A few years 
ago the American Guernsey Cattle Club 
offered prizes at the Bay State Fair for 
the cows giving the best yields of but¬ 
ter in 24 hours by the churn test. As a 
check on the results the superintendent 
caused to be made, alongside of the work 
of the churn, a test with the Babcock 
tester, including both the new milk and 
the buttermilk. To the surprise of many 
the buttermilk from the different churn¬ 
ings was found to vary from two-tenths 
of one per cent to five per cent with dif¬ 
ferent cows. So great were the differ¬ 
ences in the loss of butter fat in the 
buttermilk that had the cows been 
judged by the Babcock test the order of 
merit would have been changed. The 
question naturally arises, shall the cow 
be held responsible for the work of poor 
manipulators? Some hold that if one 
cow gives milk which yields up its 
cream, and the butter from the cream, 
more readily than that from another 
cow, she should have credit for it. But 
in this day of modern dairy appliances, 
this is not a fair argument. The sepa¬ 
rator rightly manipulated will remove as 
completely the fat from the milk of a 
Holstein as from a Jersey, and if the 
process of ripening and churning be 
made uniform the churn should do 
equally good work in each case. The 
great sources of inequality in testing by 
the churn are due to differences in man¬ 
ipulation, and the chief of these differ¬ 
ences is the amount of water and curd 
left in the butter by the buttermaker. 
The Babcock test avoids all this, and 
makes (it easy to put the product of each 
cow on a uniform basis. 
Connecticut. [prof.] c. s. phelps. 
Tell S. C., Zaza, Va., to remove the 
warts from his cow’s teats by applying tar 
just once. This can best be done when she 
is dry, and is a perfect success, s. k. m. 
Sheridan, Mich. 
The Poultry Herald says that in Bohemia 
geese are driven long distances to market. 
Before starting on the journey they are 
made to walk over a mixture of tar and 
sand. This forms a hard crust on their 
feet, and thus shod they are able to travel 
without getting footsore. 
Cows barren 3 years 
MADE TO BREED. 
Moore Brothers, Albany, N. Y. 
Mark. 
LUMP JAW 
Easily and thoroughly cured. < 
New, common-sense method, l 
not expensive. No cure, no( 
pay. FREE. A practical, ill-. 
ustrated treatise on the abso-' 
lute cureof Lump Jaw, free to 1 
readersof thispaper. 
Fleming; Bros., chemists. 
Colon Stock Yards, Chicago, III. 
DEATH TO LICE 
on HENS and CHICKEN 
___ 64-page book free. 
D. J. LAMBERT, Box 307, Apponaug, R. I. 
F arm Raised Poultr y 
Pay the buyer because they are strong, 
vigorous, healthy and will breed heal¬ 
thy stock. Ail rinu Dliorn Ourlarge 
stock weshipis ifllllTl llAluCU Poultjj 
Guide explains all. and tells how tomakeblg 
money witii poultiy. >1 urth $25. Sent for on]} 16r. 
JOHN BAUSCHER JR., Box 66, Freeport, III. 
\ Killed=Dead. 
You know that the horse 
buyer knocks oil $50 or more 
for every lump or blemish 
" on a horse. Get full value 
for your horse—don’t have 
any lumps. Cure him with 
l Tuttle’s 
Elixir. 
1 It Is guaranteed under 
a forfeit of $100. to cure 
any case of horse all, 
coiio, curbs, splints, 
; contracted cord, callouses, thrush, etc. 
Tuttle's Family Elixir cures rheuma¬ 
tism. bruises, sprains, etc. Sample of either 
Elixir for 6c. in stamps to pay the postage. 
| Used and endorsed by Adams Express Company. 
For Sale at all Druggists. 
I Dr. S. A. TUTTLE, 30 Beverly St.. Boston, Mass- 
One hen 
One Day 
It coats a mill a day—one cent 
every ten days—to make a hen 
a lively layer when eggs are 
high, with SHERIDAN'S w . 
CONDITION POWDER. Calcu- MvN 
late the profit. It helps young 
pullets to laying maturity; 
makes the plumage glossy, 
makes combs bright red. 
Sheridan's 
-^CONDITION 
Powder 
fed to fowls once daily, in a hot mash, 
will make all their feed doubly effec¬ 
tive and make the flock donbly profit¬ 
able. If yon can’t buy it we send one 
pack. 25 cts.; five, $1. A two pound 
can, $1.20. Sample poultry paper free. 
I. S. JOHNSON & CO., BOSTON, MASS. 
THE ADAM GREEN BONE GUTTER 
and a flock of hens means egg money the year round, t 
Green Cut Bone you know makes hens lay double the 
eggs winter and summer. This machine runs easier than 
any other because it is the only ball-bearing bone cutter 
made It cuts bone quickly—shears it off in fine shavings. 
Can’t choke; cleans itself; is strong and substantial. Send ' 
at once for our free illustrated catalogue No. 88 . 
W. J. AD-A.M, JOLIET, IIiXi. 
DOUBLE THE PROFil 
can be secured from hens in winter if 
properly fed. Green Cut Bone is the 
best egg produeingfood winter 
or summer. Nothing equals t he 
DANDY 6R cW E 
for preparing bone. Cut pieces so 
that chicks or mature fowls con % 
eat It easily and without danger of 
choking. Hand and power ombined.' 
or both. Turn easy—cut fast. Catalogue and prices free 
Stratton &. Osborne, Box 13. Erie, Penna 
Breeders’ Directory. 
White Wyandottks Exclusively.— 
Write wants. Spencer’s Poultry Farm, Phenix, R. 1 . 
Twenty-Five Pekin Ducks, to sell at 
once. *1 each. W. T. ARCHER, Port Oram, N. J. 
C hoice Delaine and Black-Top Ewes and Rams for 
sale cheap. Smooth bodies; no wrinkles; all reg’d. 
Correspondence invited. M.C.Mulkln, Friendship.N.T 
136 Premiums on 136 entries. Prac¬ 
tical poultry. Barred and White P. Rocks; W. VVyan- 
dottes, S. C. B. Leghorns, Black Javas and R. I. Reds. 
Extra choice breeding cockerels, $3; two for $5; good 
breeders, $2; three for $5; $1.50 and $1.25. No pulj 
lets GEO. A. CHAPIN, Hampden. Mass. 
Large English Berkshires and Po¬ 
land Chinas. Pairs not akin. Pigs eight weeks 
old, $3 each. Sixty head; must sell. 
W. A. LOTHERS, Lack, Pa. 
Closing-Out Sale of Poland-China 
Swine, either sex and all ages. Young Boars for 
service a specialty. Ad lress 
JAY HEATH, Cortland, N. T. 
Jerseys —St. Lambert and Combina¬ 
tion —for SALK—Four Cows, seven Heifers, six¬ 
teen Bulls 8 . K. N1VIN, Landlnburg, Pa. 
For Sale. —Scotch Collie Pups, three 
months old: one female 10 months old. Price. $5 
each. Dr. MOORE, West Rupert, Vt. 
Trees bred from finest strains. Our 
catalogue will tell you about it. 
THE ROGERS NURSERIES, 
Tree Breeders, 
DANSVILLB, NEW YORK. 
WANTED. 
Thoroughbred Registered Holstein Bull, large 
enough for service. Would prefer one eligible to the 
advanced registry. 
Thoroughbred Berkshire and Poland-China Pigs 
and Brood Sows; also Scotch Collie Pup. Must all 
l>e registered stock. 
Buff Leghorn Fowls, 
Grade Holstein Calves, % to G3-64 Holstein, balance 
Ayrshire. Address 
Locust Grove Stock and Poultry Farm, 
ANTWERP, N. Y. 
GUERNSEYS. 
84 Cows averaged 399 pounds 
butter each in 1898. Some 
choice young stock for sale. 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
UHINECLIFF, N. Y. 
Registered Jersey Cattle 
For Milk and Butter. 
It. F. SHANNON, 907 Liberty St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
HOLSTEINS 
FOR SALE. 
Heavy milking cows, fine Heifers and richly-bred 
Bulls, ready for service, at very reasonable prices, 
high quality considered. Write NOW. state just what 
you want, to DfcLLHlIRST FARMS, Mentor. O. 
THE UIPHOVED 
VICTOR Incubator 
Hatches Chickens by Steam. Absolutely 
self-regulating. Tha simplest, most 
reliable, and cheapeit flnt-class Hatcher 
. In the market. Circulars FREE. 
GEO. EKTEL CO., QPINCY, ILL. 
Sale of Guernseys. 
Registered stock of all ages, from dams having un¬ 
usual records. Supt. Mahlon Sager, Orangeville, Pa. 
HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES 
of the best breeding, from 3 to 10 months old. Chester 
Whites, smooth and growthy. Pamphlet free. Prices 
right CHAS. K. RECORD, Peterboro, N. Y- 
HATCH CHICKENS 
BY STEAM-wntths 
■imple, perfeot, self-regulating 
EXCELSIOR I NCUBATOR 
Thousand! in aucoetiful operation. 
Lowest prioed lat-clasi hatcher made. 
GEO. H. STAHL* 
114 to 122 9. 6th PL. Qutaty, 111$ 
DON’T TAKE CHANCES ! 
Buy no Inenbator and pay far It before 
giving It a trial. The Ann who will not 
sell on trial have no faith In their 
machines. We sell the celebrated PREMIER 
INCUBATOR ON TRIAL. Also sole manu¬ 
facturers of simplicity. Catalogue 
and Poultry Helps, 5c. 
to’umula Incubator Co., 60 Adams St., Delaware City.Del. 
1 NO 
I3UPPUC01 
] Moisture. 
6>-Self¬ 
regulating „ 
Su.i-Vemu.mi.gS 
THE—- 
CYPHERS. 
INCUBATORS 
One Style Only, OUR BEST. 
Warranted to last Ton Years without re¬ 
pairs and to out-hatch during three trials 
any other incubator—bar none; THIS OR 
YOUR MONEY BACK. Built for business 
—sold on honor. 16-pace illustrated circu¬ 
lar and price list FREE. Poultry Manual 
and Catalogue No. 101, (160-pages, 8xllin.) 
entitled, “How to make money with Poultry and Incubators’’sent 
postpaid tor 15 cts. iu stamps-worth dollars. Address nearest office. 
_ CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO., 
IfoMton, Maas. Way land, N. Y. Chicago, Ill. 
Shetland Ponies 
FOR SiYLE. 
WATKINS FARM, Detroit, Mich. 
BLOODED LIVE STOCK 
Sheep —Oxfords, Sliropshires, South- 
downs. Fancy Poultry. Plg«— 
Berkshires, PoTand-Chinas, Chester 
Whites, Yorkshires. Catalogue free- 
H. L. HOLMES, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Reg Poland Chinas.Berk¬ 
shires & Chester Whites. Choice 
l’igs, 8 weeks old. mated not 
akin. Bred sows and service 
Boars cheap. Poultiy. Write 
for hard times prices and free 
circular. Hamilton & Co., Rosenvick, Chester Co , Pa 
rillQind Ollt Qolp — As onr business prevents 
VIU 0 III 5 -UIU LjaiU prompt attention beinggiven to 
our herd, we will close them out at private sale, at 
pork prices. F. H. GATES & SONS, Chlttenango,N.Y. 
Cheshires from Foundation Herd. 
Spring and Fall Pigs; both sexes. 
E. W. DAVIS, Torringford, Conn. 
A PRACTICAL POULTRY BOOK 
One which covers 
every detail of the 
industry from in- 
It will teach you 
cubation to market is our 20th CENTURY CATALOGUE. 
the practical experience of others what it would take you ten years to learn. Among other 
it tells about the latest improvements in the world famous Reliable Incubator* 
Brooders. Sent for 10c to pay postage. Reliable lllC. & Brdr.Co.Box B 101 
POULTRY LOVING WOMEN, 
thousands of them are MAKING MONEY out of eggs. It’s pleasant and profitable. 
They double the egg product by feeding Green Cut Bone and Granite Crystal Grit. 
MANN’ NEW BONE CUTTERS 
cut fast, fine and so easy that any woman can work them. Mann’S Clover Cutters 
and Swinging Feed Trays pay big for their investment. Cash or Installments. 
Send for our free illustrated catalogue. F. XV. MAKN CO., Box 1& Milford, Mass. 
1/%/% CHOLERA PREVENTED AND CURED. 
Xj| Remedy cures Hog Cholera, Chicken Cholera, and Is death to Worms. SI Package 
■ ■ enough for 50 Hogg. Will refund yon the $1 if It falls. Directions for using 
on each package. This is a scientific remedy, and will save vour hogs and chickens. Order $1 package 
NOW Yon may have heavy losses by waiting SCIENTIFIC REMEDY CO„ Nauvoo, Ill. 
