8i6 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
November 25 
Farmers’ Club. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure atten¬ 
tion. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Van Deman’s Fruit Notes. 
ALL SORTS OF QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 
Root Grafting the Cherry. 
Can piece-root grafts of cherry be made 
successfully? That is, can pieces of the roots 
of a seedling cherry be grafted to a cherry 
scion, and made to grow, as is done with 
the apple? w. h. s. 
Bethany, Mo. 
Root-grafting the cherry is very diffi¬ 
cult, and rarely pays for the trouble of 
doing it. I have tried it several times, 
but always on whole roots. If pieces of 
roots were used I think that the failure 
would have been still more pronounced. 
All kinds of stone fruits are much more 
difficult to graft than the apple and 
other pome fruits, and are propagated 
by budding. 
Trees Injured by Winter. 
I set out 2,400 two-year-old apple trees 
last Spring. Some of them made a very 
good growth, from one to two feet, and 
some of them died. Some of those that 
made a nice growth are very brittle, and 
break off very easily. What ails them, and 
what is the remedy? The varieties are 
Ben Davis and Missouri. h. m. p. 
Atchison Co., Kan. 
It is quite probable that some of the 
trees were damaged by the severity of 
last Winter, and the wood in the center 
is dead, and therefore brittle. Some of 
the apple trees that I set 'in the Spring 
of 1875, in Kansas, were of this charac¬ 
ter, and behaved just as H. M. P. de¬ 
scribes. It is probable that the trees 
that have grown well this year did not 
make sufficient new wood to carry on 
the functions of vegetable growth until 
the damaged wood is no longer of much 
consequence. There have been several 
such Winters as the last one in the 
West, followed by the conditions men¬ 
tioned, and many of the damaged trees 
have outgrown their injuries, and are 
to-day bearing good crops. The only 
“remedy” that I would suggest is to dig 
out and replant all weakly trees, those 
that have made a very feeble growth. 
The best of cultivation should be given 
the entire orchard, so as to stimulate 
the trees to make good growth. 
Borers and Plum Roots. 
1. Arc borers likely to work at plum 
trees until they kill them? I have 
found a number of my plum trees par¬ 
tially eaten around, and then apparent¬ 
ly abandoned by the borers. 2. Describe 
the best way to handle quince cuttings 
for propagation. In case of a long sprout, 
can it be cut up into several cuttings, or is 
the terminal one the only one that can be 
used? w. a. b. 
Seneca Co., N, Y. 
1. So far as my experience and ob¬ 
servation have gone, I have had no trou¬ 
ble with borers in plum trees, except 
when they have been budded on peach 
stocks, and the borers have worked in 
the peach at the surface, and under the 
ground. This is probably the case with 
the injured trees mentioned. Peach 
borers sometimes kill quickly, but they 
oftener cause them to live a miserable 
existence, by cutting channels in the 
tender bark and wood about the base of 
the trees. Digging them out with a 
knife in Spring and Fall is the most 
practical remedy. 
2. Quince cuttings should be made 
soon after the leaves fall from the trees. 
Any good, thrifty wood of one year’s 
growth will make cuttings that will 
grow, but the best are such young 
branches as have large buds. They 
should be cut into pieces about 10 
inches long. A good scion win some¬ 
times make four or five such cuts. The 
tip cut is sometimes not so good as 
those from the butt end of the scion. 
It matters little which cut is chosen. 
The one having the strongest vitality is 
likely to grow the best. After cutting 
into proper lengths, tie in bundles and 
bury in a moist but weu-drained place. 
Place the bundles butt-end up, that the 
rootlets may start by their proximity to 
the surface, where they feel the warmth 
of the sun’s rays. When Spring ap¬ 
proaches, take up tne bundles and set 
the cuttings in rows two feet apart, just 
leaving an inch or two of the tops in the 
air above. Cultivate thoroughly during 
the growing season. 
When to Transplant Walnut Trees. 
J. R., Cook Co., III .—Some walnut trees 
came up in the lawn, which I wish to 
transplant to a garden row and cultivate 
till they get good roots. How long should 
I leave them there before setting them in 
their permanent place along the roadside? 
When is it best to transplant? How far 
apart in the rows should I put them? 
There are over 50 of them. 
Ans.— Plant about 18 inches apart in 
the row. They can be moved with the 
greatest safety in the Spring, before the 
buds swell. Dig from the lawn care¬ 
fully and trim all injured roots neatly 
with a sharp knife just before setting. 
They will not make much growth the 
first year, but should enlarge consid¬ 
erably the second season. They khould 
be transplanted permanently the second 
or third Spring after setting in row. 
Seedling White Pines. 
F. II., Kennebec Co., Me.—I have set a wind¬ 
break of White pines and am told that it 
will seed the ground all around full of 
pines. Do you know whether this is so or 
not? If so, I can pull them up while small, 
Ans. —Seedlings are quite likely to 
spring up in the vicinity of cone-bearing 
White pine trees, if the soil is left un¬ 
disturbed for a considerable time, but 
they grow very slowly at first, under 
ordinary natural conditions and are 
easily eradicated by cultivation, or 
merely by cutting off near the ground, 
as they never sprout when the top is 
destroyed. 
Clover and Free Nitrogen. 
R. W. M., Ashboro, Ind .—The usual custom 
of farmers here Is to sow wheat in the 
standing corn, seeding to clover in the 
Spring. The land is fertile, alluvial soil, 
growing heavy crops of grain. Clover 
makes a rank growth, often heading first 
year after harvest. The clover is plowed 
up the next Spring for corn, taking a crop 
of grain every year. At what stages of 
growth does clover begin to gather free 
nitrogen from the air? When is this pro¬ 
cess practically completed? Is the above 
rotation a rational one, or should clover 
stand the second year in order to add ma¬ 
terially to the store of plant food in the 
soil? 
It has been pretty clearly established 
that the appropriation of nitrogen from 
the air by leguminous plants is depen¬ 
dent upon the presence of tubercles 
upon the roots. It must, therefore, be 
assumed that such appropriation does 
not take place before the tubercles are 
found, though their presence upon the 
roots has been found very early in the 
life of the plant. I have found tubercles 
upon clover roots six weeks after seed¬ 
ing. Whether the plants will take all 
of their needed nitrogen from the air, 
after the formation of such tubercles, 
rather than from the soil, probably de¬ 
pends upon the amount and kind of ni¬ 
trogen in the soil. If there is an abun¬ 
dance of readily-available nitrogen in 
the soil, the probabilities are that the 
plant will obtain it from this source in 
preference to the air, so that it is diffi¬ 
cult to estimate the actual amount of 
nitrogen gathered by a crop from at¬ 
mospheric sources. It is believed that 
the appropriation of food by plants con¬ 
tinues until the plants are in bloom, 
though the food elements are taken up 
more rapidly in the early stages of their 
growth—that is, the dry matter of 
young crops is richer in nitrogen than 
that of mature crops. I should regard 
the rotation mentioned as a good one. 
EDWARD B. VOORHEES. 
New Jersey Exp. Station. 
For the land’s sake—use Bowker’s 
Fertilizer.— Adv. 
Transplanting Evergreens; Shrubs. 
S. C. S., Camden, N. J. —1. What Is the best 
time to transplant young hemlock and other 
evergreens? 2. Name a few of the most 
desirable varieties of shrubbery for this 
vicinity. 3. Do you know of a good authori- 
tive work on landscaping, that will apply 
to mountain sites? 
Ans. —Evergreens may be transplant¬ 
ed at any time during the warmer 
months of the year. Probably the most 
favorable month is May. August and 
September are the most trying months 
in which to move them. They should 
not be disturbed in freezing weather un¬ 
less it is desired to move a large tree 
with a ball of frozen earth. 2. Recent 
issues of ‘'The R. N.-Y., pages 754, 778 
and 786, contain brief accounts of shrubs 
that Should succeed admirably in your 
locality. 
3. No such work has come under our 
notice. Some very good suggestions 
may be found in How to Plan the Home 
Grounds, by Samuel Parsons, Jr. It 
can be furnished from this office. 
Healthfulness of Cotton-Seed Oil. 
II. S., Stark Co., O.—Is refined cotton-seed 
oil a wholesome food for human beings? 
We have been using it for three years, and 
are unable to see any bad results, but have 
heard that it will cause a breaking down 
of the tissues, and our family physician 
condemns it. I would like to know what 
the authorities have to say on the subject. 
Ans. —There is no reason to suppose 
that cotton-seed oil is less wholesome 
than olive oil or butter fats, unless 
adulterated or contaminated in course 
of manufacture. Most people do not 
greatly fancy the flavor at first, and it 
has been considered rather more diffi¬ 
cult of digestion than the cooking fats 
generally used, but there is no evidence 
that any serious results follow its pro¬ 
longed use. Most of the table oils sold 
as “pure olive oil” are in reality cotton¬ 
seed oil that has been exported, refined, 
and then sent back to us. Some of it is 
strained through the straw in which 
olives have been pressed in order to al¬ 
ter the flavor. 
"Good Beginnings 
Make Good Endings 
You ate making a good beginning vuhen 
you commence io take Hood's Sarsaparilla 
for any trouble of your blood, stomach, 
kidneys or liver. Persistently taken, this 
great medicine void bring you the good end¬ 
ing of perfect health, strength and vigor. 
Mood6 Saunpmii 
Ngyjr Disappoints 
GINSENG. 
The Creat Chinese Root. 
Good quality wild root, dry, brings from $5 to $0.50 
per pound, and cultivated, $8 to $12. It- can bo grown 
successfully. Illustrated circular with full instruc¬ 
tions and prices for plants free. 
HARLAN r. KELSEY, 
110G Treruont Building, Boston, Mass. 
Nr user v ix North Carolina. 
Grape Vines 
Descriptive and Pries List free. 
Gooseberries and other Small 
E'ruJt Plants. Extraquality. Warranted true. 
T. S. HUBBARD C O., FREDOJiiA. N. Y. 
Young Girls 
How easy it is for young 
girls to go into the ‘ ‘decline. * * 
They eat less and less, become 
paler and paler and can 
harldy drag through the day. 
They are on the steady down¬ 
ward course. Iron does them 
no good; strychnine and bit¬ 
ters all fail. They need a food 
that will nourish them better, 
and a medicine that will cor¬ 
rect their disease. 
Scott’s Emulsion 
is both of these, elegantly and per¬ 
manently combined. The Cod-Liver 
Oil makes the blood richer, and 
this gives better color to the face. 
The hypophosphites of lime and 
soda act as a strong tonic to the 
nerves. Soon the weight increases, 
the digestion improves and health 
returns. 
At all druggists; 50c. and $1.00. 
SCOTT & BOWNE, Chemists, New York. 
Cyanide 
Guaranteed 98 to 99 per cent., for generating 
Hydrocyanic Acid Gas 
the most effective fumigating material, to 
destroy scale insects on fruit trees and 
plants. The only positive eradicator of 
the dreaded San Jose Scale. Endorsed by 
all Agricultural Experiment Stations. “A 
perfect practical remedy,” says Prof. W. G 
Johnson, State Etymologist of Maryland. 
MANUFACTURED BY 
The Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., 
No. 100 William Street. New York. 
Jadoo Fibre and Jadoo Liquid 
Will give you Early Crops and Large Crops 
of Vegetables or Fruit. Bend for Catalogues 
and be convlnoed of the merits of these 
new Fertilizers. 
THE AMERICAN JADOO CO., 
816 Fairmount Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 
A| nwrn and other Grass Seeds KOK SALE 
ULUVCn Write for samples and prices. 
Bourbon Elevator and Milling Co., Bourbon Ind. 
For Sale—Seed Potatoes. 
NEW QUEEN—one year from State of Maine- 
One stock, $1.50 per bag of two bushels. 
M. GARRAHAN, Kingston, Pa. 
CDiTPIAI nDIOC barrels nice seed, 
w* K-DIAl* I III OE superiorstraln, EARLY 
ROSE POTATOES. 
W. S. TKATOR, Upper Red Hook, N. Y. 
Pedigree Strawberries 
Recommended to all strawberry growers by Rural 
New-Yorker March 11, ’99, and praised by it July 17. 
’97. and July 16, ’98. We offer JOE, CARRIE 8ILVERS, 
8TELLA and REBA In pot-grown plants at 25o each, 
$2 per doz., $5 per 100; and ROBBIE and NETTIE, the 
best late strawberries yet introduced, at 25c. each, $2 
per doz., $6 per 100. Plants to be all pot-grown and to 
bo delivered after July 1st. Order quick; stock limited 
JOS. H. BLACK\ SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
Plants 
CABBAGE 
AND 
LETTUCE. 
Cheap in Large Lots. 
J. L1NTHICUM, Woodwardville, A. A. Co.,Md. 
acres in Strawberry Plants. Millions good 
Roots; lirst-class. T. O. Kevitt, Athen a, N. J. 
TREES 
at Wholesale prices. Apple, Plum and 
Pears, $6 per 100; Peach, 3c. Cat. Free. 
Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N. Y 
EARLIEST PEACH 
The earliest peach grown to-day is the 
Matures in this local-• 
f kv fi V 1ms ity about June 10. A | 
vigorous and hardy grower. Semi-cling, I 
sub-acid, fine flavor. White with red blush. | 
Fruit is of good size, solid fleshed, a good 
shipper. Sixty varieties 1,000,000 Trees. 
Strawberries, Plum and Apple 
Tree*, Asparagus etc. Write us at once for illustrated 
Catalogue—3P3FL. 333D. 
il AUKiStKVS K t itSERIES, Box 29, Berlin, Md, 
□ C APU TDCCQ“° ne year from bud. 2J^c. and 
rCMUll I ML CO up—all leading varieties. 
It. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley, Del. 
The President Wilder Currant 
and other choice new fruits can be had at 
bottom prices of the subscriber. 8end 
for descriptive list and prices to 
S. D. WILLARD, Geneva, N. Y. 
FALL FLAN TING. 
Our CATALOGUE tells all about the Trees, Plants and Vines that can be planted with safety in the 
Fall, and explains why you should plant at this season. £5?" It will be mailed Free. Send your address 
T. J. DWYER & SON, Box 1, Cornwall, N Y. 
etc. advertise themselves. The best always cheapest. 
Have hundreds of car loads of 
FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES. 
40 acres hardy Rose*. 44 greenhouses of Palms. 
Ficus, Ferns, Roses, Eto. Correspondence solioited. 
Catalogue and price list free. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Painesville, Ohio* 
