1899 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
837 
BREEDING FOR EARLY MATURITY. 
Early maturity has been one of few 
desirable features that all the first 
breeders had in mind. Bakewell, with 
his Longhorns and Leicester sheep, gave 
this special prominence, and the same 
may be said of the Collings and Booths, 
and to their successful efforts the Short¬ 
horns of to-day owe the prestige that 
they possess on account of their remark¬ 
able development in this direction. Why 
is it that within the present century an 
English authority expressed wonder that 
Hereford oxen were slaughtered at the 
early age of six years, while now less 
than half that time sees them on the 
butcher’s hooks? The “blackskins” have 
progressed wonderfully in this direction, 
a3 have also the Devon and Sussex. It 
of butter, obtained in the grocery stores, 
says that it is reported that such matters 
as chalk and plaster have been used to 
adulterate butter. Starch and potato meal 
are also used. The most frequent adulter¬ 
ation, however, is In foreign fats or oleo. 
We are often asked by farmers whether 
it is possible to devise some simple test 
for oleo which the average farmer can 
carry out. When the article is carefully 
made, and the fats are thoroughly mixed 
together, it requires a skillful chemical 
test to tell the difference. For example, 
one test is the amount of alkali necessary 
to convert a given quantity of fat into 
soap. With beef tallow, the amount 
ranges from 193 to 200; for lard, 195 to 197, 
while in the case of butter, the range may 
be as high as 232, but the average, in this 
country, has been placed at about 227. The 
official chemists of the United States say 
that when this value falls below 220 the 
butter is to be condemned as adulterated. 
A “Fake” Churn.—W e have received 
100% a Year is Big Interest 
but that is what many users of the 
IMPROVED UNITED STATES SEPARATOR 
are receiving on the money invested. 
It is nothing unusual to receive letters from users of the U. S. 
stating that it has produced enough more cream in a year to pay for 
the machine, to say nothing of the improved quality of the product 
and the saving of time anu labor. Our 1900 or “New Century” 
Separators, with increased capacities, are better than ever. 
We also manufacture 
A Complete Line of Dairy and Creamery Apparatus. 
jp* Write for our latest illustrated catalogues,—Free. 
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., - Bellows Falls, Vt. 
TUF i ACC nr A At rvr -terrible calamity. The tip of a horn 
■ ■*“ HIV t “ often does it in tying up cattle. Cut off 
^ humanely 1 witt7 the Keystone DEHORNING Knife S§g, 
_ _ ing or tearing. Highest Award World’s Fair. FUIXY GUARANTEE!!. Write 
at once for descriptive circulars, prices, etc. A. C. BROSIUS, COCHRANVii.bE, PENN* 
is not so very long ago since sheep were 
only put upon the market when two 
years old. while now they attain the 
same weight in less than half that time, 
and the same observation applies to 
swine. The fact that early maturity is 
one of the most influential factors in 
lessening the cost of production has 
given rise to this strong effort to secure 
it on the part of all breeders. There is 
no doubt but that in the case of all live 
stock the youngest meat is the cheapest 
to produce. It has been stated on good 
grounds, by an American authority, that 
the carcass increase of steers between 
two and three years old is attained at a 
ccst of 50 per cent more than that in the 
carcasses of animals under two years 
old. 
It is self-evident that to promote early 
maturity through breeding, it must be 
a quality possessed by both the sire and 
the dam, and to possess it they must be 
of a breed noted for it, and from a strain 
that is well developed in that direction. 
Every stockman acquainted with the 
rudiments of his work readily recog¬ 
nizes the good and rapid feeder by its 
mellow wealth of hair and flesh, and 
these again are but the external signs of 
healthy internal organs of digestion and 
secretion. From the dam and sire there 
must come a vigorous constitution, un¬ 
tainted in the least by hereditary weak¬ 
ness or impairing influences. 
It is well to consider how far early 
maturity may be developed through 
early breeding. That it has an influence, 
all who have given the matter a consid¬ 
eration will admit, but the measuring of 
that influence is where the difference 
lies. This the Scotch breeders recognize 
in breeding their heifers so as to have 
their first calves at foot even as early 
as two years old. Of course there is a 
possibility of over-burdening the heifer 
before she has matured so as to stand 
the strain without injurious effects. It 
is safe to say that with generous feed¬ 
ing, kind attention, and healthy com¬ 
fort, a heifer will approach maturity so 
rapidly that she may with prosperity 
and profit be bred at that early age. 
The cost of production must be lessened, 
and the most effective and best way of 
accomplishing that is through early ma¬ 
turity, brought about by early breeding, 
generous feeding, and strictest attention 
to all the little details that have an in¬ 
fluence for better or for worse upon it. 
W. J. KENNEDY. 
University of Illinois. 
Butter and Oleo.— Bulletin 166 of the 
North Carolina Station (Raleigh) is one of 
a series planned by the chemist to show 
the people something of the adulteration 
of human food. This bulletin deals with 
butter, and gives its composition, describes 
the true animal fats, and also speaks of the 
manufacture of artificial butter. Among 
other things, it is stated that North Caro¬ 
lina at the beginning of this year, had 
243,263 milch cows, valued at only $15.90 a 
head. At the same time, Connecticut had 
143,098 cows which were worth $35.55 each. 
Thus it comes that North Carolina exports 
practically no butter, while she does im¬ 
port vast quantities of it. How much of 
this imported, article is genuine butter, and 
how much artificial, no one knows, but the 
chances are that the North Carolina people 
are consuming large quantities of oleo 
under the impression that they are eating 
butter. Dr. Picket, who analyzed samples 
circulars describing what is known as the 
scientific, mechanical wonder of the age. 
The name of this great machine is the "In¬ 
stantaneous Air Blast Butter Separator.” 
It is said to separate, in less than one 
minute, butter from sweet milk or cream. 
Some of the scientific explanations given in 
this circular are enough to give a station 
director a pronounced case of nervous ex¬ 
haustion. The air blast is supposed to be 
driven through the milk, “which dissolves 
the albumen capsules, liberating the butter 
in its natural globule form. The oxygen 
in the air is taken up by the hydrogen in 
the milk, which forms peroxide of hydro¬ 
gen, which Immediately dissolves the albu¬ 
men capsules, incasing the butter globules, 
thus liberating the butter. The particles 
being cohesive, unite in crystals, forming 
into flakes of pure butter.” There is only 
one word that can be properly used to de¬ 
scribe such ridiculous stuff as that, and 
that word is “Rot'." The circular is a 
mere lot of bombast, aimed to deceive an 
innocent public, and under no circum¬ 
stances would we advise the purchase of 
this “air blast” separator. The scientific 
statement about its workings is a fake, 
pure and simple, and, while we have not 
tried the separator itself, the air blast of 
words blown through this circular, dis¬ 
solves all the albumen capsules that form 
any desire to give it a trial. 
Never Had Such Success before. 
After a fair trial, 1 think Bowker's Animal Meal is 
just O. K. I havo raised nearly 1U0 chickens and have 
lost but one or two by sickness. Wish I could find 
something to protect them from hawks. 
I never had as good success before. 
W. Hartland, Conn Nathaniel Gilktt. 
NEW 20TH CENTURY 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
Sept. 1st marked the 
introduction of the Im¬ 
proved 20 th Century 
“B aby” or “Dairy” sizes 
of De Laval Cream Sepa¬ 
rators and these newest 
“Alpha” disc machines 
are simply unapproach¬ 
able by anything else in 
the shape of a cream sepa¬ 
rator. Overwhelming as 
has been the conceded su¬ 
periority of tho De Laval 
machines heretofore their 
standard is now raised still 
higher and they are more 
than ever placed in a class 
by themselves as regards all 
possible competition. 
Send for new catalogue. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR GO. 
Randolph & Canal Sts., I 74 Cortlandt Street, 
CHICAGO. I NEW YORK. 
The Brood Mare. The condition of the 
mare determines the health of tho colt. Do 
not look for a vigorous foal from an improperly 
fed dam. She must have sustaining food and 
plenty of it. Victor Corn and Oat Feed is rich 
in the necessary elements. It is properly bal¬ 
anced and does not heat tho blood. It is kiln- 
dried and is tho best feed for the brood mare. 
Forfull information,address Science Dept- 
THK AMIKK.VY CERE 1E CO., 
1339 Monadnoek Rldg., Chicago, III. 
tit mp tm f fp v Abtkur *.i . _ . _ — _ 
CONSULT OUR SCIENCE DEPT 
Why the Best ? 
Because the most simple ; 
Because the most durable; 
Because neatest looking-; 
Because the best material 
is used ; 
Because the most perfect 
in workmanship; 
Because the cream is the 
finest; 
Because they skim clean 
forever and 
Because they are safe. 
No other farm separator equals the 
Sharpies in a single one of these par¬ 
ticulars. We say it advisedly and deliberately. 
A free trial. Send for Catalogue No. 25. 
The Sharpies Co., P. M. SHARPLES, 
Canal & Washington Sts., West Chester, Pa., 
CHICAGO. U. S. A. 
Dairy Gains 
are increased and dairy work made 
easier by the National Hand Sepa¬ 
rator. It represents the mostscien- 
tiflo method of skimming milk. 
The one practical, profitable, easy 
running arid perfect skimming 
Hand Separator. It will cost you 
nothing to try the 
NATIONAL 
Hand 
Separator 
Ten days trial will prove it 
to be the greatest money¬ 
maker and money-saver 
you ever had on the farm. 
Write for illustrated, de¬ 
scriptive book and 
. . full particulars of 
jJF free tr j a [ offer. 
National Dairy Machine Co., Newark, N. J. 
Top Price Butter. 
The kind that a fancy private 
trade demands, is colored with 
Thatcher's Orange Butter Color — 
the color that does not contain 
any poison. Send for a sample. 
THATCHER NFB. CO., Potsdam, H.Y. 
Mark. 
Cows barren 3 years 
MADE TO BREED. 
Moore Brothers, Albany, N. Y. 
LUMP JAW 
Easily and thoroughly cured- 
New, common-sense method, ( 
not expensive. No care, no) 
pay. FREE. A practical, ill-< 
ust rated treatise on theabso-J 
lute cure of Lump Jaw, free to ‘ 
readersof thispaper. 
Fleming Bros., chemists. 
Union Stock lard*, Chicago, III. 
improved COW TIE 
Holds them firmly, draws 
them forward when lying 
down, pushes back when 
standing, gives freedom 
of head, keeps them clean 
E. O. NEWTON CO. 
Batavia, Ill. Catalogue Free 
THE CHAIN HANGING 
CATTLE STANCHION. 
The most practical and humane Fastener ever In 
vented. Gives perfect freedom of the head. Illus¬ 
trated Circular and Price free on application. 
Manufactured by O. H. ROBERTSON, 
ForeetviUe, Conn. 
If Yah lAficIt h> know how to raise CALVES 
I Oil lYISIl cheaply and successfully with-I 
out milk, write to J. W. BAKWELL, Waukegan, Ill. | 
(Newton’s Patent.) 
Every 
Dehorner 
Guaranteed 
THOUSANDS IN USE. 
Ask your hardware dealer for them or write 
1L II. BROWN MFO. CO., - - DECATUR, ILL. 
A FEED COOKER 
is a money saver on every farm. It 
increases the grainu-you have by 
making it more palatable and di 
gestible. the 
FARMER’S FAVORITE 
is a thoroughly reliable cooker at a 
reasonable price. Furnace made of 
best gray iron; boiler of best gal¬ 
vanized steel. It is of special value 
for cooking feed for all kinds of 
live stoek and poultry: for heat¬ 
ing water for scalding hogs, etc. 
Excellent for evaporating Maple 
sap, boiling down syrup, “sugar¬ 
ing off,” etc. Just the thing for boiling down elder. 
Don’t buy until you get our circulars anuprices. 
L. R. LEWIS, 12 Main St. ( Cortland, N. Y* 
EUREKA STEAM FEED 
ftnntfFRSaves 4 t0 H y° ur 
uUUiyCilcorn and other feed. 
Makes mouldy hay, straw and 
corn stalks sweet and digestible. 
ENAB1.ES YOU TO MAKE 
STOCK FOOD OF POTA¬ 
TOES AND NEARLY EV¬ 
ERYTHING RAISED. Made 
of heavy boiler steel. Tested 
to 100 lbs. hydraulic pres¬ 
sure. Only 500 for sale. Cash 
price, f‘21.50. Saves you at 
least 30 per cent. Order 
now. Write for FREE cat¬ 
alogue of Buggies, Cutters, 
Harnesses, Tank Heaters, 
Corn Shellers, Feed Cutters, Horse and other 
Powers, Washing and Sewing Machines, Household 
articles, *c. Write: CASH SUPPLY & MFG. CO., 
KALAMAZOO, MICH. 
SAVE FEED. 
Feed Is fuel to the animal economy. It 
la burned up to supply internal heat. If it ia 
heated (cooked) before it goes into the ani¬ 
mal's stomach it saves that much fuel (feed). 
Electric Feed Cookers 
save feed, nave money and produce 
better rcAUltH. Made of best cast iron 
; boiler made of extra heavy 
Capacity 25 to 100 gallons. 
Circular and price free. 
Electric Wheel Co., Box 88, Quincy, 111. 
ONLY S5.QO 
for this first-class cooker and water heater, 
fust the thing for cooking feed for atoek, 
DltfH or poultry and for heating water 
for Moulding; bogM. Bums wood only. 
The Farmer’s Feed Cooker 
B made of best cast iron with No. 22 gal¬ 
vanized steel boiler, and holds 20 gallons. 
We make larger cookers and will quote 
prices on application. Send for free circulars, 
Reliable Inch. & Brdr. Co. Box 101, Quincy, III. 
COOK Your FEED and Save 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Emp¬ 
ties Its kettle In one minute. The 
simplest and best arrangement for 
cooking food for stock. Also make 
Dairy and Laundry Stoves, 
Water and Steam Jacket Ket¬ 
tles, Hog Scalders, Caldrons, 
etc. fy Send for circulars, 
D. R. SPERRY & Co.. Batavia. Ill. 
WOODWARD’S WATERING BASIN 
A STABLE NECESSITY. SEE WHAT OTHERS SAY 01 II. 
ClrmUr. Tree. J. S. WOODWARD X SON. LOCK PORT. V 1 
Meat smoked in a few hours with 
KRAUSERS’ LIQUID EXTRACT OF SMOKE. 
Made from hickory wood. Cheaper, cleaner, 
sweeter, and surer than tho old way. Send for 
circular. L. K.KAUSKU JL BUG., Milton, 1'u. 
TT1E3E 
ARE 
ONI? 
BRAND NEW 
TINNED STEEL 
f* ROOFING 
r 77IE3E 
ARE THE 
: omy 
$2.00 per Square of 10x10 
leet, or 100 Square Feet. 
wr CARRY A C0MPLETI STOCK or ALL K1M>» Trinl «g 
Of AttRDUXDISt AMR AUTtRWL MIGHT AT ' 
9HtRrrA’.BtCtlVtlO'ANR TRMTtES’iALta. YOU 
Write for Free Catalogue So. 51 ( _ NEED 
OnrPrjee9a«1^^0thera^ 
C/UCAGO MOOSE WRECKING CO., 
WEST 35 Trr . & IRON CTO.. 
OUCACiO. 
