1898 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
79 
Kevitt explains it—and I hope that he 
will succeed in producing 15,000 quarts 
on an acre. I shall be satisfied with a 
smaller record from our Glen Marys. 
We have fair soil and good strong plants 
which have gone into winter quarters 
in good condition. We shall do the best 
we can for them in the Spring, and then 
we Viall see how close we come to finger¬ 
ing a share of that $750. We are not go¬ 
ing to buy a new carriage on the strength 
of it, though ! ir. w. c. 
A WHITE LEGHORN MAN TALKS. 
CHEAP DECEMBER EGGS. 
On page 40, IT. W. C. asks what is 
wrong that his November eggs cost eight 
cents each to produce, and December 
eggs nine cents. I have read all that he 
has had to say about those hens, and the 
way they are fed and cared for. The 
trouble is that he hasn’t more pullets, 
and that most of the pullets he has are 
Minorcas. If his birds were one-half to 
three-quarters good White Leghorn pul¬ 
lets hatched fairly early, and were given 
the same care and feed, lie would have a 
very different story to tell. By good 
pullets, I mean those from large, healthy, 
vigorous stock bred for eggs for several 
generations. If hatched in incubators, 
it must be properly done. The young 
chicks must be kept growing right along 
without any pull-backs, to give the best 
and earliest results. When the cockerels 
weigh about three-quarters of a pound 
each, keep them separate from the pul¬ 
lets. 
But somebody will say that one has to 
raise so many chicks to get a flock of 
pullets, and it’s such a lot of work and 
trouble, not to mention the expense. 
Ay! There’s the rub ! It has been said 
that eternal vigilance is the price of lib¬ 
erty, and it is also the price of pullets. 
As for the cost of December eggs, I 
have 100 yearlings and 500 pullets, all 
S. C. White Leghorns. The pullets were 
hatched all the way from the first week 
in April to about duly 1. At five months 
of age, many of the pullets began lay¬ 
ing ; at six months, they much more 
than paid their keep, while at seven 
months, they paid their daily keep three 
times over. But to include the year¬ 
lings, which were not laying much, 
brings the cost of eggs higher, and I 
find that my eggs in December cost me 
about one cent each. If one has a good 
market for eggs, and can sell the year¬ 
ling hens for a good price, it pays to 
raise pullets. h. j. Blanchard. 
Tompkins County, N. Y. 
R. N.-Y. — Mr. Blanchard has been 
keeping poultry several years, and knows 
how to select his breeding stock, and 
how to feed. We want to follow much 
the same track—only we like our quiet 
and good-natured Minorcas. By careful 
selection and good feeding, we can make 
good layers out of the granddaughters 
of some of these old hens that ran us in 
debt in December. Can’t we, Mr. Blan¬ 
chard ? 
THE COW OF DAIRY TYPE. 
At the recent New York State Breeders’ meet¬ 
ing, F. S. Peer read a paper on Breeding and 
Feeding to Produce High-class Dairy Animals. 
He said : “ We are building on acquired charac¬ 
teristics. Originally, the eov, was wild, and gave 
only milk enough to rear the young. She was a 
work animal. This original cow was a most in¬ 
ferior-looking animal, if we judge from old pic¬ 
tures. All that our dairy animals are now above 
their ancestors, they are by acquired character¬ 
istics. The old statement that like begets like, is 
not strictly true, or we would have no improve¬ 
ment. Time for improvement is before the calf 
is born. It must receive from the parents an im¬ 
petus to carry it to a certain degree of perfec¬ 
tion. The way to do it is primarily food. 
“Starting with what we will call a general- 
purpose cow, we will try to see how the improve¬ 
ments have been brought about. When an ani¬ 
mal is inclined to turn everything to fat, you 
cannot expect it to be a great milk producer. An 
animal must be trained and bred for a special 
purpose. When all the energy of the animal is 
expended in producing milk, we cannot expect 
the laying on of fat. A general-purpose cow can¬ 
not come into our calculation. She cannot com¬ 
pete with the dairy breeds or with the beef breeds. 
To produce the beef type, the mother is fed on 
concentrated foods, aud the milk flow is stopped 
at once upon her becoming with calf, and all the 
tendency is to impress the offspring with the beef 
qualities. The reverse is the case in producing a 
dairy type. Coarse foods are fed, and the period 
of lactation is continued as long as possible. 
“The rich Englishman goes to Jersey, and pays 
$1,000 for a cow. He feeds her concentrated foods, 
and when the calf comes, it is more like the beef 
type than the dairy. As a yearling, the calf may 
take the premium at the fair, but when it comes 
into the dairy, it is a failure. The. poor Irishman 
may have a calf given him for a day's work. He 
takes the calf home, and it is fed on the refuse 
of the place, cabbage leaves, potato parings, 
coarse foods. The cow has a large paunch, but 
when she comes into the dairy she will be a re¬ 
markable animal. She will be milked two or 
three times a day, and is, in every way, a dairy 
success. 
“ When we attempt to cross between two breeds, 
each of which has valuable characteristics along 
certain lines, we may think that we are going to 
get an animal which will combine the good quali¬ 
ties of the two breeds. But the parents are what 
they are by artificial qualities. As soon as we 
cross these breeds, we can get only 50 per cent of 
the artificial qualities of the parents. The only 
thing the two crossed breeds have in common is 
the old original characters, and we are likely to 
find that, instead of having animals that combine 
the good characters of the parents, we have one 
which more resembles the original type of animal. 
In-and-in breeding should be practiced only in 
the hands of experts." c. 
FORKFULS OF FACTS. 
The New York Poultry Show will be held at 
Madison Square Garden, New York, February I 
to 5, inclusive. The entries closed January 18. 
Competition is open to the world, and over $7,000 
in money and cups are offered as premiums. The 
meetings of clubs devoted to the interests of the 
various breeds will be held during the show. This 
is one of the greatest exhibitions in the country, 
competition is keen, and only the best birds stand 
any chance of winning premiums. 
Spot in an Eon.—I have a P. Rock hen, Spring 
1896 hatch, lays well, good shape and shell to 
eggs, looks, and acts all right, yet every egg con¬ 
tains a small brown spot. What is the matter ? 
North Adams, Mass. c. R. p. 
Ans.—T his little spot in the egg is not unusual, 
being due to the rupture of a small blood vessel 
which caused a drop of blood to pass into the egg. 
It soon heals, and occurs mostly with pullets that 
have been highly fed, and which are really too 
fat. 
Fertile Winter Egor. —I have always found 
the eggs less fertile in Winter when the hens are 
confined, and I lay it to want of exercise, pullets 
not fully matured, hens not fully recovered from 
the moult, and too many roosters in close quar¬ 
ters. I think this will cover the principal causes. 
If the hens are kept as busy as possible, in a 
warm house (I do not mean a heated one), kept 
clean and free from vermin, and not fed too 
much, and given warm water to drink, I think 
that one can get plenty of eggs, and a good per 
cent of fertile ones. A good per cent of fertility 
for eggs purchased from the farmers at this time 
of the year, is about 50. j. h. s. 
Keeping Hen Manure.— F. C. C., Sandy Creek 
Me., page 21, wants to know about Winter care 
of hen manure. My practice for 20 years has 
been to clean off the dropping board often, at 
least every other day, if possible, and put the 
manure in barrels or bushel boxes, and keep un¬ 
der cover. By the time it is wanted in the Spring, 
it has become fine—I call it ripened. If two or 
three inches of some .absorbent is put on top of 
the manure in the barrel after it has settled, 
much of the ammonia will be retained that would 
otherwise escape. Hen manure kept in this way 
should be worked into the soil as soon as applied, 
and never used as top-dressing, as it is very quick 
acting, and will burn the foliage of growing 
plants. c. w. kino. 
Massachusetts. 
Profitable Poultry.— You ask for “hands up”, 
for those who had chickens that paid for their 
feed in the month of November. I have a flock of 
W. P. Rocks, which includes 18 yearling hens, 
nearly all of which were moulting, one cock, 43 
May and June-hatched pullets, aud 12 cockerels, 
a total of 74, that have had nothing but corn, fed 
twice per day, until in December. They had free 
range of the farm. Perhaps if they had had a 
balanced ration, they might have done better. I 
sold 20 dozen eggs, at 33 cents per dozen, $6.00. 
They ate 11 bushels of corn, at 45 cents per bushel, 
$4.95, leaving a profit of $1.65; the eggs were 
mostly laid by the pullets. c. c. H. 
Lewisboro, N. Y. 
Secretary Caldwell of the American Guern¬ 
sey Cattle Club reports that the season of 1897 was 
a most prosperous one in Guernsey circles. At the 
present time, 15,300 Guernseys are entered in 
the register of the American Guernsey Cattle 
Club. Fully one-third of these have been placed 
in the book since the close of the World’s Fair 
dairy tests. Provision was made at the recent 
annual meeting to enlarge the facilities of the 
office, and also take up some new lines of work, 
prominent among which will be home tests of 
Guernseys. These tests will not be undertaken 
to encourage remarkable yields for a short time, 
but to induce the breeders to follow the work of 
their herds and individual animals during the 
entire season under conditions to be established 
by the club, with reports of the work to its office 
at regular intervals. Ample provision for check¬ 
ing the work is contemplated. It is believed such 
tests will bring forward much to confirm the 
ability of the Guernsey to make profitable returns 
for the food givenj her. 
Some Good Hens. —Here is my record for 1897, 
from 25 hens: 
Eggs, 4,079, sold for.$42.39 
Chickens, 40, sold for. 18.33 
Chickens, 30, left. 18.00 
Total.$78.72 
EXPENSES. 
Eggs bought for setting.$ 6.00 
Eggs set from my hens. 1.45 
Feed for the year for chickens and hens.... 30.71 
Value of chickens and liens died. 1.40 
Total....$39.56 
Profit. $39.16 
My feed was buckwheat boiled and fed warm in the 
morning, with clear warm water, and dry buck¬ 
wheat and corn at night, and a few table scraps. 
I have 55 hens and pullets this year, and will let 
you know at the end of the year how they do. 
Jasper, N. Y. s. j. m. 
Cheap Early Lambs.— The weather reports tell 
of snow 18 inches deep in New York, and we 
here, knowing something of the northern climate, 
think this is but the beginning of the winter. In 
the coldest part of the South, 4,(XX) feet above sea 
level, we have had two inches as the moderate 
contribution of the Weather Bureau, and the 
season : but after two days, the ground was clear 
and the sun shining so warmly that the woolly 
coats had their mouths open while lying in the 
pasture. Without any effort, we get our lambs 
from this time on; some are already skipping 
about with the flock, and making the melody 
which cheers the shepherds’ minds. What might 
be done with the Dorset ewes I don’t know, ex¬ 
cept it might be that the lambs might be already 
on their way to market for the tables of the luxu¬ 
rious rich people, without costing the owners of 
them one cent in money. A strict account of a 
flock since precisely one year ago, shows that 
the expense is all included in the pasture of a 
meadow which is lying idle waiting for the next 
corn crop to come, and getting the benefit of a 
flock of sheep running on it through last year, 
and the sheep are out every day getting their 
whole living without any hand feeding whatever. 
While I write this, the sun shines through the 
window too warmly for comfort, and I move to 
the shade. h. s. 
Macon County, N. C. 
For colds that come in the night, you cannot have 
medicine too handy. Of course, it should be the right 
medicine; and the right, medicine is Jayne's Expec¬ 
torant. 
Easy to take and effectual, Jayne's Painless Sana¬ 
tive Pills.— Adi). 
Save * Cows 
General Cow Drink on hand is cheap insur¬ 
ance. 50c. each ; $5.00 doz. Circular free. 
MOORE BROS., Veterinarians, 
Albany, N. Y. 
Oak-tanned leather Harness 
jk* Send your addres* with a-cent stamp for Illustrated Catalogue, 
MV all kinds of Single and Double Custom-Made Harneas, sold direct to 
I the consumer at wholesale prices. WE CAN SAVE YOU MONEY. 
1~H1 KING HARNESS CO., tko Church St., P~vegq, N.Y. 
Guernseys. 
'■43ft purebred Guernseys of the best American and 
Island breeding, butter average, whole herd, 318 
pounds per head. No catalogue. Come and make 
your own selection 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM. 
RHINECLIFF, N. Y. 
JERSEY CATTLE FOR SALE. 
R C cumunv i 907 Liberty 8*., Pittsburgh, Pa 
. r. OnAHRUIli') Farm,Edgeworth,P.F.W.AC.R.R 
HolsteinsareMoney Makers 
They are strong and rugged. They give a big pail 
f ullot good milk, 'l’hey make the best use of the 
coarse farm fodder. They are gentle, happy, andi 
seldom sick. When done at the pall they ornament: 
the butcher’s block. They are prepotent, aud alwavs 
stamp their good qualities upon their calves. THE 
HOLSTEIN IS THE BUSINESS COW. The 
best blood Is found In the herd of 
<■ >. CORTELYOU, Neshanlc Station II. J. 
EIGHT FIRST-CLASS STALLIONS ZZlZ 
for Jersey Cattle. Seven are Clydesdale, and one is 
an Imported Coach. C. UOKDWKLL, Batavia. O. 
Reg P Chinas Berkshires 
and Cheater Whites. Choice 
service Boars and bred Sows, 
for (todays, to reduce stock 
quick. Special cut pricea on 
above. Pigs all ages. Poultry. 
Hamilton & Co. Cochranvllle. Chester Co Pa. 
AMftT||EQ Poland-China Sow bred for Spring 
nilU I II EH farrow; sho is a bargain, and worth 
$15. Orders hooked for spring pigs. 
F. H. GATES & SONS. Chittenango, N. Y 
Phoohiro Diffe White Wyandotte Fowls. Writo 
UllCOllllC ll£o SILAS DEAN, Oak Hill, N. Y. 
Cheshires from Foundation Herd 
I have nmu shipped 471 times to men I had sold to 
before. Noted for lean meat and rapid growth. 
K. W. DAVIS. Torrlngford, Conn. 
Maple Farm Duck Yards. 
The largest and finest Pekin Ducks on this 
Continent. We have 2,500 of these mammoth 
birds In our yards. Eggs in season, fertility 
guaranteed. The new and Illustrated edition of 
our book, “ Duck Culture,” sent as a premium 
with each order for eggs or birds. Price, 25 cents. 
Send for Illustrated Catalogue. 
JaMKS RANKIN, South Easton. Mass. 
Turkeys—W. H. Turkeys and Toulouse Goose. Best 
strains. Stamp for eir. Stanley Williams,Kennedy,N.Y 
DEATH TO LICE 
A Disinfectant Powder for 
Poultry Vermin Sample 10c 
Book frh®. d. J. Lambert. Box 307. Apponaug. R. I. 
CRUSHED FLINT FOR POULTRY 
Bone Meal, Crushed Oyster Shells,Calclto, Granulated 
Bone, Ground Beef Scraps. Send for Price last. 
YORK CHEMICAL WORKS. YORK, PA. 
wo Groat EGG MAKERS 
Utuytc GKEKN BONA CUTTER, 
MANN d GRANITE CRYSTAL Grit. 
For Poultry. Cash or instalments. 
F. W. MANN CO., M1I.FOHit, MASS. 
THE CROWN 
bones. For the ponltryman. Best in the world. 
Lowest in price. Send for circular and testi¬ 
monials. Wilson Bros., EASTON, PA. 
joken. «•?*!£ 
Mafia, PorfHt, Bay-Modules- 
'**• U iseseiifil 
operation. LuwMt priced 
flrtt-olaoi Hatcfcer made. 
GEO. II, STAHL. 
Qulnoy,!!!. 
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Box 90 DES MOINES. IOWA. 
Testimonials by_ 
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MONEY IN POULTRY 
R LARGE ’98 GUIDE of 100 
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THE D1PUOVE1) r 
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Several herds of cuttle just at present is interesting us. 
At such time the BUYER gains at the expens 
i?.® SELLER. We have been instructed to buy 2(JU breeding ewes In or near Nebraska. Also to sell 
CLYDESDALES, CLEVELAND BAYS, FRENCH COACHES and TROTTERS. Do not think these are all 
we have In live stock " *■--■ — -- - —-— - 
Write and see. AMERICAN LIVE-STOCK CO., 24 State StreOt.'New York, N. Y. 
Refers by permission to The Kukai, Nkw-Youkek 
