ll2 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 5 
BUCKWHEAT IN DAIRY RATIONS. 
Nine dollars per ton is, probably, all 
average “ buckwheat feed ” is worth. It, 
doubtless, consists of all that is left of 
the buckwheat grain after the flour is 
taken out. Buckwheat middlings alone 
are quite valuable, because they are so 
highly nitrogenous. But the more Inills 
are mixed with them, the more the mix¬ 
ture decreases in value, because the hulls 
are of practically no value for feeding. 
No analyses or feeding experiments of 
buckwheat feed are recorded, and as the 
product varies so much with different 
millers, it is not practicable to make an 
estimate of their exact feeding value. 
According to average analyses, wheat 
bran -has a feeding value of S13.88 per 
ton. Estimating the percentage of diges¬ 
tible nutrients in barley feed by com¬ 
parison with similar products, this prod¬ 
uct is worth in the neighborhood of 
$11.HO per ton, for feeding. 
To make a balanced ration for milch 
cows out of these grains and corn stalks 
and straw, is a difficult matter. Much 
grain would necessarily have to be fed, 
and bran especially, in large propor¬ 
tion. It would not be well to depend 
on one grain alone, because animals 
thrive better if they have a larger vari¬ 
ety. If buckwheat middlings could be 
obtained, they would be better than any 
of the foods named for balancing this 
ration. They contain 23.7 per cent of 
digestible protein, while wheat bran 
contains only 12 per cent. The common 
practice is to feed these middlings with 
bran'and corn meal. Hut with no coarse 
fodder but stalks and straw, both of 
which are highly carbonaceous, the corn 
meal may be left out, or replaced by the 
barley feed. If the three feeds named 
are equally obtainable, I would suggest 
a ration of two parts of bran to one part 
each of buckwheat and barley feed, with 
what stalks and straw the cows will eat. 
Or, if the buckwheat middlings without 
the hulls can be procured, feed two parts 
of middlings with one part each of bran 
and barley feed. In either case, it would 
be well to give a moderately large grain 
ration, e. ()., 10 to 12 pounds daily. Bet¬ 
ter still would it be to replace part of 
the stalks or all of the straw by good 
clover hay, and continue either of the 
above grain rations. L. a. 
BUTTER FROM PASTEURIZED CREAM 
1. What is the best and simplest way to ripen 
Pasteurized cream ? 2. If it needs a starter, how 
is it made the simplest? 3. What is the beuelit 
of Pasteurizing cream for butter ? 4. Do dealers 
in butter in the city know when butter has been 
made from cream as above ? 5. What is the best 
way to get a market in New York for butter that 
has been made from Pasteurized cream, from 
Jerseys and Jersey grades, cared for by careful 
and competent'people, and fed on a ration of well- 
cured ensilage, hay, gluten meal, shorts, ground 
corn, and ground oats—the larger proportion is 
ground oats ? J - 
North Bridgewater, N. Y. 
Ans.— 1. Use an artificial “starter”; 
since Pasteurizing is done to rid the 
cream of undesirable germs, the ripen¬ 
ing should be done in such a w ay as to 
make their presence as nearly impossible 
as is practicable. 
2. “Starters” made of buttermilk, 
cream from previous churnings, or sour 
skim-milk are sometimes used for ripen¬ 
ing cream ; but when the cream is Pas- 
teurized, a pure culture starter should 
be used, such as Hansen’s lactic ferment, 
or Conn’s Bacillus No. 41. In using either 
of the first three, there is danger of in¬ 
troducing undesirable germs and flavors, 
while with the pure culture starters, such 
danger is reduced to a minimum. The 
latter contain only the germs which pro¬ 
duce the lactic acid which brings on the 
ripening of the cream. The usual pro¬ 
cedure in their use is to Pasteurize a 
sufficient quantity of fresh skim-milk, 
depending on the amount of cream to be 
treated. This is then cooled to about 80 
degrees, and the pure culture added. If 
the cream is not ready to be treated as 
soon as this starter has soured sufficiently, 
it is cooled to about 45 degrees and kept 
at that point to prevent its becoming too 
sourjbefoi’e the cream is ready for it. A 
starter for the next churning may be 
made by adding a small portion of this 
first one to a fresh supply of skim-milk. 
This may be repeated for some time, 
unless the starter should become con¬ 
taminated, when it is necessary to re¬ 
turn to the pure culture. The pure cul¬ 
tures may be obtained from dairy supply 
houses, and with them are detailed direc¬ 
tions for their use. 
3. The object of Pasteurizing cream is 
to destroy or render inactive the various 
forms of bacteria. Then is added a start¬ 
er containing only those germs which 
have been found to produce the proper 
ripeness and the best flavors. This pro¬ 
cedure prevents bad flavors from enter¬ 
ing the butter during its manufacture, 
and imparts good ones. The large ma¬ 
jority of buttermakers in Denmark fol¬ 
low' the practice of Pasteurizing their 
cream and using pure culture starters, 
and they enjoy the enviable reputation 
of making the finest quality of butter in 
the world. 
4. It is probable that few, if any, deal¬ 
ers in butter in New York City know 
when butter is made from Pasteurized 
cream. .So little is thus made in this 
country that no special market has been 
developed for it. 
5. Butter made from Pasteurized cream 
would be a good handle with which to 
catch a fancy trade, either at hotels or 
private residences. If at hotels, a per¬ 
sonal call with samples of butter is ad¬ 
visable. Private residences may be 
reached through a friend living in the 
city who has many friends and some in¬ 
fluence, as well as money enough to pay 
for a good article and a willingness 
quietly to advertise it. Or, they may be 
reached through a grocer or dealer who 
caters to the fancy trade. L. A. 
Neponsct Fabric should not be 
confounded with ordinary tarred 
building papers that, when exposed 
to the weather, crack, crumble, 
and quickly rot away. 
Neponsct is absolutely wind, 
water, frost, and vermin proof, 
and is a splendid roof and side 
covering in place of shingles and 
clapboards for outbuildings, is un¬ 
excelled as a substitute for back 
plaster in dwellings, and it does 
not crack, crumble, or draw from 
the studs. You can use it for 
a hundred different things,— for 
roofs, sides, and walls of houses, 
barns, hen-houses, green-houses, 
hotbeds, haystacks, wagon-covers, 
and on the kitchen floor and 
shelves of closets, etc. 
Neponsct should be used in the 
construction of buildings of every 
description to make them warm, 
dry, and draughtless ; it is so much 
cheaper than shingles or clap¬ 
boards. It won’t last forever, but 
it will last a mighty long time, and 
it is the cheapest fabric on the 
market. 
For inside lining Neponsct Black 
Building Paper is best. 
Full particulars aiul 
samples free. Write 
F. W. Bird & Son, 
East Walpole, Mass. 
For sale by Dealers 
in Hardware, Lum¬ 
ber, and Building 
Supplies. 
THE LEFFEL ENGINES 
ARE COOD ENCINES 
because they nre made of the 
bent material known, with the 
yerybeat workman.hlp procurable. 
They are Horizontal, 6 n. P. 
up; Upright, 3 H. P. up: and 
Portable, 6 to 12 H.P. These 
are ideal engine* for f ai m use 
good for running SEPARATOR, 
_book on Engines and Boilers, 
JAMES LEFFEL & CO., Box 1308, 8prin«fleld, 0. 
ONE HUNDRED MILLIONS 
OF DOLLARS A YEAR 
T HE DE 1AYAT, CREAM SEPARATORS 
have revolutionized the Creamery and Dairy 
met hods of the world since their i nt rtwluction 
fifteen years ago. They have increased the pro¬ 
ductiveness of the Dairy industry fully One 
Hundred Millions of Dollars a year in that time, 
and practically earned that much a year for their 
users. They have been the “ keystone” of modern 
dairying. They are now used in every country of 
the Globe, and t he total number in use is 125,000, 
or more than ten times that of all t he one hundred 
or more various kinds of imitating machines ever 
made in the different parts of the earth combined. 
As the De Laval machines were first, so likewise 
have they been kept t>est, ever keeping further in 
the lead through constant improvement from year 
to year. They are now sufficiently sujjerior in all 
resects to nearly save their cost each year of use 
over and above what is possible with any of the 
imitating and infringing machines. i 
The De Laval machines are made in every con¬ 
ceivable size and style and operating form, adapted 
to the requirements of the dairy or one cow to the 
creamery of one thousand or more cows, at prices 
ranging from $50. to $800. 
They are sold, as ever, on the basis of their unqualified and guaranteed 
superiority to all other existing methods and devices. 
Send for “Dairy” catalogue No. 257 
or “Creamery” catalogue No. 507 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
Western Offices: 
Randolph & Canal Sts. 
CHICAGO. 
General Offices: 
74 CORTLANDT STREET, 
NEW YORK. 
Branch Offices: 
1102 Arch Street, 
PHILADELPHIA. 
a 
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5 
Price $11. 
Buggies, Phaetons, Surreys, Traps, Harness 
Buy direct from factory at Wholesale Prices. 30 per cent, saved. 
Guaranteed for two years. Write to-day for new beautifully illus¬ 
trated Catalogue, send 3 cents ill stamps. Highest awards given us at 
World’s Fair, Atlanta Exposition, Nashville Centennial Exposition. 
Alliance Carriage Co. 2A0 E. Court St. Cincinnati, 0. 
Price $00 
CRE OF CORNi 
and its possibilities under the Silage 
system—being the theme of 
oyowiu ---— — 
“A BOOK ON SILAGE” 
By Prof. F. W. WOLL, 
of the University of Wisconsin, neatly bound Into a volume 
of 1*5 pages ami now being sent out by theSiLVKu Men. Co. 
Sam O., to unquestionably the best book yetlntroduced on j 
the subject. Itlncludes: 1 
I - Silage Crops. 11—Silos. 
Ill—Silage. IV Feeding of Silage. 
V— Comparison of Silage and other Feeds. 
VI— The Silo in Modern Agriculture, 
and many valuable tables and compounded rations 
for feeding si. »k. They sre going rapidly. 
It Is FREE. Write for a copy 
to-day—to-morrow may he too late 
SILVER MFC. CO. 
Salem, Ohio. 
Ho.3“PRlZE” FEED MILL 
OVER 30,000 IN USE. 
Ul Iron and Steel. Automatic 
Shake Feed. Perfect Ad¬ 
justable Feed Slide. 
»rlndi m fine or coarse eta 
desired. Will run by any 
power,one to fire home,sweep, 
tread, steam or wind. Will 
not choke down the smallest: 
power. Sold at a low price to • 
advertise the fact that we are the largest manufac¬ 
turers In the world of labor saving farm machinery. 
Send for special offer on this null and large Illus¬ 
trated catalogue Of “Hero”and “American”Grinding 
Millie 20 SlZ08 And RtvlflR. Fee<1 finflaM PssnlrU 
Corn Thresher 
Goodhue Galvan!_ _ . _ 
power and pumrlng, Wood Haws,Corn Shelters. eta. t 
APPLETON MFG. CO., 27 hm BATAVIA, ILLS 
HOW TO BUILD A8K 
WILLIAM8 MFQ. CO.. KALAMAZOO, MICH- 
THIS 
DlinOV IS MADE! 
V# V>i \A I of the very bestg 
r “““ "-'J - 
material. Wheel* select second growthj 
hickory; will stand the rough usage. (Hears ,$ 
hickory tough as whalebone. Ironed; hest| 
Norway irons. Axle*, steel, doublecollar J 
I Body, ash frame. Leather quarter top.J 
^guaranteed not to crack. Trimmed in broadcloth, l’ulntedj 
"12 coats, any color desired; is an elegant buggy. Price $49.0 
We haveover 500 new styles. Top HuKffle* $26 and up J 
Phaeton*, Hurrle*, Part* and Sprlnjf WnjroiiM.J 
i Write for our FH KK 88-rxiqc illustrated Spring Catalogued 
WARVIN^MITH^ DM S^Cbn^on^^hJcagoTll.; 
Oak-tanned leather Harness 
Send roar addrrr* with »-c*nt iUmp (ot Ulaatratcd Catalog**, 
all kind* of Single and Doable Cu«tom->dado Hameis, told direct to 
the consumer at wholesale price*. WE CAN SAVE YOU MONEY. 
KING HARNESS CO.. No 0 Church St., Owcgo, N.Y. 
SIX 
sizes: 
from 
2 to 26 
H. P. 
FEED MILLS 
(Sold with or without Elevator.) 
For EVERY VARIETY Of WORK 
Have conical shaped grinders. Differ¬ 
ent from all other mills. Handiest to 
o pie rate and Lightest Running. 
(AIso make Sweep Feed Grinders.) 
P.K. BOWSHER CO. South Bend, Ind 
DUPLEX 
Mlkk 
CRINDINC 
Is made to grind all kinds of grain, cotton 
seed, corn and cob, shucked or unshucked 
i nto a coarse, medium or line grist. 
Does it rapidly, cheaply, and with 
small power. Only mill made with 
Duplex Crinders. ‘Hand Book 
for Farmers andFeeders”sentFREE. 
S UCl I cv pn s " ,arf ler Street, 
■ IxLLLlT will Springfield, 0, 
•R CUTTER with Corn Stalk Crusher 
Tread Poweri for 1,2, 3 and 4 horaea, 
icither level or regular tread; Sweep 
Powers, Grain Sepa rators,hand and 
wer Corn 
Shelters, 
Grinding * 
Mills,steel and 
slave laud roll* 
. ers,plows,corn 
1 cultivators, 
_washing ma¬ 
chines, 3 to 25 h. p. engines, mounted or stationary. Getour price 
and catalogue. 8. 8. MESSINUKU A SON, Tutuniy, 1‘u. 
BBB 55 8BBB0588CSB0BB^ KS ^^SSS^SSSB 
FARM BUILDINGS ^ 
DWELLINGS * barns * poultry houses 
HOT-HOUSES * STABLES * Etc. 
RECEIVE PERFECT PROTECTION FROfl WIND OR STORM 
IN THE USE OF ' 
P & B RUBEROID ROOFING 
NO PAPER TO TEAR. NO TAR TO RUN. 
AIR-TIGHT, WATER, ACID AND ALKALI PROOF. 
IMPERVIOUS TO STABLE GASES. 
• . 1 *.* *• . I 
•SVTPLES AND PULL PARTICULARS FOR THE ASKING 
THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY, 
■ 81 83 JOHN ST . NEW YORK. 
