1898 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
739 
plow in the Fall or not. Usually we want our 
land covered during- the Winter, with some living 
crop. That is one reason why we try so hard to 
get Crimson clover or rye started after all Sum¬ 
mer crops. There is an exception sometimes in 
a tough old sod that is full of hard weeds and 
big roots. The frost and thaws of Winter will 
often benefit such a sod. We have one field at 
Hope Farm that will be plowed this Fall. It is 
where the peas and barley failed. The weeds 
got into it, and made bad work. They have been 
clipped off, but now we want to turn the stubble 
over so that the furrows will stand up nearly 
straight. Then the freezing and thawing will 
break them all up, and most of the roots will be 
killed out. If the furrows were turned com¬ 
pletely over, many weeds and grass roots would 
be protected, and would start out in the Spring 
well refreshed after their Winter’s sleep. In a 
case of this sort, Fall plowing pays, but I cannot 
think of a case where it would be good policy for 
us to turn over a good clover sod in the Fall. 
From my point of view, Fall plowing is double 
plowing. The action of the frost is better than a 
second working. In my opinion, it is a suitable 
practice only for a tough, sod-bound soil. if. w. c. 
GRAFTING THE HICKORIES , THE 
CHESTNUTS AND OAKS. 
I have a vigorous, thrifty hickory tree on my 
grounds, which bears the smooth hickorynut, 
commonly called the pig hickorynut. The tree is 
from 25 to 110 feet high, and the body is nine inches 
in diameter. You speak of propagating the 
Kirtland, either by budding or grafting. Which 
method would you adopt, and what would be 
your process, either of budding or grafting ? 
Huntington, Ind. h. b. 8. 
I have about 65 hickory trees from 6 to 14 inches 
in diameter, on a creek bottom, black soil. These 
trees, last year, bore very heavily, and generally 
bear well of the ordinary quality nut. The 65 
trees occupy about five acres of land of excellent 
quality. Will it pay me, or will it probably'prove 
successful to head back the limbs and tops next 
Spring, getting vigorous new wood in which to 
bud them to the Hales shellbark hickory or some 
of the different varieties of pecans ? Granting 
that it could be successfully accomplished, would 
it be safe as an investment to bestow so much 
labor and time on grafting large trees ? Are 
there those in this section of the United States 
who have experimented on a similar line with 
such a grove, and been successful? I have this 
Fall succeeded in budding the Paragon chestnut 
upon the American Sweet, with not to exceed a 
loss of five per cent. I also tried, in a small way, 
budding the American Sweet on to the Burr oak 
(Quercus maerocarpa). I was out of Paragon 
buds, or would have inserted them. The result 
has been entirely successful; every bud grew. I 
am a novice in this work, and take no credit to 
myself, assuming that I unwittingly hit the 
proper conditions, as I had always understood 
that the nut trees were hard to propagate. There 
is so much oak land in this State that, if the chest¬ 
nut grows well upon oak stock, I see no reason 
why there is not a field for chestnut culture here. 
Sheridan, Ind. e. j. w. 
ANSWERED BY H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
These two cases are so much alike that 
the same answer will, at least partially, 
do for both. Each has hickory trees, 
young and thrifty, that are of such size 
that they may be made productive in a 
very short time. The five acres of land, 
in the one case, need not be devoted ex¬ 
clusively to the hickory trees. As it is 
fertile soil, it might be seeded to clover 
and grass, and used as a pasture or 
meadow. The trees would make very 
comfortable shade for stock, and the 
latter would not injure the trees. At 
gathering time, no hogs should be al¬ 
lowed in the inclosure to eat the nuts. I 
would think this an ideal opportunity to 
try top-working a hickory grove to the 
best varieties known, and without wholly 
sacrificing the use of the land to the ex¬ 
periment. 
The owner does not say as to what 
species of the hickory family his trees 
belong, or whether there is more than 
one kind. They are, probably, of the 
Little Shellbark, Ilieoria ovata. The 
single tree mentioned by the other cor¬ 
respondent being a pig nut, or Ilieoria 
glabra, it is so closely related to the 
Little Shellbark, to which it is proposed 
to graft it, that I have no doubt of the 
congeniality of stock and scion. 
There is no doubt of the difficulty of 
grafting and budding nut trees; and the 
successful accomplishment of budding 
the chestnut upon both chestnut and oak 
trees by E. J. W. is almost a sure indi¬ 
cation that he will be able successfully 
to graft and bud his hickory trees. Many 
years ago I tried to graft the hickory 
and pecan together, but failed. Since 
then I have learned much about success¬ 
fully working over the nut trees with 
better varieties, and have succeeded in 
grafting every species that I have tried, 
but have not had occasion to try the 
hickory or pecan. However, I have 
directed others how to do it, and they 
have succeeded, in every instance where 
the directions were followed. 
If it were my desire to top-work such 
a grove as E. J. W. has, I would attempt 
to put on the choice varieties of the Little 
Shellbark hickory rather than the pecan. 
However, the pecan is only a species of 
hickory, and may be expected to do fairly 
well either budded or grafted on the 
common hickory, and I would try, at 
least a few trees, with scions of the early 
kinds, but not the very largest and latest 
varieties grown in the South. Biloxi, 
which is a seedling grown by W. R. 
Stuart, of Ocean Springs, Miss., is one of 
the very earliest, and has a thin shell. 
My plan would be to procure scions 
this Fall of the varieties intended to be 
used next Spring, wrap them in a damp 
cloth or other like material, and put 
them in a refrigerator or other cool and 
damp place at once. In the sawdust of 
an ice house is a good place. Buried in 
the earth on the north side of a build¬ 
ing or fence, and well secured from be¬ 
ing dug up, is the next best place. They 
should be left there until the trees have 
well advanced into leaf, and the bark 
will peel readily; then do the grafting. 
Cut the highest and thriftiest branches 
where they are not over two inches in 
diameter. Slit the bark where each 
graft is to be set, but do not split the 
wood. Trim the scion with a long slope 
on one side only. Push this under the 
bark at the slit, and tie firmly to the 
stock with a string. Wax every part of 
the wound. On all stubs where the 
grafts fail to grow, allow some of the 
sprouts to remain, but carefully rub off 
all others, that the grafts may have a 
good chance. Bud these seedling sprouts 
when the proper time comes in the late 
Summer. This is best done by the ring 
method. As to varieties, I would use 
Kirtland, which is a very choice seed¬ 
ling found by Mr. II. S. Kirtland, of 
Yalesville, Conn.; Rice, which is another 
extra large and every way superior nut 
and tree, growing on the farm of J. F. 
Rice, of Berlin Cross Roads, Ohio, and 
the Hales. The last is, also, of excel¬ 
lent quality, and I think the editor of 
The R. N.-Y., who lives near the place 
of its origin in New Jersey, can direct 
any one wanting scions of it where to 
get them.—[Kissena Nursery, Flushing, 
L. I. — Eds.]. 
The chestnut will grow upon the oak 
temporarily, but the union is not good, 
and after a time the grafts or buds sep¬ 
arate from the stock. It would be use¬ 
less to put any faith in the top-working 
of oak trees of any species with the 
chestnut. The best way to proceed to 
get a good chestnut grove is to plant 
nuts of the Paragon or some other sim¬ 
ilar kind, and graft the young seedlings 
at the crown with Paragon scions when 
about two years old. Then transplant 
them into rows, and treat like any other 
orchard tree. 
Doctors now agree that 
consumption is curable. 
Three things, if taken to¬ 
gether, will cure nearly every 
case in the first stages; the 
majority of cases more ad¬ 
vanced; and a few of those 
far advanced. 
The first is, fresh air; the se¬ 
cond, proper food; the third, 
Scott’s Emulsion of cod-liver 
oil with hypophosphites. 
To be cured, you must not 
lose in weight, and, if thin, 
you must gain. Nothing 
equals Scott’s Emulsion to 
keep you in good flesh. 
50c. and $ 1.00, all druggists. 
SCOTT & BOWNE, Chemists, New York. 
ARMSTRONG & McKELVY 
Pittsburgh. 
BEYMER-BAtTMAN 
Pittsburgh. 
DAVIS-CHAMBERS 
Pittsburgh. 
FAHNESTOCK 
Pittsburgh. 
ANCHOR ) 
> Cincinnati. 
New York. 
Chicago. 
> St. Louis. 
ECKSTEIN 
ATLANTIC 
BRADLEY 
BROOKLYN 
JEWETT 
ULSTER 
UNION 
SOUTHERN 
SHIPMAN 
COLLIER 
MISSOURI 
RED SEAL 
80UTHERN 
JOHN T. LEWIS & BROS CO 
Pluliulelphiu. 
MORLEY Cleveland. 
SALEM Salem, Mass. 
CORNELL Buffalo. 
KENTUCKY Louisville. 
T HERE are several sorts of reputation 
—-goody indifferent, bad. A good 
reputation is the sort that pays— 
the only sort that you, as a dealer or painter, 
can afford to have. It can only be acquired 
by selling and using the best material. In 
paint, Pure White Lead (see list of genu¬ 
ine brands) and Pure Linseed Oil are the 
best. 
By using National Lead Co.'s Pure White Lead Tinting Colors, 
any desired shade is readily obtained. Pamphlet giving valu¬ 
able information and card showing samples of colors free ; also 
folder showing picture of house painted in different designs or various styles or 
combinations of shades forwarded upon application to those intending to paint. 
National Lead Co ., too William St., New York. 
HAVE RICH MELLOW LAND. SftS'iS 
^AGRICULTURAL DRAIN TILE. For 45 years wo have been making these 
^L=sjan(l Sewer Pipe, Hod and Fire Brick, Oven Tile, Chimney and Flue Linings 
and Tops, Encaustic Sidewalk Tile, Ac. Supply Mortar Colors, Plaster, Lime, 
Cement Ac. Write for prices. John H. Jackson, 3rd Av. Albany. N. Y. 
Cover Old Shingles 
at Small Expense. 
Have 
A roof 
Water 
and 
Wind 
Proof. 
Easily Applied. Lasts years. 
The roof will be as tight as a drum. 
MEDAL BRAND 
WIRE EDGE ROOFING. 
Put over your old shingles will save 
you money and give you a comfortable 
dry house. 
Send for Free Illustrated Booklet, 
is what an Indianapolis editor calls barbed wire 
fences. They are not cheap, effective, durable nor 
humane. Buy the epitome of these virtues. 
Page Woven Wire Fence Co..Adrian, Milch. 
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FENCE FOR LAWNS AND CEMETERIES. 
1 Gates. Posts and Rail. Cabled Field nnd Ilog 
ee with or without lower cable barbed. Cabled 
Poultry, Garden and Rabbit Fence. 
DE KALB FENCE CO., 315 High St., DE KALB, ILL. 
Steel 
Fence w 
Mica Roofing Co., 100 William St., N.Y.City. 
WATER 
and how to get it is a 
PROBLEM EASILY SOLVED. 
The solution of the problem is a 
STAR 
DRILLING 
MACHINE. 
The water is down there and 
the only way to get a supply 
JKM absolutely free from surface 
drainage is to go deep with 
a cased well. The STAR is 
the fastest, strongest and most complete machine on the 
market. Made in ten sizes. We have a full line of 
supplies. Get our illustrated catalogue. Sent Free. 
Star Drilling Machine Co, Akron, 0. 
iretunii 
The barbed wire 
holds him back. 
Pig-Tight 
With our Duplex Automatic 
Machine you can make 100 
styles of fence at the rate of 60 
rods a day, that will turnevery- 
thing except wind and water. 
Makes a good hog fence at 12c, 
period. Rabbit-proof fence for 
nurseries, orchards, etc., at 16c. 
per rod. A splendid farm fence 
at 18c. perrodand poultry fence 
Horse-High 
at 19c. per rod. Kvery foot of 
it will possess the three leading 
features of this ad. Plain, 
coiled Spring and barbed wire 
to farmers at wholesale prices. 
Get our free catalogue before 
buying. Address, 
K1TSELMAN BROS., 
Box 106, Ridgeville, Ind. 
Bull-Strong 
IS THE STANDARD} 
STfAMPUMPS, AIR LIFTS, //. 
GASOLINE ENGINES 
WRITE EOR CIRCULAR EE 
THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS 
AURORA. ILl - CHICAGO- DAL LA S.TE)C 
yfri I DRILLING 
WELL Machines 
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or 
shallow wells In any kind of soil or rock. Mounted 
on wheels or on sills. With engines or horse powers. 
Strong, simple and durable. Any mechanic can 
operate them easily. Send for catalog. 
WILLIAMS BROS., Ithaca, N. Y. 
FRAZER SSL 
BEST IN THE WORLD. 
Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, actually 
jutlastlng three boxes of any other brand. Not 
affected by heat. ZW GET THE GENUINE. 
Like 
Bull Dog. 
That’s the way this lock and 
stay grips the wire and 
hangs on. It’n “a fence stay 
that will stay.” No twlKtlng, 
•.(ruining or breaking of 
wires; no shaking loose or 
slipping. Makes the moat 
rigid, strongest, moat dur¬ 
able fence that can be made 
out of wire. Only tool required is a 
hammer. It’s just as easy as nailing 
pickets. Cheapest fence on earth. 
MIC Ml HUT APCIITC in every locality. Exclu- 
"t WfiH I AUCI1 I O give territory to the right 
men. Seeding is done, the corn will soon be husked and 
you will have time to take up a good proposition. 
Write to-day for catalogue and sample—free. 
CHANDLEE FENCE CO., II S. Howard St., Baltimore, Md. 
The North Pole 
our fence, but we 
would prefer to see it 
attached to end posts 
ON YOUR 
FARM 
where both of us 
would get some bene¬ 
fit. Look into this. 
LAMB WIRE FENCE CO. 
Adrian, Mich. 
FOR SALK BY DEALERS GENERALLY. 
We are the largest Cd-pp I 
manufacturers of- ^ LCCI 
ruck Wheels 
for farm wagons in America 
Send for Catalogue 
Havana Medal Wheal Co., Havana, III. 
Machine $10 
TO build the STRONGEST 
AND BEST WIRE FENCE. 
g 16 to 24 Cents per Rod. 
— No farm rights, royalties or 
patent stays to buy. AGENTS 
CJ WANTED. Write for circular. 
The Bowen Cable Stay Fence Co. 
NORWALK, OHIO, U.S.A. 
