75o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 5 
or to have a case of “swells”, are thrown out. But 
few are disposed of in this way, as nearly all find 
their way to the store-room, where they receive their 
fancy-colored wrapping, and go upon the market as 
ORCIIARD FARM SUGAR CORN. 
By-Products Saved. —Almost as interesting as 
the canning of the corn, is the disposition of the by¬ 
products. In this business, as with nearly all others, 
it is found that nothing must go to waste, and that 
profit or loss in the enterprise may be determined 
largely by the disposition made of the by-products. 
All the corn husks and the cobs go to the silo. Two 
tub silos have recently been erected, each with a 
capacity of over 400 tons. Before erecting these silos, 
the material was stacked, but the per cent of waste 
wak too great, hence the silo was a necessity. 
These silos are made of 2x6 hemlock, tongued and 
grooved. No stone or cement foundation was made, 
but the staves were set upon boards laid down. A 
roof will be put on after filling. The ensilage is fed 
to a dairy of 200 Jersey cows, and they have the ap¬ 
pearance of being well fed. They receive ensilage 
during the entire year, and when they are at pasture, 
they will leave the grass for the ensilage. The prod¬ 
uct of the dairy goes largely to Buffalo. The product 
of the canning factory goes mainly to Boston, New 
York and Philadelphia. The southern markets are 
good, but freight rates are prohibitive. When asked 
as to the demand for the canned goods, I was informed 
that over 830,000 worth of orders were refused because 
of inability to fill them. 
The machinery and equipment required for a can¬ 
ning factory are far less expensive than that required 
for a beet-sugar factory. It would seem that there 
are many localities where a canning factory might be 
located, and the industry be made a profitable one to 
the farmers and the operators as well. Many farmers 
never will become accustomed to the demands of the 
sugar beet, who might be induced to raise the sugar 
corn. The lesson I learned from the whole thing was 
that it is the looking after the by-products which 
counts. Nothing is wasted, and back of the whole 
enterprise is a business man, a man who appreciates 
the value of quality, and whose trademark is a guar¬ 
antee of good quality. l. a. clinton. 
R. N.-Y.—Fig. 339shows acollectionof viewsofparts 
of the canning factory. 1 shows a load of corn ready for 
unloading upon the husking platform. 2 shows some 
of the huskers at their work. At 3 are the sorters, 
while 4 gives a view of the machine which cuts the 
corn from the cob. A view in the cooking-room is 
shown at 5, and at 6 are the sorters at work picking 
out any cans not well sealed. A number of the work¬ 
ers are posing for their pictures at 7, the two big silos 
being shown in the background. Fig. 340 shows the 
knives which separate the corn from the cob, the ears 
being forced between these small end first. 
WHAT THEY SAY. 
Pine or Cedar Shingles. —My judgment is that the 
Red-cedar shingles from the State of Washington will 
outlast any pine shingles that are on the market. 
The Yellow-cedar shingles will not last as long as the 
pine shingles, for they will rot around the nail heads, 
and then the wind will blow them off. In regard to 
painting each course as the shingles are laid, it pays, 
but it pays better to dip them three-fourths of their 
length in linseed oil and mineral red, with plenty of 
Japan dryer. The shingles ought to be dipped three 
or four weeks before they are laid. They will last as 
long again as shingles that are not dipped. 
Monroe County, N. Y. D. x. wells. 
Reseeding Crimson Clover. —We are asked to ex¬ 
plain the method of reseeding Crimson clover in Dela¬ 
ware and Maryland. The clover is first sown in the 
orchard about the middle of July. It thus makes a 
fair growth through the Fall and Winter. The next 
year, it is permitted to come to a full head, and then 
the orchard is plowed roughly, so as to leave a number 
of heads above ground. These heads mature seed, 
and when thoroughly ripe, the ground is harrowed 
crosswise of the furrows, and this harrowing scatters 
the seed all over the orchard so that another crop 
starts and makes a good growth. The plowing and 
harrowing are continued year after year with the 
result that, from the first seeding, almost any number 
of successful crops may be grown. 
An Improved Brooder Lamp. —No one thing is so 
much needed in the poultry world as a better brooder 
than has ever been put out. The common style of 
single brooders—a lamp box with brooding-room over 
it and heated by hot air coming from a sheet-iron 
heater over the lamp, with its multitudinous varia¬ 
tions—is certainly the best at present; but the in¬ 
closed lamp is a dangerous thing, and can never be 
made safe. It can be made a little safer than the 
common lamp, however, and Fig. 341 shows how. 
Have the lamp made any size you please, with 
the top of the bowl depressed about three - eighths 
to one-half inch. When this depression is filled 
with water, it will last for 16 to 24 hours, and 
helps to keep the oil and wick from overheating. 
b shows the oil-tank, and the dotted line c shows the 
bottom of the depression which is to be filled with 
water. Brooders of this class are always dangerous, 
and their use, like matrimony, “ should never be 
undertaken otherwise than seriously.” The water- 
top lamp is a decided improvement, but it and all 
other lamps must be given plenty of air, and the lamp 
box must not be allowed to get hot. No amount of 
“ hydro ” attachments can prevent an explosion if this 
point is neglected. h w. j. 
Ohio. 
A New Fodder Mixture. —Referring to Hope Farm 
Notes on “ Another Crop Failure ”, page 707, early in 
July, I plowed under a good ripe crop of Crimson 
clover (two acres) and immediately sowed the piece to 
Hungarian grass and Canada field peas, a new crop 
CL 
6 
KNIVES FOR CUTTING OFF THE CORN. Fig. 340. 
for me and a mixture 1 had never seen “ in print ” be¬ 
fore. But I had the seed on hand from other years, 
and wanted to clean it up. In September, early, I 
cut a magnificent crop of grass and peas, and fed it 
green to beef cattle, with excellent results. I shall 
try the experiment again on a larger scale next season, 
and would advise you to try peas again. But August 
may be hotter and drier in your section. We had a 
moist August here. D. R. 
Crenshaw, Pa. 
Sowing Barley in July. —A subscriber in Penn¬ 
sylvania says that he sowed barley and peas the lat¬ 
ter part of July, hoping to obtain a crop for hay. The 
peas were an utter failure, but the barley made a 
great success, standing nearly three feet high, and 
producing a good lot of feed. Our own barley and 
peas proved a failure this year. This correspondent 
thinks of sowing, another year, Crimson clover with 
the barley. We have never believed in sowing Crim¬ 
son clover with other crops, but this year we have 
heard of so many successes where this clover was 
sown with millet, buckwheat or rye, that we are 
about ready to change our mind. Prof. Voorhees, of 
the New Jersey Experiment Station, told us of a plan 
of sowing rye with barley and peas, the object being 
to cut the barley late in the Fall, too late for reseed¬ 
ing, and still have the rye coming in, all ready for 
Spring cutting. 
Tiie Southern Peach Croi\—A reader in Georgia 
says that nurserymen report that they have nearly all 
sold out of peach trees, l ie thinks this means a large 
AN IMPROVED BROODER LAMP. Fig. 311. 
increase in southern orchards. The southern crop, 
this year, glutted the markets, and prices ran low. 
He thinks that, in five years, with the increased plant¬ 
ing of peaches, there will be a tremendous overpro¬ 
duction of the fruit, almost equaling the overproduc¬ 
tion of cotton in its disastrous effects. He wants to 
keep out of the glut, if possible, and thinks of plant¬ 
ing his orchards to mixed fruits. Apples, he thinks, 
will be a profitable crop, the southern markets hardly 
ever being supplied. He wants to know what fruit 
growers think of the plan of planting peaches in rows, 
16 feet apart, and 14 feet in the row, with apples, pears 
or plums in alternate rows. In five or six years, his 
plan would be to pull out the trees not wanted. Prob¬ 
ably this question will be interesting to a good many 
of our southern growers, and we would like to have 
our readers discuss it. 
The Red Polled Cattle are an old-established 
breed, native of Norfolk and Suffolk, England. 
They have always been highly prized for their dairy 
and beef qualities by the farmers of that region, and 
they are becoming quite widely distributed through¬ 
out the agricultural States of this country. They are 
well adapted for regions where combined butter and 
beef production is demanded. 
We have a choice herd of Red Polled cattle on the 
Iowa Agricultural College Farm, where a complete 
record is kept of all feed consumed and the amount 
and value of all dairy products, and both are debited 
and credited at prevailing market prices. This kind 
of a record is also kept of four other breeds of cattle 
that we have under investigation at present, viz., the 
Short-horn, Aberdeen-Angus, Jersey, and Holstein. 
Under this condition, the Red Polled cattle are 
rendering a good account. A number of the cows in 
our herd are producing 300 to 400 pounds of butter 
per year, and a net profit of 825 to 840 per cow. 
Fig. 342 represents a two-year-old heifer that 
calved in January, has made upwards of a pound of 
butter per day for the first four months after calving, 
and is still maintaining a good record. She now gives 
every assurance of developing into a cow that will 
make 400 pounds of butter per annum, and she also 
presents a creditable beef form. It can hardly be 
claimed for this breed, however, that their beef quali¬ 
ties are as good as those of the special beef breeds ; 
but they are rapidly taking rank as one of the practi¬ 
cal and profitable combined beef and butter breeds. 
They are in good demand in this State, and are giving 
good satisfaction. c. f. curtiss. 
Kerosene for Flies. 
Kerosene Lasted an Hour. —In The R. N.-Y. of 
October 22, E. J. R., of Kent County, Mich., tells us of 
his failure to keep flies off cattle with kerosene oil 
used with an atomizer, or hand sprayer. During the 
extremely hot weather in September, my heifers 
would thrash around so that I was obliged to use my 
sprayer every night while milking. I used clear kero¬ 
sene ; it would last nearly one hour. I have been told 
that a little carbolic acid put in with the kerosene 
would make it more lasting. c. f. 
Homer, N. Y. 
Kerosene a Success. —I have used the kerosene 
spray for flies on cattle with good effect. I applied it 
in the stable at night. The cows came up with their 
sides and backs covered with flies. The spray not 
only drives them off but kills them. It will not keep 
other flies from coming, any longer than Ihe kerosene 
spray remains on the hair ; but the cattle will not be 
tormented any more the night of the application, if in 
the stable. So many flies can be destroyed in this 
way as materially to reduce the pest. The spray 
should be applied with an atomizer. m. morse. 
Massachusetts. 
The Flies Came Back. —For several years, I have 
felt the need of a remedy to relieve cattle from the 
torment of flies. The fly that bothers most here is, I 
believe, the horn fly—a small brown fly that gets 
right down in the hair and sticks to cattle day and 
night. The old-fashioned fly would leave the cattle 
at dark, but these do not. Having learned of the use 
of kerosene for flies on cattle, I bought an atomizer 
or hand sprayer at the beginning of fly time last 
Summer. When I commenced to pump that spray on 
the cows, the way the flies left was a caution. I 
cleaned all the flies off a cow in a short time, and ac¬ 
tually killed many; all that got sufficient kerosene 
on them would just fall down and die. I pumped that 
spray on the cows till their sides and backs were just 
full of it ; to my surprise, in about a minute, the flies 
began to come back, and in a very short time, would 
be as thick as ever. After what I thought was a 
thorough test, my conclusion was that kerosene is not 
the stuff. . r. c. L. 
New London, Ohio. 
POSTSCRIPTS. 
Many of our readers have been interested in the 
wash for peach trees described by Mr. M. Mcrse, 
of Massachusetts. This wash consists of slaked lime 
and raw linseed oil. To a bucketful of lime wash, 
made as thick with lime as common paint, a quart of 
raw oil is added and well stirred in. This is painted 
on the trunks of the trees early in the Summer. Mr. 
Morse believes that this solves the peach-borer ques¬ 
tion for him, as his trees are almost entirely free from 
borers. 
A Michigan reader wishes to know whether he can 
sow Crimson clover in the corn and plow it under in 
the Fall with good results. In our experience, this 
would be very poor policy. This clover makes a slow 
growth all through the Winter except during the very 
coldest weather. It makes its most rapid growth dur¬ 
ing the Spring, and to plow it under in the Fall would 
be to lose, probably, more than half its value, both for 
fertilizing the soil and for protecting it from washing. 
