29o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 16 
\L1VE STOCK! 
AND DAIRY. 
DAIRY me IN THE GULF STATES. 
80MK PECULIAR LOCAL CONDITIONS. 
Although the South does not rank as 
a dairy region, it has made marked pro¬ 
gress along this line, in recent years. 
About 13 years ago, the first creamery 
in Mississippi was established by the 
Agricultural College of that State. In 
the five years following, a number of 
creameries were organized in Missis¬ 
sippi, Texas and other Gulf States. Some 
of these creameries are now in opera¬ 
tion, proving sources of untold good to 
the communities in which they are lo¬ 
cated. However, in some cases, failure 
was inevitable by reason of either an in¬ 
sufficient number of cows near the cream¬ 
ery, or because of unsuitable plant and 
equipment put up by professional cream¬ 
ery promoters. The latter established 
plants costing $3,000 to . $6,000 in com¬ 
munities where an investment of $1,500 
or $2,000 would have been ample to care 
for all the milk produced. To this cause 
of failure, was, in some instances, added 
another, the installation of cream-gath¬ 
ering plants instead of creameries sup¬ 
plied with separators, the only feasible 
method in this climate. The above 
causes produced a reaction against cream¬ 
ery building, but the inauguration of 
creameries, and their subsequent col¬ 
lapse, tended to upbuild private dairy¬ 
ing, especially among those farmers who 
have collected herds intended to supply 
a creamery. To-day one of the distinct¬ 
ive features of southern dairying is the 
large proportion of first-class butter 
made in private dairies, and the general 
use of the hand separator. Another dis¬ 
tinctive feature is the conspicuous ab¬ 
sence of the “ beef type ” dairy cow, and 
the dependence on the Jersey, either 
grade or purebred. 
Dairying, as conducted in the Gulf 
States, differs in several respects from 
the same industry in higher latitudes. 
This is chiefly the result of the warmer 
climate and the character of foodstuffs 
in common use. The temperate climate 
greatly reduces the initial outlay, per¬ 
mitting the satisfactory use of cheap 
barns such as would be entirely inade¬ 
quate in the North. Double walls are 
almost unknown, the usual outside wall 
of southern dairy barns being a single 
course of vertical boards, frequently 
without battens. If a still further re¬ 
duction of cost is desired, split oak boards 
are substituted for shingles on the roof, 
the cost of roofing being thus only a 
fraction of the cost of a shingle roof. An 
isolated case coming under my observa¬ 
tion shows to what an extreme of cheap¬ 
ness barn building has been carried in a 
few instances without affecting the 
health of the animals, although cer¬ 
tainly at the expense of the dairyman’s 
income. On a farm where there was a 
herd of about 20 high-grade Jersey cows, 
and where the sales of butter consti¬ 
tuted a large part of the farmer’s in¬ 
come, there was, for several years, no 
other shelter for the cows than a shed 
10 feet wide, roofed with boards, and en¬ 
tirely open on the entire length of the 
south side. The cost was, probably, not 
over $2 for each animal that it sheltered. 
Of course, this arrangement was incon¬ 
venient and unsatisfactory, and it was 
superseded by a cheap but convenient 
and durable barn. The cheapness of 
lumber throughout the South leaves 
scant excuse for failure to provide neces¬ 
sary accommodations for the dairy herd. 
On many dairy farms, with pastures 
convenient to'the barn, it is customary 
in fair weather from April to November 
to drive the cows from barn to pasture 
after milking, leaving them out of doors 
at night. The consequent reduction in 
the size of the manure pile is compen¬ 
sated by the further enrichment of the 
pastures and the cleanliness of the cows. 
The purchased food fed to milch cows 
in the South does not differ greatly from 
that bought by northern dairymen, ex¬ 
cept in the larger use of cotton-seed prod¬ 
ucts in the South and the absence of oil 
meal, gluten meal, etc. Wheat bran is 
in general use, serving not only as a 
standard foodstuff, but as a means of 
making more palatable rations made up 
of less expensive foods. Cotton-seed 
meal is used in much larger quantity 
than is custbmary in other localities. 
Many milch cows, especially family cows 
owned in towns and cities, and in herds 
kept especially for the production of 
market milk, are fed entirely or almost 
entirely on cotton-seed hulls and cotton¬ 
seed meal. The usual dairy ration is five 
to seven pounds of cotton-seed meal with 
12 to 20 pounds of hulls. Even on some 
farms, cotton-seed hulls are purchased 
with the idea that, at the visual price— 
$3 to $4 per ton—they are cheaper than 
home-grown hay. The cheapest of all 
southern cattle foods, and the one most 
extensively fed, is cotton seed, the price 
of which usually ranges between $6 and 
$8 per ton. Cotton seed constitutes a 
highly nutritious food. It should be 
cooked in order to increase the pal- 
atability, and to improve the quality of 
the butter, and even then must be fed in 
limited quantities, if butter of the high¬ 
est quality is required. It is a peculiarity 
of cotton seed and cotton-seed meal that 
they increase the firmness of butter, 
raising the melting point several degrees 
above that of butter made from a ration 
containing no cotton-seed product. This 
increased firmness is an advantage, but 
if proper limits are not set to the amount 
of cotton seed or cotton-seed meal used, 
a noticeable deterioration in the quality 
of the butter occurs. The character of 
the cream is, also, affected when rations 
containing very large quantities of cotton 
seed are fed. It should be noted in this 
connection that cream from cows fed on 
cotton seed or cotton-seed meal needs to 
be churned at a temperature several de¬ 
grees higher than is customary with 
other cream. I am confident that, if sta¬ 
tistics of southern dairies were taken, 
the average ration would be found to be 
narrower than Woll’s American ration, 
and frequently narrower than Wolff’s 
standard. This naturally follows from 
the cheapness of nitrogenous material, 
in the shape of cotton-seed meal, the 
usual price of the latter being $16 to $20 
per ton. 
The usual forage plants of the Gulf 
States include few of those which are 
the mainstay of the northern dairyman. 
In the hay mow, we find no Timothy, 
(Continued on next page.) 
It is risking too much to use haphazard remedies. 
In cases of Cold, see the doctor, or take an eminent 
doctor’s prescription—Jayne’s Expectorant. 
Stimulate your Liver with Jayne’s l'ainless Sana¬ 
tive Pills.— Adv. 
Save the COWS. 
General Cow Drink on hand Is cheap insurance 
ax. each: $ 5.00 dozen. Circular free. 
MOORE BROS., Veterinarians, Albany N Y- 
MAN’S 
BEST 
FRIEND 
often sutlers unneces-1 
sarily for lack of a 
proper remedy for his ( 
_ ailments. Relieve his . 
' suffering and make him sound by using ' 
•QUINN’S ointment: 
" ** It cures curbs, splints, spavins, wind puffs and t 
|all bunches—makes clean, sound legs. Price *1.50 * 
Smaller size 60c. at all druggists or write us direct." 
B. EDDY & CO. Whitehall, N.Y . 1 
DON'T “W 
and expect them to do their best, un¬ 
less you put a handful of 
Lambert’s Death to Lice 
on them. It’s cheaper than vermin 
any day.. Trial size, 10c. postpaid. 
100 ounces, delivered to your ex¬ 
press company, 11.00. JOOK FREE. 
D.J. LAMBERT, a,XI°Cl 
j 
i 
Used and 
endorsed by 
the Adams 
Express Co. 
This trade mark has been known to progressive 
horsemen for many years. It stands for 
Tuttle’s Elixir 
the most famous (and most successful) veterinary 
specific of the age. It will cure curbs, splints, 
colic, lameness, shoe boils, thrush, horse ail, etc. 
Won’t scar or change the hair. Locates lameness 
by remaining moist on the part affected. 
Tuttle’s Pamily Elixir cures Rheumatism, Sprains, 
Bruises, etc. Samples of either Elixir free for three 2 -cent 
stamps for postage. Fifty cents buys either Elixir of any drug, 
gist, or it will be_sent direct on receipt of price. Money re¬ 
funded if not satisfactory in every way. Particulars free. 
CR. S. A. TUTTLE, 27 Beverly Street, Boston, Mass. 
WAR AGAINST THE SCRUB 
will lead to greater benefits for future generations than war between nations. INTERVENTION with pure 
blood wilt improve your HERDS. We can assist you. A few choice FARMS to Sell. 
AMERICAN LIVE-STOCK CO., 24 Slat* Street, New York, N. Y. 
FOR PROFIT AND PLEASURE 
there is nothing that w ill yield re- 
turns equal to bees. Of course this 
Involves careful handling, under 
proper conditions and witli proper appliances. We can furnish the bees and appliances. We make a 
full line of every variety of bee supplies and our book on 1IEE-KKKFERS SUPPLIES embraces every¬ 
thing needful in the business. Send fora copy & look it over—Eree. (i.B.LEWIS CO. Watertown,Wis. 
wvwvvwtvvvwvvvnvvvvuwvuvt; 
Poultry Supplies 
| Our Catalogue of Poultry Supplies is full of] 
meat. You should have it if at all interested , 
In Poultry. Sent free. 
Dutch Bulbs and Narcissus and Lillies. 
Send for Illustrated list, Just published. 
JOHNSON & STOKES, 
217-219 Market St., Philadelphia. Pa. 
POULTRY 
J We keep everything in the POULTRY LINE, ♦ 
♦ Fencing, Feed, Incubators, Live Stock, Brooders ♦ 
♦—anything—it’s our business. Call or let us ♦ 
♦ send you our illustrated catalogue—it’s free for ♦ 
i the asking—it’s worth having. ♦ 
♦ Excelsior Wire and Poultry Supply Co., ♦ 
+ 28 Vesey Street, New York City. ♦ 
»♦♦♦♦«♦♦«♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
Cleaned 
in a 
and Filled 
Minute. 
The latest, cheapest and 
best. See the name. Just 
what you want. Any poultry 
supply dealer—or direct from 
ATSATT BROS. 
Mattapolsett, Mass. 
Send for Circulars. 
VVTLSq 
hand Bone, Shell, Corn 
, O 4 . Grit Mill for Poultiymen. 
one Cutter. Power Willis. 
'’Troular ana testimonials Free. 
WILSON BROS., Easton, Pa. 
B ig percentage of LIVE chicks from 
fertile eggs is what every poultry- 
man wants, and this can be most surely 
'securedwith the Monitor Incubator. 
Proven in our 80 p. catalog; sent forte, 
stamps. THE MONITOR CO., 64 William 
Street, Middletown, Conn. 
THU IMPROVED 
VICTOR Incubator I 
Hatch.. Chlck.n. by Steam, Xbaolutaly I 
aelf-regulating. The .impl.it, molt I 
reliable, and ebeape.t first-clatu Hatchar | 
, In the market. Circular* FREE. * 
GEO. EKTEL CO., QUINCY, ILL. 
ATCH Chickens »™SE 
EXCELSIOR (roMt 
*******U+ 
tuf. Tknuiti la meeacfil 
aperatla*. L*w*at ,Hn4 
blteiau Hatcher aU*. 
GEO. H. STAHL, «> 
114 Ul»g 8. 6th St, Qnla-rr.HL 
AFTER YOU TRY IT . 
Buy no Incubator smd pay lor it 
before giving it a trial* 
We send you ours on trial. Not a cent paid 
p until tried. A child can run it with 5 minutes 
I attention daily. First Prize at Worlds Fair. 
I First Prize and Medal at Nashville Expo- 
Lsition. Our large handsomely illustrated 
catalogue tells all about poultry, incubators 
Plana for Brooders, Poultry I and the money there 
Houses, etc sent for 25 cents. I is in it. Sent for 5e. 
VonCulin Inch. Co. Delaware City, Del. 
¥ 
$1,500 IN CASH 
and MOO Premium, were awarded my fewl. at 1* 
r-nta/i c cere state Shew. 1* tY. bar- 
t OWLS AND EGGS ge.t Range la the weat. 
Send 5 cent. .tamp, for belt Illue- rnn rip r 
trated Poultry Catalogue. Address rUrt OMLE 
CHAS. GAMMERDINGER, Box 86, Colcmbds. 0. 
.GAIN WE WEN Gold Special, 6 Silver Sweepstakes 
Specials and over 100 Class prizes al 
the Northern Illinois Poultry Show, 
Jan. 10-15, -S8. Our Maw Mamvoth 
fPaultqi Catalogue fully illustrates and 
describes 40 of the leading varieties 
of land and water fowls, giving scores 
and prizes won for the past 3 years; 
reliable information in poultry disease 
and management; fine view of our 
poultry ranch; sent postpaid for 10c. 
E. H. COOK, Box 4 HUNTLEY, ILL. 
I ATU AM’? White Wyandottes. They are white 
Ln 1 Fin III 0 as snow. No better on earth. Eggs, 
#1.60 per 13. THOS. W. LATHAM, Monroeville,Ohio. 
WHITE WYANDOTTE 
per 15. 
Incubator Eggs, $3 per 
100. Breeding Pens, 81 
SILAS DEAN, Oak Hill, N. Y. 
IGHT BRAHMA EGGS. #2 FOR 15; S3 FOR 30. 
■ Five-acre Poultry Farm, Cbeviot-on-Hudson, N. Y 
B 
rowu Leghorn, Buff Pekin Bantam, Pekin Ducks. 
Eggs, $1 V setting. T. G. Ashmead, Williamson,N.Y 
GUERNSEYS. 
225 purebred Guernseys of the best American 
and Island breeding. Butter average, whole 
herd, 318 pounds per head. No catalogue. Come 
and make your own selection. 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
RHINECLIFF. N. Y. 
JERSEYS 
—Registered heifers, bulls 
and cows. Highest quali 
ty. No catalogue. State wants explieity. R. F. 
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street. Pittsburgh, Pa., 
Farm Edgeworth P. F.YV.&C. ILK. 
FLORHAM GUERNSEYS 
To effect an immediate Sale, we offer, at very 
reasonable prices, a number of well-bred Bull Calves. 
J. L. HOPE, Farm Supt.. Madison, N. J. 
Purebred Ayrshire Cattle. 
Imported and bred for the Dairy, with grand con¬ 
stitution. Leading Gold-Medal Milk, Butter and 
Prize-Record AYRSHIKES, Scotland and America 
Importer and Breeder Choice Colli k Dogs. Stock 
all ages, for sale. K. G. STEADY, 
Box 720. Brockville. Ont. 
CLEARVIEW STOCK FARM 
Offers three Jersey Bull Calves from 7 to 12 months 
old, sired by Ida's Rioter of St. L. 18th No. 42252. For 
prices address J. S. CAMPBELL. Butler, Pa. 
C HENANGO VALLEY STOCK FARMS, Greene, N. 
F.—Dutch Belted and Jersey Cattle; Dorset anu 
Rambonlllet Sheep; Poland-Chlna, Jersey Red and 
Suffolk Pigs; White and Bronze Turkeys, Peafowls 
and Blooded Chlokens. J. D. VAN VALKENBURGH. 
Spring Pigs from 100 Reg. 
Poland China , Berkshire and 
Chester Whites. Mated not 
akin. Choice bred sows, Serv¬ 
ice Boars. Poultry. Write us 
for free circular and bottom 
prices. Hamilton & Co., Cochranville. Chester Co., Pa 
B eukhhike. Chester White, 
Jersey Red & Poland China 
Pigs. Jersey, Guernsey & Hol¬ 
stein Cattle. Thoroughbred 
Sheep, Fancy Poultry, Hunting 
and House Dogs. Catalogue. 
S. W. SMITH, Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa. 
Gm 1 buys a Pure Poland-Chlna Boar, nearly 
M ready for service. Nearly 30 Spring Pigs 
sold. Can we sell yov one ? 
F. H. GATES & SONS, Chittenango, N. Y. 
PICS—CHESHIRES and ESSEX 
For Descriptive Price-list and Show Record, write 
L. F. DOOLITTLE, Ouaquaga, Broome Co., N. Y. 
, of Purebred Poland- 
Chinas, and 12 Sows 
safe in Pig for Sale, and all good ones. 
J. L. VAN DOREN, Crestvue, Ohio. 
30 Years a Breeder I 
CHESHIRES 
Lord Rex and Lady Caroline 
stock of Cheshires. Pigs 8, 10, 
12 weeks old. Sows bred. Service Boars. 
Blackberry, Raspberry and Currant Plants. First- 
class goods; low price. 
W. E. MANDEV1LLE. Brookton, Tompkins Co., N.Y. 
Maple Farm Duck Yards. 
The largest and finest Pekin Ducks on this Con¬ 
tinent. We have 2,500 of these mammoth birds in our 
yards. Eggs in season, fertility guaranteed. The new 
and illustrated edition of our book, “ Duck Culture ”, 
-sent as a premium with each order for eggs or birds. 
Price, 25 cents. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. 
JAMES RANKIN, South Easton, Mass. 
P 
ekin Ducks.—Eggs, 8c. ea.. $0 100; 90 p. ct. fertile. 
Ducks av. 10J6 lbs. N. P. BROWN, Westboro, Mass. 
Blanchard's White Leghorns. 
The leading strain of heavy layers. Large, vigorous, 
early-maturing. 600 laying hens. Eggs from best 
breeders, 15, $1.50; 30. $2.25; 100, $6.00. Circular. 
H. J. BLANCHARD, Groton, N. Y. 
WHITE WYANDOTTES“ e, “ 1Ii " r 
Eggs, $1.25 per 15. 
general purpose fowl e 
Stock for sale. 
D. C. BASSETTE, Farmer, N. Y. 
rppe cno U A TPU I MG—W. and S. Wyandottes. B. 
tbuO run nAluniriU and W. P. Rocks. White, 
Brown and Buff Leghorns, L. Brahmas, black Minor- 
cas, Indian Games, Pekin, Ay lesbury and Muscovy 
Ducks, Tou'ouse and African Geese, White and Pear) 
Guineas, White and Bronze Turkeys. Descriptive 
Catalogue free. Pine Tree Farm, Jamesburg, N. J. 
